Trade Liberalization and Prudential Regulation: The International Framework for Financial Services

This article provides an overview of the issues involved in international efforts to open and restructure markets for financial services and to ensure adequate regulation and supervision of financial firms. It discusses the liberalization in the General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS), the first global trade agreement to cover financial and other services, and the roles of various international fora in strengthening national regulatory and supervisory systems and enhancing cooperation and coordination between supervisors. The article emphasizes that measures to liberalize trade in financial services and measures to strengthen prudential regulation and supervision are complementary and mutually reinforcing.     

A Feminist Framework for Analyzing Powered Cultural Landscapes in Historical Archaeology

“Powered cultural landscapes” is my term for landscapes that express social power dynamics. Historical archaeologists have not adopted or developed adequate definitions or theorizations of the terms “power” or “landscape.” Since these terms are predominantly considered separately in the literature, this article first briefly defines power and develops a heterarchical theory of power. Then cultural landscapes are defined and categories of human-landscape interactions are constructed. The bulk of the article applies my heterarchical paradigm to analyze the social power dynamics in selected examples of historical archaeological research concerned with each category of human-landscape interaction.     

旅游服务外包的理论建构研究

旅游服务外包是旅游企业提升竞争优势和实现自身可持续发展的重要战略选择和旅游业产业升级及资源优化的重要方式。本文通过分析服务外包的概念及相关理论,厘定了旅游服务外包的内涵,构建了旅游服务外包理论模型框架,提出了旅游服务外包的分类及其特征。     

A Method For Calculating The Requirements For Mobile Public Services Under Various Geographical Conditions

A formula is developed for computing the requirements for mobile service units, such as traveling stores, repair shops, and clubs, in various types of rural settlement patterns. The formula takes into account the character of the service rendered, the number and density of the places to be served, the state of the roads, climatic conditions, and other factors. Mobile-unit requirements are found to increase with a decline in the average population, in places to be served, and in density of places. The requirements are highest in remote range-grazing lands in the southern Soviet Union.     

The Public Communication of Science and Non-Formal Education Within the Framework of Public Argentine Archaeology: The Case of Archaeology Workshops

Abstract

This article presents and analyses a method of public communication in archaeology carried out by a group of researchers within a non-formal educational framework, as a contribution to public archaeology in Argentina. This project included diverse activities, such as archaeology workshops for children and teenagers, which took place in museums in four cities located in three regions: Paraná (North-east), Tres Arroyos and Lobería (Pampas), and Lamarque (Patagonia). A conceptual evaluation is presented based on the application of a non-participational observation methodology, that includes the analysis of posters made by those attending the workshop and surveys conducted by the archaeologists at the culmination of the activity. This study suggests that workshops can be one of the most effective strategies employed by researchers to publicly communicate archaeology, and therefore can be of use to other research teams that have as their objective the democratization of knowledge generated in scienti?c-academic spheres.     

The Water Framework Directive: A New Directive for a Changing Social,Political and Economic European Framework

This article examines the intricate process of developing the European Union's Water Framework Directive. It sees the Directive as a response to recent economic, political and social changes related to water management, including the shift from government to governance, the liberalization of water markets and the emergence of a new set of institutions, actors, etc. and their respective relations (i.e. social capital). The article focuses on the key points of disagreement between the Council of Ministers and the European Parliament that threatened to prevent the Directive from being materialized and interprets this controversy as the culmination of conflicting interests between different actors at the local, national and European levels. Finally, it asserts the increasingly important role of the nation state in the decision-making and implementation of the Directive and sets this against recent arguments about the death of the State.     

可及性:公众感知视角下的博物馆公共文化服务评价体系

在公共服务领域,"可及性"是从公众感知视角评价公共服务效果的重要视角;在博物馆领域,实现资源和服务面向公众"可及"是近代以来公共博物馆的追求目标之一.立足博物馆服务的特质和公众接受博物馆服务的全过程,可构建从公众感知视角评量博物馆公共文化服务的综合评价体系.该评价体系由三个由表及里的内部维度——"可获得性""可接近性"...     

Governance and Competition: The Role of Non-profit Organisations in the Delivery of Public Services

The movement away from a unified public service towards the development of quasi-markets based on the involvement of private firms and non-profit organisations can be viewed as the most radical change to state-society relations since the advent of the modern welfare state. While there is a growing literature on the value this contracting regime has for governments, we know almost nothing about its impact upon the service delivery styles and mission of non-profit agencies. This study used focus groups and survey data from agencies involved in the Australian Job Network and its predecessor Working Nation . The results show that this contracting regime produced a convergence of service delivery strategies among different types of agency, higher caseloads, reduced attention to the needs of individual job-seekers and greater 'creaming' of the easiest clients at the expense of those more disadvantaged.     

The Advocacy Coalition Framework and the Policy Process Analysis: The Case of Smoking Control in Japan

This study examined the process of smoking control policymaking in Japan, employing the Advocacy Coalition Framework (ACF) and the Policy Process Analysis (PPA). In the view of the ACF, changes in policies and policymaking are explained as resulting from the emergence of, and the competition among, two advocacy coalitions, either protobacco or antitobacco. On the other hand, the PPA conceives of the process of policy change as a set of processes and gives a closer look into the important aspects of policymaking that the ACF does not well examine.     

从社会教育到社会服务——南京博物院提升公共服务的实践与启示

当前中国博物馆正处于事业快速发展时期,成为公共文化服务体系中的重要力量。博物馆的教育服务既关系到公众文化权益的实现,也是博物馆影响力的重要内容,是博物馆工作的出发点和归宿。南京博物院率先转变观念,将"社会教育部"更名为"社会服务部",在"一院六馆"的格局下结合公众需求,重视展览配置,强化个性特色,确定分众自愿的教育定位,开展内容丰富、形式多样的社会服务,寓教育于服务之中,服务范围延伸到院外,努力为社会公众提供更好的文化服务。     

我国博物馆展示教育和开放服务现状、问题和对策思考

现代博物馆经营的核心是展示教育和开放服务.在免费开放后,如何提升我国博物馆的展示教育和开放服务水平,提高博物馆服务社会的质量,是我国博物馆经营面临的一个重大问题.我们要借鉴国外发达国家的博物馆发展、管理经验,制定相关考核指标,促进馆际交流与合作,推动博物馆展览延伸和拓展教育活动的开展并加强对文化产品的开发,以促进我国博...     

The Northern Ireland Conflict: A Framework for Discussion1

At the Dublin Antipode Conference of March 1978, a debate occurred on the Northern Ireland question. In what follows we present extended versions of two of the papers (those by Boal and Anderson). We have also included other pertinent material in the form of Pringle's essay and Perron's review. Hopefully both of these papers will add a further dimension to the debate. In the case of Anderson's paper, due to both time and space limitations, the editorial collective reduced his original work substantially.