新发现的宝晋咸丰通宝缶宝小平

新发现的宝晋咸丰通宝缶宝小平大周最近,笔者见到两枚宝晋局咸丰通宝。两钱面背合在一起打了四个洞,穿入四个小铜柱形成一个饼钱。表面磨损较严重,把四个小铜柱去掉分开两钱后看到没磨损的一面字口深峻,钱文纤细,十分精美,似为铸出后未经过流通即穿在一起。所幸是面背合在一起,两枚钱各保留一面未经磨损尚能显示其风貌（彩插、图１）。此钱对读,双点通,缶宝;外径２．２１,穿孔０．６１,厚０．２厘米;分别重４．２克和４．４克。铜质精良,铸工好,文字纤细,穿孔明显修锉过,一望而知是母钱。咸丰宝晋局钱有小平、当十两种,小平有铜、铁二种,基本只有两种版式（图２、３）,均为尔宝,铸造不精。铜钱易见,铁钱较少。另有一种为部颁式,同《故宫清钱谱》中宝晋咸丰祖钱同版,极少发现。当十钱有尔宝缶宝二种铜钱。缶宝铸造较精且较少。此二枚缶宝宝晋小平尚属创见,同已发现的咸丰铜铁小平明显不同之处是缶宝。缶宝咸丰小平以前只见宝泉、宝直、宝苏三局有。宝苏局似为行用钱,宝泉局、宝直局应为铁母或铁钱（图４）,另有一种缶宝宝泉为私铸（图５）。联系到宝泉局戴书当十铁母、瘦金书小平铁母等钱屡在山西发现,是否可推断当时山西有宝泉局的钱炉,生产铁钱。进一步可推测此二枚钱亦     

丰富多彩的咸丰通宝小平钱

2002年,本人出版了《咸丰钱的版式系列——自藏自拓咸丰钱集》。当时以为,在力所能及的范围内,对咸丰钱的收集已是蔚为大观了。今日看来,其中最薄弱的环节却是最常见的小平钱。现将收集变化较大的几个铸钱局所铸咸丰小平钱披露出来,供同好共赏(宝直局咸丰小     

咸丰重宝宝苏当三十铁钱

本人在上海市肇嘉浜路原露天钱币市场得一枚咸丰宝苏局当三十大铁钱。该钱径42、穿 8 8、厚 2 7、缘宽 6 2毫米 ,重 2 0 5克 (图 1)。据《无锡钱币》总第八期第十四页记序 :“咸丰五年 ( 185 5 )三月宝苏局也提出铸当十铜钱 ,成本不敷 ,拟仿京师式样鼓铸小平及当十、当五大铁钱、并委员采铁 ,雇匠到清江浦 (今淮阴市 )试铸。但宝苏分局只是试铸铁钱 ,并未大量铸造 ,留存至今故甚稀少。”据《淮阴市志》第三十二卷载 :“咸丰三年淮阴设宝苏分局 ,清政府为筹措军费 ,铸大钱。咸丰四年二月在淮阴开铸当十以上铜钱 ,至十月底铸当十、当五十、…     

说咸丰宝德钱

咸丰“宝德”钱,即背有满文“宝德”二字的咸丰钱。德,是铸地旧热河首邑承德的简称。笔者拓呈咸丰宝德钱三品:当五铁钱、当百铜钱及小平铜钱(见图)。咸丰宝德当五铁钱(尔宝),制作精整,犹如铜铸。旧闻确有用此等铁钱冒充铜钱者,可知,铁钱之精湛。咸丰宝德当百大钱,竣深精新,确系未通用之钱币。径长5.1厘米,厚0.52厘米,周边两侧有明显斜势,方孔边长1.2厘米,亦具斜     

宝云局咸丰当十铁范铜钱

正几年前从《收藏》杂志社购得一本《钱币收藏》,里面有几篇著名钱币专家董大勇写的文章,其中《当前集币的热点——母钱》这篇文章里面在介绍"铁范铜"时,说他见过宝云局的咸丰当十铁范铜钱:"清代咸丰宝云当十铁范铜,钱体轻薄,钱文亦不太精。"根据铁范铜的定义:在铸铁钱前,一般先用少量的铜作为试范,观察母钱翻铸后的效果,这种用来试验铁钱钱范而铸造的少量铜钱,称为铁范铜钱。那么既然存在铁范铜钱,其前提条件就是必须要有铁钱存在,才可能     

“铜范铁钱”应改称为“铜样铁钱”

钱币界长期沿用的“铜范铁钱”一词,是指用铸造铜钱的钱范铸造成的铁质钱币。这种铁钱的形制、钱文、书体、读法、大小等,与钱铭相同、版式相同的铜钱一模一样,二者只是一铜一铁,材质不同。     

咸丰当十铁母

咸丰当十铁母俞鸿昌十多年前,得咸丰宝泉局当十铁钱一枚,其貌不扬,未引起重视。前些日子,又得咸丰当十铜钱六、七枚,发现有异品一枚,似同铁母,于是找出那枚铁钱,仔细对比,此铜钱异品竟是铁母。此钱铜质青黄,字迹挺直,沟深,底板沙痕细顺平整,字迹细部,如“”...     

宝武局“缶”宝咸丰钱

《历代古代图说》刊一枚宝武局咸丰当五钱，系“矿’宝。至今未发现第二枚。但隽却陆续发现了咸丰“击”宝的小平、当十、当五十及当百等钱。从字体特征看，当属同一式系列。最突出特点，一是“击”宝；另，满文“武”的首笔是断开的。但小平钱的字体仿宋体。除具有以上特点外，“咸”字的造型结构，与其它面值也很近似。当今所见宝武局咸丰钱，可分为七个版式系列。有六个版式系列均为“尔”宝。其中l部颁式只有小平和当十两个面值。其它五个系列都有小平、当十、当五十、当百四个面任独此“击”宝系列又多出一个当五面值。此系列中，小平…     

治平元宝厚重钱

治平元宝铸于宋英宗治平年间（1064～1067年）,各地都有出土发现,形制小平,有铜铁两种,钱文有篆,真两体,传世铜钱较多,铁钱较少,但铜钱中未见特殊品。一般钱体不厚重,据高汉铭先生编著的《简明古钱辞典》271页记载,“钱径24mm,重3.9g左右”。     

清代咸丰时期宝武局铸币浅议

正清代咸丰年间,由于财政困难,铸币制度比较混乱,各局争铸大钱,其数量、品种、文字十分繁杂。在2002年《江苏钱币》第1期上曾刊登笔者拙文《清代宝武局咸丰当十钱版式》介绍当十版制16种,其中含部颁式、大字大武、大字长武等少见版式。在《江苏钱币》2009年第2期上又介绍两种当十版式,尔后,笔者又收集到数枚宝武当十版式,本文选拓部分当十版式,并将小平当五十,当百版式共22枚介绍如下:     

DEFINITION OF THE BOUNDARY OF MOSCOW'S ACTIVE ZONE OF INFLUENCE

The present boundaries of Moscow's suburban zone are tested by delineating a so-called zone of active influence of Moscow city based on demographic structure and the significance of commuting to work in the city. The most favorable age-sex structure, with a high percentage of population in the working age groups and a relatively high percentage of children, is found in a zone within 50 to 60 kilometers from the city limits. This zone generates a daily flow of more than 500,000 commuters to places of employment in Moscow, 90 percent of whom spend less than 110 to 120 minutes traveling each way. These commuters represent about 2 percent of the total working-age population in the suburban zone. On the basis of the demographic structure and commuting linkages, Moscow's zone of active influence is therefore defined as the zone within which 90 percent of the commuters reside, or within 52 kilometers of the city limits. This conforms roughly to the present definition of the suburban zone.     

多情境下城市时空间行为的社会分异——以北京不同住房来源居民为例

近年来,居民时空间行为的社会分异已成为学者们广泛关注的话题。然而,已有关于居民时空间行为的社会分异研究中,缺少对于居民活动情境的社会分异的研究。因此,本研究基于时间地理学中对人类活动的情境嵌入性与情境的不同维度的相关理论,以北京清河街道为例,分析不同住房来源居民在日常情境、地理情境和社会情境下的时空间行为的社会分异,尝试从多个情境维度拓展对时空间行为社会分异的理解。研究发现,市场性住房居民“朝九晚五”的活动特征明显,活动同伴选择外向性突出;单位性住房居民职住相对接近,在社区空间内分配时间最长且活动目的多样;安置性住房居民活动较为分散,地理情境与社会情境都呈现出“家庭内向性”特征;保障性住房居民非工作活动的“滞后性”明显,对社区空间的时间分配总体较低。除住房来源因素与个人社会经济因素外,建成环境因素对于居民对社区空间的使用有显著影响。     

基于旅游者网络关注度的旅游景区日游客量预测研究——以不同客户端百度指数为例

网络搜索引擎是旅游者获取旅游信息的最重要入口,百度指数通过反映关键词被搜索的次数表征旅游者的网络关注度。文章以三清山为例,首先利用协整理论及格兰杰因果检验分析了PC端和移动端百度指数与实际游客量之间的关系,进一步建立日游客量ARMA模型和分别加入PC 端和移动端百度指数的VAR模型,对游客量预测结果及预测能力进行比较分析,以期通过不同客户端、不同搜索关键词来填补游客量预测过程中旅游网络数据提取的单一性,得到更好的预测效果。发现移动端比PC端百度指数模型具有更好的预测效果,移动端比PC端百度指数对实际游客量的变动具有更好的解释能力。     

A LYONS BRANCH OF THE POTTERY-MAKING FIRM OF ATEIUS OF AREZZO

Fifty-one waster sherds of Terra Sigillata (～20-0 b.c. ) from Arezzo, Italy and Lyons, France have been chemically analysed for twenty-eight elements by neutron activation and seven by X-ray fluorescence. Most of the elemental abundances were measured with high precision and cross-comparisons of the two techniques of measurement (and sample preparation) give added insight as to their relative precision, the calibration differences and the extent to which volatile materials such as carbonate or water influence the results. The sherds from Arezzo formed a homogeneous and distinctive chemical group while all but two of those from Lyons were classified into three such groups. Two of the Lyons groups (MML A and MML B) were from Montée de La Muette and one was from Loyasse. Four additional sherds from houses excavated in Strasbourg and one from Lyons, all of which bore the signature of the famous Anetine pottery-making firm of Ateius, were also analyzed by the same techniques. These signed sherds all had the same composition pattern and it closely matched one of those from Montée de La Muette (MML A) in Lyons. It is therefore suggested that these five sherds bearing the Ateius signature were made in the general vicinity of Lyons and were part of the output of an as yet unknown Gallic branch of the firm of Ateius.     

THE PUBLICATION OF--＂BANQUETS OF WISES-THE TRANSLATION OF THE HISTORY OF TUBO＂

<正>Bawo Tsukla Chengwa(1504-1566) is the author of Banquets of Wises (in Tibetan,it is Lho-brag-chos-vbyung for short).The book has five volumes of which the mo...     

ECONOMIC-GEOGRAPHIC PECULIARITIES OF FORMATION OF THE INDUSTRIAL-TERRITORIAL COMPLEXES OF UNION REPUBLICS

Differences in industrial development of the Soviet union republics are found to persist, and the basic factors are analyzed. The presence of a skilled labor force is an important factor in insuring a high level of industrial output per capita and a high rate of return on capital. However, the distribution of labor-intensive industries does not always conform to the availability of labor resources. Such industries have reached a high level in the Baltic republics, where the reproduction rate is low and additional labor must be brought in from the outside, and they have not been fostered in Central Asia, where the rate of natural increase is high. The emphasis on resource-based industries that is characteristic of some republics (oil and gas in Azerbaydzhan and Turkmenia, nonferrous metals in Kazakhstan, etc.) is usually associated with a high level of fixed assets (capital intensity) and a low rate of return as well as low levels of industrial output per capita.     

城市街巷空间居民的集体记忆研究——以南京夫子庙街区为例

伴随全球化和城市化的快速推进,城市街巷空间的原生态环境和文化生活气息开始退变,城市记忆逐渐缺失,趋同化和均质化的城市危机显现。为此,选取南京夫子庙街区作为典型个案,采用认知地图、口述访谈和GIS空间统计方法,实证研究城市街巷空间居民的集体记忆,发现居民对夫子庙街巷空间的集体记忆呈现"光环区"→"亚光环区"→"缓冲区"→"盲点区"依次递减的特征和规律,"平民化"的城市设计理念缺失成为重要诱因。街巷空间作为城市公共空间的重要组成部分,具有特定的历史内涵与场所精神,其担负的集体记忆保护功能,应该引起学界和社会各界的广泛关注。     

A RECORD OF THE ENTHRONEMENT OF THE SOUL BOY OF DETRUL REINCARNATION

<正>July 4th,2010,which was also May 23rd of the irontiger year according to the Tibetan calendar,was a most auspicious day.Tibetan Buddhism welcomed this very important event,drawing lots from the golden urn to search for the soul boy of the Fifth Detrul reincarnation. Over 150 representatives from all walks of life and adherents witnessed this great event in Tibetan Buddhism in front of the statue of Sakyamuni in the Jokhang Temple.