论骑士制度的繁荣期

骑士制度的繁荣时期出现在11世纪末至13世纪初,其主要原因是,骑士制度的经济基础——庄园经济的繁荣期、骑士阶层的力量象征——封建城堡的大量出现期以及骑士制度三原则的最终融合期均在该时间段内。13世纪中后期以降,西欧经济、政治、军事、社会及科技等诸多方面的变化使骑士制度从其繁荣期滑落下来。     

The (Ir)relevance of the Aside in Golden Age Drama

The professionalization of public theatre in late sixteenth-century Spain transformed the public street drama of playwrights and actors such as Lope de Rueda into an activity whose survival and success depended on ticket sales and attendance. It is within this context that the aside became one of the most popular dramatic techniques of Spain's Golden Age theater. This article seeks to answer two questions about the aside: (1) Do Golden Age playwrights utilize the aside in the same manner? and (2) Does the subgenre of a comedia dictate the use of a particular category of aside? I propose to answer these questions, focusing in particular on the different ways that the following comedias utilize the aside to transform the audience from mere spectators to active accomplices of what they witness on stage: Calderón de la Barca's El alcalde de Zalamea (comedia de honor), Antonio Mira de Amescua's El esclavo del demonio (comedia hagiográfica), and Tirso de Molina's El burlador de Sevilla (comedia moral).     

Golden Age for Mountaineering in Tibet

High peaks in Tibet are an irresistible lure for the world's bestmountaineers, as well asincreasing cumbers of tourists. This inturn produced good benefits for theregion.Since the end of the 1980s,explained Gao Moxing, Secretary General of the Tibet Association of Moun taineerjng, Tibet has opened 46 peaksto foreign climbers. Thus far, some10,000 people from 40-odd countrieshave come on climbing expeditions, producing an income totaling 120 millionYuan.The mountaineering assosiationpaid S…