Normanising the North: The Evidence of Anglo-Saxon and Anglo-Scandinavian Sculpture

Abstract

This Study Probes the destruction of material culture to illuminate the introduction of Norman political authority into northern England. A brief overview of Norman destruction of churches provides the background to a review of the potential relationship of Anglo-Saxon monuments with memory and identity, in the context of recent discussions of monument reuse. Durham and York, the Anglo-Saxon monastic sites at Wearmouth/Jarrow, Lindisfarne and Jedburgh, and a selection of local churchyards provide case studies. It argues that some monuments seem to have been deliberately targeted, but a wider range of factors, all ultimately derived from changing political circumstances, can be identified that explain why sculpture was removed and reused. The paper serves as a platform for further debate about the significance of monuments in the Middle Ages, and as a contribution to the broader discourse within archaeology about their social meanings.     

辽代石刻概述

本文全面系统地记述了辽代石刻文字的发现与著录、种类与特点、学术价值及影响和研究现状。指出陈述先生的《辽文汇》和《全辽文》是最早全面搜集辽代石刻文字的著作,迄今为止已知辽代石刻文字约有320～330种左右,成为订正、补充《辽史》的重要第一手资料。它揭示了辽朝多次更换国号,补充了大量人物史实,推动了契丹文字研究。辽代的白话碑对于研究白话碑的历史具有重要意义。