南非第一位黑人总统——曼德拉

曼德拉，享誉世界的黑人政治家。为了废除南非的种族隔离制度，他领导南非人民进行了艰苦卓绝的斗争，并度过了常人难以忍受的长达27年的铁窗生涯。让我们与您一道，来认识南非这位伟大的第一任黑人总统。     

南非，谁的母亲

去年,南非作家库切揭示南非新旧交替时代种族问题的小说《耻》获得了诺贝尔文学奖,再次引起人们对南非种族问题的关注和思考。2004年,南非人迎来了推翻种族隔离统治10周年。10年过去了,种族隔离政策在文化上给各民族造成的隔阂与伤害,是否能在政治手段解决以后,随之得到弥合?废除种族隔离带来的文化意义是什么?新南非将走向何方?     

地理填字

看杂志,动脑筋 约翰内斯堡能容纳9．4万名观众的新体育场闪闪发光地映照着城市的天际线。身为世界杯主办国．南非成了世人瞩目的焦点。总统祖马说,自1994年废除种族隔离制度以来．2010年是最关键的一年。本期填字游戏中的某些答案就隐藏在《曼德拉的孩子们》这篇文章中。     

美国黑人高等教育的发展历程

美国黑人高等教育的发展,最初表现为黑人院校的建立与发展。黑人院校主要是指美国历史上的黑人学院和大学（Historically Black Colleges and Universities）,是专门为黑人接受高等教育而开办的两年制初级学院或提供学士学位教育的场所。绝大多数黑人院校创立于1964年之前,且得到州政府的认可。由于种族主义的存在,黑人院校成为美国黑人接受高等教育的惟一场所,且在相当长一段时间里代表了黑人高等教育的发展状况。直到20世纪60年代种族隔离制度被废除,实行黑人与白人合校,黑人高等教育才突破了“黑人院校”的局限。     

论南非种族隔离制及其对黑人的殖民掠夺(上)

(一) 种族隔离制是白人殖民者对南非各族人民,特别是对占人口绝大多数的黑人实行的一种特殊形式的殖民政策。这种殖民政策在南非由来已久。从一六五二年荷兰殖民者在好望角建立第一块殖民地起,种族隔离制就产生了它的现今某些制度方面的最初萌芽。三百多年来,它一直是白人殖民者对南非黑人进行殖民奴役和掠夺的工具。     

南非种族隔离制与阿非利卡人政治经济优势地位的确立

本文考察和分析了南非阿非利卡人政治经济优势与种族隔离制之间的内在历史联系。 2 0世纪初期的阿非利卡人陷入了深刻的经济危机 ,通过种族隔离制的选举制度 ,阿非利卡人控制了南非政权 ,确立了自身的政治优势地位 ,并在此基础上进一步强化经济领域中的种族隔离制政策法规 ,最终实现了阿非利卡人经济崛起的目标。     

“政治家要知道他的人民需要什么”——和陌非淌总统德克勒克聊权力

德克勒克,南非迄今最后一任白人总统,和曼德拉一同获得1993年诺贝尔和平奖,已近88岁了,曾是一个艰难国度的最有权势者。他于1989年9月当选南非总统,他本该是白人利益的捍卫者,然而,他做了一件最简单也是最有效的事情——放弃。一个剑拔弩张的国度顷刻间发生了伟大的转变。德克勒克废除种族隔离制度,释放了曼德拉。他在一个政治家的黄金年龄展示了超人的勇气和胆识,让一个国家远离伏尸百万流血千里的方法,就是这么简单又不简单。《人物》记者张捷在北京采访了德克勒克。     

5月

<正>16 1974年5月西德总理勃兰特的秘书、核心幕僚纪尧姆被指控为东德充当间谍,勃兰特因此受到反对党与报社的抨击,再加上爆出性丑闻事件,使得他不得不辞职下台。17 1954年5月美国最高法院宣布,在全国公立学校中种族隔离为非法,黑白分校制被废除。接下来数年中,美国开始废止一切有关种族隔离的措施。     

民国时期新疆盟旗制度的废除

盟旗制度是清政府为了维护边疆的稳定,在少数民族中实行的军政合一的政治制度。在新疆,盟旗制度的主要形式有回王制、札萨克制与总管旗制三种。民国成立以后,金树仁、盛世才开始实行＂改土归流＂,最终废除了盟旗制度,改行县制。盟旗制度的废除,有利于新疆的行政统一与促进各民族间经济文化交流,但对于后来新疆的稳定以及边防的巩固也有一定负面作用。     

冷战与黑人民权改革:国际史视野下的布朗案判决

第二次世界大战结束后,美国国际角色定位的转变、美苏冷战的展开、第三世界国家的兴起、国际社会对人权保护的日益重视以及美国黑人争取民权的国际转向,促使美国的种族问题日趋国际化。为了维护国家形象和"世界领袖"地位,并努力把第三世界国家争取到资本主义阵营一边,美国政府不得不重视保障黑人权利。在布朗案等系列黑人民权诉讼案中,司法部代表美国政府以"法庭之友"身份提交书面陈述,从美国外交和国家利益的角度要求废除种族隔离制度。在布朗案中,最高法院在多个方面受到国际因素的影响,从而最终作出了推翻"隔离但平等"原则的判决。美国充分利用这一判决结果和有利的国际舆论,改善国家形象,提升国家声誉。美国政府对布朗案判决的政治利用取得了一定效果,而国际舆论也进一步推动了美国的黑人民权改革。     

Demand and Supply of Public School Quality in Metropolitan Areas: The Role of Private Schools

In this paper I investigate the role of private schools in the housing market and in the supply and demand for public schooling. I estimate public school-quality supply simultaneously with demand, which provides greater confidence in calculated demand elasticities than in single-equation studies. The price of public schools, private schools, and taxes all appear in the demand estimation and have elasticities of @ndash;0.19, 0.11, and –0.49, respectively. Public school–quality supply is responsive to private-school competition but not to competition from other public schools. The percentage of school-aged children attending private schools depresses house values holding public-schooling outcomes constant.     

Examining the Impact of Charter Schools on Performance in Traditional Public Schools

Charter schools have grown in popularity, as both citizens and government officials search for ways to improve public education in America. Much of the research on charter schools focuses on academic performance comparisons between charter schools and traditional public schools. Far less attention has been devoted to whether the presence of charter schools creates marketlike environments that bring about systemic improvements in public education. This study examines the extent to which charter schools stimulate performance gains in traditional public schools. The results show that charter schools contribute to modest overall performance improvements for students enrolled in traditional public schools. Charter schools help bring about stronger performance gains for low-income students enrolled in traditional public schools. The presence of charter schools also affects how financial and programmatic resources are allocated in traditional public schools.     

Controlling space,controlling scale: migratory labour,free speech,and regional development in the American West

Using the Industrial Workers of the World's Denver, Colorado free speech struggle of 1913 as a starting point, this paper explores the relationship between the production of public space and the production of scale in the American West. Drawing on evidence from both union and local newspapers, the paper shows how the struggle to shape and control labor and capital mobility was simultaneously engaged in particular public spaces (and the right to use those spaces) and across vast reaches of the region. The paper shows that these struggles were decisive the determining the nature of regional development in the West.     

A Visit to Burma

ABSTRACT

Closure of small schools has been a contentious policy issue, addressed most recently in the Schools Consultation (Scotland) Act 2010. Local authorities are currently delivering public service under great financial pressure and, given the high per capita costs of running small schools, have often sought to close them. One of the arguments for retaining small schools is the purported contribution that they make in maintaining rural community vibrancy. However, the evidence base for retaining small schools as ‘the heart of the rural community’ is largely untested, and such evidence as there is suggests that school closures have a modest effect on community vibrancy. School catchment studies show a long-term pattern of adjustment to demographic changes but this process may be curtailed by government policy in Scotland. A solid employment base and affordable housing are deemed by many to be more important factors in rural socio-economic wellbeing than the presence or absence of a primary school.     

“156项工程”项目是怎样落地的?--以湖南为例

湖南“156项工程”项目的落地,经历了一个复杂的过程。首先是对项目地址进行科学而严格的筛选,地址确定以后,进入项目建设阶段。“156项工程”项目的建设资金由国家提供,项目设计图纸的核心部分由苏联提供,项目施工在苏联专家指导下由中国承建单位负责。竣工以后,项目必须经过严格验收方可投产。“156项工程”项目投产所需的劳动力,主要来自老技术工人、新招工人,还有少数大中专院校和技校毕业生。投产中的技术问题在苏联专家指导下解决,投产后均取得了良好效益。在“156项工程”项目的建设过程中形成了科学精神、自主创新精神、协作精神、艰苦奋斗精神,这笔精神财富值得深入总结并传承。     

方志记述与学校变迁——《中国地方志文献·学校考》序

《中国地方志文献·学校考》汇集了4000余部历代方志学校类文献,即将由学苑出版社出版。类编方志学校史料的意义在于,不仅可以详细了解各地兴学办校的历史过程,还可以看到从古代到近代,政府和乡绅在普及教育和传播文化方面的积极投入,尤其是清末民初社会变革时期,教育体制发生巨大变化,初等教育真正开始成为一种普及式公益事业。综观不同时期的方志学校文献,这一变迁清晰可见。     

Understanding the Field of Public Affairs through the Lens of Ranked Ph.D. Programs in the United States

The goal of this article is to understand the multidisciplinary field of public affairs. Based on data and text mining on the profiles and publications of all faculty members from a list of research‐oriented U.S. public affairs programs, we describe the landscape of public affairs schools and scholars, identify 15 topics in public affairs research and discuss their trends of change between 1986 and 2015, and show the clustering and hiring networks of public affairs schools. Our results suggest a broader approach to understanding the field of public affairs than the public administration focus in the literature. Although public administration is highly visible in the field, which is evidenced by the journals most favored by public affair scholars, various specific policy areas (such as health, social, urban, environmental, global, and education policies) show strong representations based on our topical analysis of public affairs research.     

The Making(s) of an Alternative Urban Policy: What Happens When Free Fares Come to Town?

While many urban policies and practices claim to offer an “alternative” to the “mainstream” of urban entrepreneurialism, they remain under-theorised and prone to alignment with entrepreneurial agendas. In this paper I examine fare-free public transport (FFPT) as a salient example of an alternative urban policy. Looking at Aubagne (France) and Tallinn (Estonia), I explore what happens when an alternative policy “comes to town”. I detect how FFPT enters local urban regimes, and study the (non-)participation of public transport passengers and workers in the decision-making process about whether and how to abolish public transport fares. My analysis reveals that albeit alternative policies such as FFPT seem to oppose entrepreneurialism, they may hinge on urban regimes that span across institutions, leave the local configurations of power unchallenged, and strenghten local elites. The adaptability of alternatives to diverse political and intellectual positions explains their resilience. Consequently, their radical character cannot be taken for granted and remains an object of political struggle.     

A tribute and a review

On 8–9 May 2010, a deprived chengzhongcun (urban village) in the city of Hefei hosted a session of the Second Hefei Contemporary Art Biennale. In this article, we focus on the artistic practices and the online and offline discussions that they evoked. Drawing upon literature on citizenship, public art, public space and public pedagogy, we analyse the exhibition and its social and political potentialities. Looking at a case study in a country where fear of an aggressive crackdown is part and parcel of the psychology of urban protest, we reflect upon the pedagogical potential of public art in the struggle for equal rights to housing, education and urban space. By paying special attention to the geographical and the pedagogical dimensions of this extraordinary event, we demonstrate that public art can play a role in Chinese citizenship struggles.     

Fei Xiao Tong: A public intellectual in Communist China (Respond to this article at http://www.therai.org.uk/at/debate)

This article focuses on Fei Xiao Tong's status as a public intellectual in Maoist China, his place in the ‘red or expert’ struggle, his fate during the Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution, and his cautious return to academic prominence and as an influential Chinese public intellectual in post‐Maoist China.