The preservationist paradox: modernism, environmentalism and the politics of spatial division

According to Bruno Latour, the imposition of crude classificatory schemes onto complex entities has two main effects: firstly, the classifications lead social actors to sift the world into the schemes' simple categories; secondly, underlying relations subvert the schemes' functioning, resulting in the production of transgressive 'hybrids'. Thus, classification and relation interact and this interaction shapes both the practice of classification and the world that is classified. In this paper, we examine the interaction between a scheme of spatial classification and the spaces that are enrolled within the scheme. We show that a division between urban and rural areas was put in place in post-war England in order to protect a 'vulnerable' rural nature from urban advance. However, as soon as it was imposed, this division was transgressed by complex socio-economic processes. We assess the response to this transgression by considering the activities of the Council for the Protection of Rural England (CPRE), an environmental group that played some considerable part in constructing the urban–rural divide in the first place. We show that the CPRE has responded to the 'paradox of preservationism' by placing urban–rural divisions in the context of 'ecological' relationships. We illustrate this 'ecologization' of the modernist divide using the example of housing and we argue that the CPRE's ecological approach illustrates how a new alignment between 'urban' and 'rural' may herald a new and more sophisticated form of spatial classification.     

Settler Life Writing,Georgic Traditions and Models of Environmental Sustainability

The purpose of this article is to reveal that the settler life writing preserves the all-but-forgotten wisdom of traditional mixed-farming methods. My study focuses on the farm logs or journals kept by three members of the Sheppard family, British immigrants who settled in southern Alberta in the late nineteenth century to establish ranches. Pioneers such as the Sheppards imagined the prairies as an Eden where they could lead prosperous lives and radically transformed the prairies, changing the nature of that life form. I explore the Sheppard journals through a lens shaped by Virgil’s Georgics. There is value in the Georgics as a model of sustainability; thus, such analysis reveals a traditional, cyclical agrarian pattern in the journals from which emerges an ethic of sustainability.     

大都市生命周期与城郊化趋势

向心城市化、城郊化、逆城市化和再城市化四个连续的变质阶段构成大都市的生命周期。自本世纪30年代以来,西方发达国家的大都市主要经历了四次城郊化浪潮。本文通过对城郊化发展规律的分析,为我国大都市因势利导进行城郊化建设提供依据。     

Working Port or Lifestyle Port? A Preliminary Analysis of the Port Adelaide Waterfront Redevelopment

This paper presents preliminary analysis of a larger study examining the re‐making of the Port Adelaide waterfront. It offers insights into the way the processes of urban entrepreneurialism endeavour to appropriate and transform landscapes by building on a particular heritage of place while simultaneously dismantling this image to recreate an alternative form. The proposal to refashion the Port's waterfront into a lifestyle and tourist destination will dramatically transform the current socio‐spatial organisation of working and community life as perceived and valued by those local communities currently living in and around the Port area. The removal of a small group of boatyard operators from the inner‐harbour, as part of the redevelopment, is symbolic of local concern of the potential loss of a particular way of working and community life that is steeped in history, heritage and class and is particular and peculiar to the Port Adelaide waterfront. The findings support the view that the process of urban entrepreneurialism in the re‐imaging of place is transformative, selective and exclusive.     

试论延长旅游地生命周期的模式

Butler的旅游地生命周期模式主要是一种旅游地生命周期的自然生长模式。但随着旅游业的深入发展,一个旅游地的生命周期是可以进行人为的控制和调整的,以亲身参与的两个案例进行了比较。对如何评估旅游地所处的生命周期的阶段,提出了相应的参考指标,为开发者及早发现旅游地存在的问题,研究对策,提供了帮助。     

The notebook and the laboratory – types of knowledge in German piano-making, 1880–1930

ABSTRACT

Between the second half of the nineteenth century and the 1930s, German piano making changed from a craft to an industry. Nevertheless, piano makers still needed specific working knowledge to produce quality instruments. This knowledge was bound to individuals and transmitted informally from one person to another. The piano makers took working knowledge as the core of their practice. But in the shift to industrial methods of production, the key question was how to translate working knowledge into formal knowledge—to articulate what such knowledge meant and how it might be applied. Using the case study of the German piano making factory Grotrian-Steinweg, I show how the piano maker Kurt Grotrian used his notebooks to grapple with the problem of formalizing his working knowledge. At this company, an acoustic laboratory was established, in whose reports formalized knowledge was stored due to the transition of piano making from a craft to an industry.     

旅游地生命周期研究的回顾和展望

旅游地生命周期是旅游地演变过程中的基本问题,已成为学者们关注的热点之一。本文首先回顾了国内外旅游地生命周期研究的主要内容。接着从研究时间、内容和对象三方面比较了国内外研究的异同。最后就旅游地生命周期研究的新趋势提出几点看法,分析认为,今后应着重在地域范围、周期影响因素、周期衡量指标、相关理论的结合应用等方面拓展和深化旅游地生命周期理论的研究。     

Space, Time and Sustainability in the Hadejia-Jama'are Wetlands and the Komodugu Yobe Basin, Nigeria

Debates about sustainability still take insufficient account of the significance of space and time. In this paper, their significance is demonstrated empirically through an account of the complex environmental and socio-economic impacts of dam construction on flood-plain wetlands in the Hadejia-Jama'are river basin in Nigeria. Socio-economic data from a rapid rural appraisal exercise and household questionnaire survey (data on patterns of production in the flood plain and patterns of mobility) are appraised in the context of patterns of environmental change and of inundation (analysis of riparian vegetation and time-series aerial photographs). The paper concludes that sustainable river basin development requires more attention to be paid to the perspectives derived from different scales of analysis. This calls for appropriate institutions allowing communication at the interface between village-level producer and river basin manager.     

流动人口核心家庭的迁移模式分析——基于家庭生命周期的视角

当前我国的人口流动步入新的发展阶段,流动人口的迁移模式呈现出明显的家庭化趋势,在此背景下迁移选择是否和流动人口家庭的生命周期阶段患息相关呢?未来的市民化政策需要因此而迭代升级为家庭视角吗?文章使用中国25所城市的流动人口调查数据构建Logistic回归模型,从家庭生命周期阶段、个体特征、家庭特征和城市流动特征四个维度探...     

敦煌市居民旅游感知及态度研究

本对敦煌旅游业的发展状况做了初步分析;深入调查研究了敦煌市区居民对旅游影响的感知以及对旅游业发展的态度。结果表明,目前敦煌正处于旅游生命周期的“成熟巩固阶段”;敦煌市区居民对旅游正面影响的感知明显强于对负面影响的感知;并已形成了较为鲜明的“有矛盾的支持”、“热爱”、。现实主义”、“顾虑”和“憎恨”等5类群体,但后两类居民所占比例很小;居民总体上对旅游业的发展持较为理智的支持态度;不同人口统计学特征居民的感知及态度存在一定的差异。最后建议通过建立健全的旅游社区参与机制,来调控敦煌市居民对旅游影响的感知。     

家庭生命周期对旅游者行为的影响研究

揭示家庭生命周期对旅游者行为的影响可以为家庭旅游精准营销提供依据.将城镇居民的家庭生命周期分为筑巢期、满巢Ⅰ期、满巢Ⅱ期、空巢期4个阶段,探究家庭生命周期对其旅游行为的影响,发现:①家庭生命周期影响旅游者的目的地选择行为,不同家庭生命周期旅游者的景区到访率距离衰减速率不同;②家庭生命周期影响旅游者的旅游活动类型偏好,满...