'Minorities with a Message': The Beveridge Report on Broadcasting (1949-1951) and Wales

This article explores the significance of the report of theBeveridge Committee on Broadcasting (1949–1951)—whichwas charged with considering all aspects of post-war broadcastingin Britain at a time of political, social, economic and culturalchange—in relation to Wales. It argues that the interactionbetween the committee and the Welsh political and cultural andgroups that submitted evidence to the committee allows for aninsight into the cultural politics of Wales during the earlypost-war period. It also argues that a study of the report throwslight onto issues of broadcasting and nationhood, the significanceof the Welsh language in defining nationhood and a nationalconsciousness and the relationship between a minority languageand the state, at a time of political and cultural change. Astudy of the Welsh dimension of the committee's report alsoprovides a framework for an understanding of the broadcastingpolitics of Wales in the 1950s and 1960s. Finally, the articleexemplifies the tensions that existed between what media historianJames Curran calls the ‘newness and modernity’ ofthe broadcast media and a political and cultural elite whichsought to preserve a ‘traditional’ way of life inthe face of the perceived impact of those media.     

The Land of Morgan: Its Conquest and its Conquerors

The cairn on Hardendale Nab was excavated in 1986 in advance of destruction by quarrying, and this allowed the reconstruction of a complex sequence of development. Construction of the cairn appears to have begun in the Early Bronze Age, although it might have been earlier. Phase 1 comprised a simple cist burial, and small earthen mound, with a number of secondary burials made in and around the original monument. Unusual rectangular features might have been used for pyres. Phase 2 saw the erection of a round enclosure around the mound, which was later (Phase 3) filled with loose limestone rubble. Again burials, both cremations and inhumations, were cut into the rubble, and bone scattered over and amidst it, with an apparent focus on the southern part of the structure. The entire complex was buried by a further layer of rubble in Phase 4, into which several further burials, this time inhumations, were cut. The excavation produced an unusually large amount of environmental evidence, much of it associated with the use of the cairn as a roost by owls in Phases 2 and 3.     

蒋介石与战后学潮(1945—1949)

战后频发的学潮集中暴露出国民政府在外交、经济、地方管制等领域所面临的严重危机。作为执政者的蒋介石,其学潮应对却是无解的困局。首先,蒋难以有效控制党内各级干部,甚或各派系为争权夺利主动参与乃至组织学潮,蒋受主客观环境困扰,无法有效消除派系政治的破坏性影响。同时,蒋学潮认知思维模式固化,过于强调中共的领导作用,忽视了学生合理诉求与党内弊端。而蒋在处理各类学潮的过程中,没有清晰的应对策略,往往在制裁与疏导、纵容与压制之间犹豫不决,国民政府在各地连续不断的学生抗议声中迈向崩溃的边缘。     

另类社会空间:中国边疆移民社会主要特殊性透视(1644-1949)

边疆社会存在许多内地社会所不曾具有并且往往为学术界所忽视的文化现象。本文所使用的“边疆社会”的术语并不是简单地以地理范围为依据,而更主要的是企图从文化人类学角度揭示拉铁摩尔所谓的“边疆风格”(the frontier style)现象,与通常所谓的“边疆地区的社会”这一术语在内涵上大相径庭,可以作为透视边疆移民社会中“边疆化”诸多现象的概念工具。     

青海近代的农业垦殖与环境变迁(1840～1949)

近代是历史时期波及青海全省范围的大规模农业垦殖的起始阶段,从其发展历程来看可以分为衰落、恢复并快速发展和再度衰落三个时期。不同时期,人口数量、农垦的地域分布和水利事业发展均有所不同。近代农垦对青海环境变迁所造成的影响依然是局部的。     

Regulating commercial public service broadcasting: a case study of the marketization of Norwegian media policy

This article looks at the issues facing the regulation of commercial public service broadcasting in Norway. A document analysis of the 2010 renegotiation process to renew TV 2’s public service licence illuminates how a general marketization affects the regulation of the television sector. This process comments on Hallin and Mancini’s model of democratic corporatism in the Nordic countries regarding the power of the state to regulate private media enterprises as cultural institutions. As such, the process of commercialization should include not only the broadcasting sector, but also the political sector. As part of a solution to retain TV 2’s licence agreement, the government effectively had to re‐regulate the cable distribution sector. This case study demonstrates not only the enduring strength and value of the public service institution in a political context, but also the extent to which regulation is guided by technical and economic forces to sustain democratic considerations.     

上海城市记忆中的孙中山(1925—1949)

近代上海对于孙中山逝世后的记忆有其独特的历史发展轨迹。第一次国共合作破裂前,国民党左、右派系的党统之争喧宾夺主,成为上海一地孙中山纪念活动的主题。1927—1937年,"大上海计划"取得的市政成就多假中山之名、行建设之实,事实上与孙中山崇拜运动的关系并不深。抗日战争全面爆发后,孙中山作为夺取政权与实施统治的象征符号,历经毁灭与重塑,遭遇反复争夺。以近代上海为案例研究,可见城市个性与孙中山崇拜运动多重互动的复杂面相。上海的孙中山纪念遗存较少,其间隐藏着深层的历史成因,既可归因于上海长期保持着"一市三治"的城市格局,又与南京国民政府对上海华界的城市定位密切相关。     

Taxonomy and historical inertia: Clidastes (Squamata: Mosasauridae) as a case study of problematic paleobiological taxonomy

I review the taxonomic history of two problematic mosasaur species, Clidastes liodontus and Clidastes moorevillensis. The genus Clidastes is thought to represent an early radiation of a diverse clade known as the Mosasaurinae. However, most phylogenetic analyses recover the genus as paraphyletic with respect to more highly nested mosasaurines such as Mosasaurus, Prognathodon, and Globidens. The fragmentary holotype of Clidastes liodontus was never figured or fully described, and was destroyed in World War II. Over 20 years after destruction of the holotype, relatively complete specimens were referred to Clidastes liodontus based upon a single, variable character. Another taxon, originally designated Clidastes liodontus moorevillensis in a master’s thesis and then elevated to Clidastes moorevillensis in a separate dissertation, has never been formally described and lacks definitive diagnostic characters that differentiate it from the contemporary concept of Clidastes liodontus. Clidastes provides an excellent example of how historical inertia in taxonomic nomenclature can build over decades and skew our interpretations of the diversity, paleobiology, biogeography, and biostratigraphy of a taxon. Clidastes liodontus is a nomen dubium and Clidastes moorevillensis a nomen nudum. I recommend that both names be abandoned. Removal of those names frees us from a burdensome taxonomy and eliminates cognitive biases that hinder objective understanding and exploration of early-diverging mosasaurines, and is a necessary first step toward a taxonomic revision of the lineage(s) involved.     

Crises of witnessing: Edith Thomas and the war years

Thomas, E., Le Témoin compromis (Paris: Editions Viviane Hamy, 1995), 235pp., 129F..ISBN2 87858 062 1

Thomas, E., Pages de Journal 1939–1944 suivies de Journal intime de Monsieur Célestin Costedet (Paris: Viviane Hamy, 1995), 333pp., 159F., ISBN 2 87858 063 X     

The Paths of the European Conquest of the Atlantic: Osteological Evidence of Warfare and Violence in Gran Canaria (XV Century)

European expansion in the Atlantic in the Late Middle Ages often implied the use of violence, involving tactics and weaponry unknown to some of the affected populations. Among the first places to suffer this violence were the Canary Islands, whose conquest lasted the whole of the 15th century. Documentary information about this historical episode is abundant, whereas archaeological evidence testifying to it is very rare. However, an individual from an indigenous funerary context of Gran Canaria (placed in a collective burial cave and wrapped in a shroud made of vegetable fibres) displays a large number of wounds, both on his skull and on the rest of the skeleton, probably caused by swords, suggesting a mortal attack conducted by one or more aggressors. Based on the study of injuries, it is considered a potential explanation of their origin, concluding that most likely this case may be associated with the process of the conquest of the Island. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

民国时期的《贵州日报》(1940-1949)

二十世纪四十年代的《贵州日报》与今天的中共贵州省委机关报《贵州日报》除了名字恰巧相同外,内容与性质上没有任何联系。其版式编排与国民党《中央日报》大体相同,体现出当时报纸的一般形式,内容上所涵盖的范围大致与今天的综合性报纸相当,以反映本省新闻为其一大特点。内容上具有浓郁的本土色彩,版面安排上也体现出强烈的时代特征,是观察当时贵阳市民生活、了解西部媒体发展的一面镜子。