再谈雕版印刷术的发明

关于中国雕版印刷术的发明,古今中外很多学者参加了讨论,提出了种种说法,但迄今尚无绝对令人信服的结论.     

张元幹词风格浅论

张元斡是两宋之交重要的词人,南渡后他一方面因个性和时代的关系,在词作中承袭了苏轼词对主体情性的突出和高扬,将个人的情感抒发拓宽到对国家民族、时政的感慨,给词坛带来了新的气象;另一方面受传统词学观念的影响,尤其是受到北宋末期周邦彦等人富丽精工、沉郁顿挫的词风的熏染,在词中大量用典,引用或化用前人诗句、诗意,精于练字遣词,结构回环曲折,更多地呈现出婉约的风格。主要原因是他以真性情贯注其中,加上高洁的人品、丰富的学识、曲折的经历,自然形成了磊落之气,以气驭词,使词的风格随着具体情性的变化,在不同的题材里呈现出不同的面貌。从以上角度评价他上承东坡,下启稼轩应该更为合理,而不仅仅局限于词风的豪放和词境的开拓。     

Some notes on water supply in South India

This Article investigates the assertion by many Indian agronomists that methods of water management advocated by various Research Institutes are not being applied in the field. The sample village studies on the coastal plain around Madras and in the Cumbum Valley to the West of Madurai were carried out in 1969. Particular reference is also made to the Coimbatore Agricultural Research Centre in Tamilnad and the value of informed leadership in the villages of South India. “Although India can boast of her gigantic feats in the storage of water for irrigation and the distribution thereof in well planned channel systems, her performance in the actual application within the field continues to be outdated”. — (A. P. Bhattacharya¹).     

海盗的发明——自助餐

北欧,斯堪的纳维亚半岛。几个世纪以前,这里是著名的海盗窝。每当一次出海凯旋,海盗们总会大摆筵席大肆庆祝。但,对海盗来说,当时就餐的繁文缛节只是有所耳闻,他们不习惯甚至不了解,相反,他们要的只是尽兴!于是撇开各种对束手缚脚,到摆满食物的桌子上自选、自取享用的方式,大受欢迎。最初这被上流社会排斥的就餐方式,在18世纪被法国得到兴起,并且迅速在欧美各国流传开来。之后的西餐业者将它文明化和规范化,便有了今天的＂自助餐＂,有时,也称冷餐会。     

Convergence/divergence hypotheses of governments' activities: Some methodological considerations

This contribution to comparative politics — and to Australian state politics in particular — provides an initial brief review of the broader significance of the convergence/divergence hypotheses for the study of politics, and of some general methodological considerations. The essay continues by giving critical attention to the use of various indicators of governments' activities (organisations, portfolios, laws, and expenditure). It then moves to address the special requirements of testing for policy convergence/divergence, and concludes by discussing the research implications of policy area‐specific changes in governments' activities.     

《左传》记事终止时间辨正

关于《左传》的记事终止时间,现在流行的《中国文学史》和《古代汉语》教材中存在两种不同的说法:一种认为迄于鲁哀公二十七年,即公元前468年;一种认为迄于鲁悼公四年,即公元前453年。结合《左传》一书的自身性质、编写体例、行文风格、古书通例等因素综合考察,鲁悼公四年和有关战国预言史料并不能作为记事终止时间的根据。《左传》的记事年代是和《春秋》大体一致的,最终止于鲁哀公二十七年,即公元前468年。但在流传过程中也间杂有一些战国史料。     

上海博物馆藏《战国楚竹书(一)·孔子诗论》解诂(一)

本文是以传统训诂学的方式对上海古籍出版社新近出版的<上海博物馆藏<战国楚竹书(一)·孔子诗论>>第1-5简简文的逐句训解.训解中,在求其通的同时,对<诗论>的作者以及一些重要字、句的含义提出了新的看法,力求尽可能发覆<诗论>真意.     

Lions and birds as literature. Some notes on Isaiah 31 and Hosea 11

Abstract

A certain combination of animal metaphors found in two different texts, Isaiah 31 and Hosea 11, has caused considerable scholarly confusion. Additional similarities as well as dissimilarities between the texts are presented, but the intertextual question is left open. Instead an attempt is made to analyze the metaphors in their context. The analysis is based on modern metaphor theory and the concept of genre allusion (in relation to the theophany Gattung). It is suggested that the metaphors in Isaiah 31 are related to the symbol of the cherubs, while Hosea 11,10–11 contains deliberate reversals of other Hosean passages.