The State as Naive Entrepreneur: The Political Economy of Export Promotion in Brazil and Tunisia

Export-promotion strategies based on the success of the East Asian newly industrializing countries have been proffered in the 1990s to middle-income countries in Latin America. Africa, and Asia. This article argues that far from untried, export-promotion policies were attempted in Brazil and Tunisia in the 1960s and 1970s, with only limited long-term success. The problem of export promotion in these two countries are attributed to the lack of strategic export policies, the political costs of changing policy in a more effective direction, and the reliance on a few products and markets.     

Book Reviews

International relations and organizations
Security and the military dimension
Politics, social affairs and law
Ethnicity and cultural politics
Political economy, economics and development
Energy and environment
History
Europe
Russia and the former Soviet republics
Middle East and North Africa
Sub-Saharan Africa
Asia and Pacific
North America
Latin America and Caribbean     

拉丁美洲军人干政国家的军人与民主

拉丁美洲军人干政国家中的军人是影响国家民主和民主化的重要因素之一。短期来看,拉丁美洲军人干政国家中军人对民主化的作用是不确定的：军人有时安邦定国为民主化奠定基础,有时践踏宪政成为民主化的障碍。军人干政不代表堵死民主化之路;军人返回军营也不代表通向民主化坦途。长远来看,军人干政不具备终极合法性,民主巩固的结果将是文人领军和宪政。在民主转型中的拉丁美洲军人干政国家,一方面民主转型是大势所趋,另一方面军人干政并未销声匿迹。民主的推行需要合理利用军人的积极作用,以形成独特的民主模式。     

Book reviews

Book reviews in this article: International Relations theory The logic of violence in civil war. By Stathis N. Kalyvas . The Oxford handbook of contextual political analysis. Edited by Robert E. Goodin and Charles H. Tilly . The Oxford handbook of political theory. Edited by John S. Dryzek, Bonnie Honig and Anne Phillips . International law and organization Terrorism and the state: rethinking the rules of state responsibility. By Tal Becker . Humanitarian intervention. Edited by Terry Nardin and Melissa S. Williams . Managing the challenges of WTO participation: 45 case studies. Edited by Peter Gallagher, Patrick Low and Andrew L. Stoler . Between peril and promise: the politics of international law. By J. Martin Rochester . Promoting the rule of law abroad: in search of knowledge. Edited by Thomas Carothers . Foreign policy Deterring America: rogue states and the proliferation of weapons of mass destruction. By Derek Smith . Bush and Asia: America's evolving relations with East Asia. Edited by Mark Beeson . Old Europe, new Europe and the US: renegotiating transatlantic security in the post 9/11 era. Edited by Tom Lansford and Blagovest Tashev . Conflict, security and armed forces Cobra II: the inside story of the invasion and occupation of Iraq. By Michael R. Gordon and General Bernard E. Trainor . Fiasco: the American military adventure in Iraq. By Thomas E. Ricks . Preventive attack and weapons of mass destruction: a comparative historical analysis. By Lyle J. Goldstein . In the name of terrorism: presidents on political violence in the post‐World War II era. By Carol K. Winkler . Politics, democracy and social affairs Corruption: anthropological perspectives. Edited by Dieter Haller and Cris Shore . Cambiare regime. La sinistra e gli ultimi 45 dittatori. By Christian Rocca . Political economy, economics and development How we compete: what companies around the world are doing to make it in today's global economy. By Suzanne Berger. Ethnicity and cultural politics Islamic imperialism: a history. By Efraim Karsh . The Kurds in Turkey: EU accession and human rights. By Kerim Yildiz . History The ends of British imperialism: the scramble for empire, Suez and decolonization. By Wm Roger Louis . Among the dead cities: was the Allied bombing of civilians in WWII a necessity or a crime? By A. C. Grayling . Total Cold War: Eisenhower's secret propaganda battle at home and abroad. By Kenneth Osgood . Congress and the Cold War. By Robert David Johnson . Europe The will to survive: a history of Hungary. By Bryan Cartledge . Russia and Eurasia Revolution in orange: the origins of Ukraine's democratic breakthrough. Edited by Anders Åslund and Michael McFaul . Middle East and North Africa Confronting Iran. By Ali M. Ansari . Syria and Iran: diplomatic alliance and power politics in the Middle East. By Jubin Goodarzi . Islam, democracy and the state in Algeria: lessons for the Western Mediterranean and beyond. Edited by Michael Bonner, Megan Reif and Mark Tessler . Sub‐Saharan Africa Thabo Mbeki and the battle for the sould of the ANC. By William Mervin Gumede . The other side of history: an anecdotal reflection on political transition in South Africa. By Frederik van Zyl Slabbert . Asia and Pacific Bangladesh: the next Afghanistan? By Hiranmay Karlekar . North America State of war: the secret history of the CIA and the Bush administration. By James Risen . The United States and right‐wing dictatorships. By David F. Schmitz . Latin America and Caribbean When states kill: Latin America, the US and technologies of terror. Edited by Cecilia Menjívar and Néstor Rodríguez . Contesting citizenship in Latin America: the rise of indigenous movements and the postliberal challenge. By Deborah J. Yashar .     

变动中的东亚地缘政治与美国东亚政策的演变

近年来,伴随着中国的快速发展和东亚地缘政治格局的变化,美国加快了向东亚转移战略力量的步伐,这一动向值得中国关注。本文通过对近代以来东亚地缘政治格局的变化进行分析,系统梳理了美国东亚政策的来龙去脉及其主线,并对美国东亚政策的未来走向进行了预研。     

The Food Resources of the Capitalist World

The author discusses a major research program now under way at the Institute of Geography, covering food production and consumption in the developed industrial nations and in the newly independent countries. Under investigation are ways of expanding food resources in the developing countries of Asia, Africa, and Latin America; overcoming the food deficit and reliance on food imports of African countries; and creating a diversified agriculture combining both export crops to finance economic development and food output for domestic consumption.     

Introduction: Transnational retail and the global economy

The fastest retail-system transformation in history has beensweeping across the emerging markets of East Asia, Central andEastern Europe, and Latin America over the past decade withprofound impacts on economies and societies in those regions.Conceptualized by researchers in development studies and agriculturaleconomics as the ‘supermarket revolution in developingcountries’ (see, for example, Reardon et al., 2003; Reardon,2005; Reardon and Hopkins, 2006; Humphrey, 2007; Reardon etal., 2007), that transformation has been driven not only bydemand-side forces such as urbanization and income growth inthe emerging markets, but also by supply-side forces such     

How Peasants Become Revolutionaries: Some Cases from Latin America and Southeast Asia

Most of the material used in this article was collected while the author worked for ILO in Latin America and Southeast Asia. The opinions expressed are those of the author. This is a revised version of a paper that will be published in World Anthropology, Proceedings of the IXth International Conference of Anthropological and Ethnological Sciences 1973 (Mouton, forthcoming).     

New Globalism, New Urbanism: Gentrification as Global Urban Strategy

This paper uses several events in New York in the late 1990s to launch two central arguments about the changing relationship between neoliberal urbanism and so–called globalization. First, much as the neoliberal state becomes a consummate agent of—rather than a regulator of—the market, the new revanchist urbanism that replaces liberal urban policy in cities of the advanced capitalist world increasingly expresses the impulses of capitalist production rather than social reproduction. As globalization bespeaks a rescaling of the global, the scale of the urban is recast. The true global cities may be the rapidly growing metropolitan economies of Asia, Latin America, and (to a lesser extent) Africa, as much as the command centers of Europe, North America and Japan. Second, the process of gentrification, which initially emerged as a sporadic, quaint, and local anomaly in the housing markets of some command–center cities, is now thoroughly generalized as an urban strategy that takes over from liberal urban policy. No longer isolated or restricted to Europe, North America, or Oceania, the impulse behind gentrification is now generalized; its incidence is global, and it is densely connected into the circuits of global capital and cultural circulation. What connects these two arguments is the shift from an urban scale defined according to the conditions of social reproduction to one in which the investment of productive capital holds definitive precedence.     

Book reviews

Books reviewed in this issue. International Relations theory Hegemony in international society. The problem of harm in world politics: theoretical investigations. The invention of International Relations theory: Realism, the Rockefeller Foundation, and the 1954 conference on theory. International law, human rights and ethics The last utopia: human rights in history. International law, security and ethics: policy challenges in the post‐9/11 world. International organization and foreign policy Humanitarianism contested: where angels fear to tread. Humanitarian intervention: a history. The future of power. A contest for supremacy: China, America, and the struggle for mastery in Asia. Conflict, security and defence Military Orientalism: eastern war through western eyes. Governance, civil society and cultural politics Women under Islam: gender, justice and the politics of Islamic law. Political economy, economics and development Global poverty: how global governance is failing the poor. Global governance, poverty and inequality. Energy, resources and environment China, oil and global politics. China's energy relations with the developing world. The Routledge handbook of energy security. Food security. History Berlin 1961: Kennedy, Khrushchev, and the most dangerous place on earth. Who killed Hammarskjöld? The UN, the Cold War and white supremacy in Africa. Documents on British policy overseas, series I, volume IX: The Nordic countries: from war to Cold War, 1944–1951. All hell let loose: the world at war 1939–45. Europe The US–EU security relationship: the tensions between a European and a global agenda. Cultures of border control: Schengen and the evolution of European frontiers. Immigration and conflict in Europe. Les diplomates: derrière la façade des ambassades de France. Civic and uncivic values: Serbia in the post‐Milosevic era. Russia and Eurasia Popular support for an undemocratic regime: the changing views of Russians. Middle East and North Africa The Arab revolution: ten lessons from the democratic uprising. Iran, the Green Movement and the USA: the fox and the paradox. The other side of the mirror: an American travels through Syria. Sub‐Saharan Africa Season of rains: Africa in the world. Inventing Africa: history, archaeology and ideas. South Africa pushed to the limit: the political economy of change. Oil and insurgency in the Niger Delta: managing the complex politics of petroviolence. Consuming the Congo: war and conflict minerals in the world's deadliest place. South Asia Does the elephant dance? Contemporary Indian foreign policy. Religion, caste and politics in India. Secularizing Islamists? Jama'at‐e‐Islami and Jama'at‐ud‐Da'wa in urban Pakistan. The wrong war: grit, strategy, and the way out of Afghanistan. East Asia and Pacific Where China meets India: Burma and the new crossroads of Asia. China in 2020: a new type of superpower. From Mao to market: China reconfigured. Latin America and Caribbean The rise of Evo Morales and the MAS. From rebellion to reform in Bolivia: class struggle, indigenous liberation, and the politics of Evo Morales. Evo Morales and the Movimiento al Socialismo in Bolivia: the first term in context, 2006–2010. Latin America and global capitalism: a critical globalization perspective. Latin American foreign policies: between ideology and pragmatism.     

Performing Buddhist Modernity: The Lumbini Festival, Tokyo 1925

This paper looks at the 1920s Tokyo transformation of hanamatsuri (the celebration of the Buddha's birthday) from a local observance to a mass public spectacle. The Lumbini Festival was a performance of Buddhist modernity orchestrated to promote links between Japan and Asia and present Japan as leader of Asia. The Lumbini Festival appeared in 1925, the same year as did the Young East , an English language journal published in Tokyo to promote the trans-Asian Buddhist fellowship. Neither was a state initiative, but both nevertheless contributed to the formation and naturalisation of links between Japan and its Asian neighbours and the development of the Japanese empire. The Lumbini festival naturalised Buddhist brotherhood in Tokyo; the Young East , by reporting it through Asia and the West, promoted ideas of their shared Buddhist heritage, and of a Buddhist basis for social reform and Asian modernity.     

Book reviews

Book reviewed in this issue. International Relations theory A cultural theory of International Relations. By Richard Ned Lebow. Peace in International Relations. By Oliver P. Richmond. Theorising international society: English School methods. Edited by Cornelia Navari. Political thought and international relations: variations on a realist theme. Edited by Duncan Bell. Human rights and ethics Contemporary human rights ideas. By Bertrand G. Ramcharan. Resentment's virtue: Jean Améry and the refusal to forgive. By Thomas Brudholm. Unsettling accounts: neither truth nor reconciliation in confessions of state violence. By Leigh A. Payne. International law and organization Chasing the flame: Sergio Vieira de Mello and the fight to save the world. By Samantha Power. Civil war and the rule of law: security, development, human rights. Edited by Agnès Hurwitz with Reyko Huang. Foreign policy The crisis of American foreign policy: Wilsonianism in the twenty‐first century. By G. John Ikenberry, Thomas J. Knock, Anne‐Marie Slaughter and Tony Smith. To lead the world: American strategy after the Bush doctrine. Edited by Melvyn P. Leffler and Jeffrey W. Legro. The foreign policy of the European Union. By Stephan Keukeleire and Jennifer MacNaughtan. Conflict, security and armed forces The security dilemma: fear, cooperation and trust in world politics. By Ken Booth and Nicholas J. Wheeler. The politics of ethnic cleansing: nation‐state building and provision of in/security in twentieth‐century Balkans. By Klejda Mulaj. Thinking about nuclear weapons: principles, problems, prospects. By Michael Quinlan. Just and unjust warriors: the moral and legal status of soldiers. Edited by David Rodin and Henry Shue. Dimensions of counter‐insurgency: applying experience to practice. Edited by Tim Benbow and Rod Thornton. Counter‐insurgency in modern warfare. Edited by Daniel Marston and Carter Malkasian. The politics of space security: strategic restraint and the pursuit of national interests. By James Clay Moltz. Politics, democracy and social affairs The Al Jazeera effect: how the new global media are reshaping world politics. By Philip Seib. To keep or to change first past the post?: the politics of electoral reform. Edited by André Blais. Political economy, economics and development Dead aid: why aid is not working and how there is another way for Africa. By Dambisa Moyo. The new global trading order: the evolving state and the future of trade. By Dennis Patterson and Ari Afilalo. Governing agrobiodiversity: plant genetics and developing countries. By Regine Andersen. Ethnicity and cultural politics The new frontiers of jihad: radical Islam in Europe. By Alison Pargeter. The politics of secularism in International Relations. By Elizabeth Shakman Hurd. Pariah politics: understanding western radical Islamism and what should be done. By Shamit Saggar. Energy and environment Biosecurity interventions: global health and security in question. Edited by Andrew Lakoff and Stephen J. Collier. History Berlin in the Cold War, 1948–1990: documents on British policy overseas, series III, volume V. Edited by Keith Hamilton, Patrick Salmon and Stephen Twigge. Nixon, Kissinger, and U.S. foreign policy making: the machinery of crisis. By Asaf Siniver. Reagan, Bush, Gorbachev: revisiting the end of the Cold War. By Norman A. Graebner, Richard Dean Burns and Joseph M. Siracusa. Europe Europe: the state of the union. By Anand Menon. Europe's last frontier? Belarus, Moldova, and Ukraine between Russia and the European Union. Edited by Oliver Schmidtke and Serhy Yekelchyk. Russia and Eurasia Russie: l'envers du pouvoir. By Marie Mendras. Russia and the Balkans: foreign policy from Yeltsin to Putin. By James Headley. Middle East and North Africa Saharan conflict: towards territorial autonomy as a right to democratic self‐determination. By Abdelhamid El Ouali. A choice of enemies: America confronts the Middle East. By Lawrence Freedman. Power and succession in Arab monarchies: a reference guide. By Joseph A. Kéchichian. Sub‐Saharan Africa Do bicycles equal development in Mozambique? By Joseph Hanlon and Teresa Smart. Asia and Pacific The clash within: democracy, religious violence, and India's future. By Martha C. Nussbaum. Partisans of Allah: jihad in South Asia. By Ayesha Jalal. Organizations at war in Afghanistan and beyond. By Abdulkader H. Sinno. ‘More than an ally’? Contemporary Australia–US relations. By Maryanne Kelton. The rise of China and international security: America and Asia respond. Edited by Kevin J. Cooney and Yoichiro Sato. North America American power and the prospects for international order. By Simon Bromley. Latin America and Caribbean The Cambridge history of Latin America: Volume IX, Brazil since 1930. Edited by Leslie Bethell. Radical democracy in the Andes. By Donna Lee van Cott. The United States and Latin America after the Cold War. By Russell C. Crandall.     

Book reviews

Book reviewed in this article: Human rights and ethics Inventing human rights: a history. By Lynn Hunt. Ethics in action: the ethical challenges of international human rights non‐govermental organizations. Edited by Daniel A. Bell and Jean‐Marc Coicaud. International law and organization Humanitarian intervention: ideas in action. Thomas G. Weiss. The United Nations, peace and security: from collective security to the responsibility to protect. By Ramesh Thakur. The handbook of reparations. Edited by Pablo De Greiff. Foreign policy Congress and the US—China relationship, 1949–1979. By Guangqiu Xu. Conflict, security and armed forces International organizations and peace enforcement: the politics of international legitimacy. By Katharina P. Coleman. Politics, democracy and social affairs Patrons, clients and policies: patterns of democratic accountability and political competition. Edited by Herbert Kitschelt and Steven I. Wilkinson. Communism and the emergence of democracy. By Harald Wydra. The Orange Order: a contemporary Northern Irish history. By Eric P. Kaufmann. Ethnicity and cultural politics Migration and its enemies: global capital, migrant labour and the nation‐state. By Robin Cohen. Political conflict and development in East Asia and Latin America. Edited by Richard Boyd, Galjart Benno and Tak‐Wing Ngo. Poverty traps. Edited by Samuel Bowles, Steven N. Durlauf and Karla Hoff. Immigrants: your country needs them. By Philippe Legrain. Energy and environment Keeping the lights on: towards sustainable electricity. By Walt Patterson. History George Kennan: a study of character. By John Lukacs. From Roosevelt to Truman: Potsdam, Hiroshima and the Cold War. By Wilson D. Miscamble. Conflict and stability in the German Democratic Republic. By Andrew I. Port. Europe The uniting of nations: an essay on global governance. By John McClintock. War and change in the Balkans: nationalism, conflict and cooperation. Edited by Brad K. Blitz. Russia and Eurasia The birth of Tajikistan: national identity and the origins of the republic. By Paul Bergne. Middle East and North Africa Building a new Afghanistan. Edited by Robert I. Rotberg. Barriers to democracy: the other side of social capital in Palestine and the Arab world. By Amaney A. Jamal. Iran and the bomb: the abdication of international responsibility. By Thérèse Delpech. The ethnic cleansing of Palestine. By Ilan Pappé. The future for Palestinian refugees: toward equity and peace. By Michael Dumper. Ruling but not governing: the military and political development in Egypt, Algeria and Turkey. By Steven A. Cook. Sub‐Saharan Africa Poisoned wells: the dirty politics of African oil. By Nicholas Shaxson. Globalization, negotiation and the failure of transformation in South Africa: revolution at a bargain? By Michael H. Allen. Untapped: the scramble for Africa's oil. By John Ghazvinian. Opposing voices: liberalism and opposition in South Africa today. Edited by Milton Shain. Asia and Pacific China's rise and the balance of influence in Asia. Edited by William W. Keller and Thomas G. Rawski. How China grows: investment, finance and reform. By James Riedel, Jing Jin and Jian Gao. North America Security first: for a muscular, moral foreign policy. By Amitai Etzioni. Regime change: US strategy through the prism of 9/11. By Robert Litwak. The American ascendancy: how the United States gained and wielded global dominance. By Michael H. Hunt. Latin America and Caribbean From Pinochet to the ‘third way’: neoliberalism and social transformation in Chile. By Marcus Taylor. The Chávez code: cracking US intervention in Venezuela. By Eva Golinger.     

东亚经济危机与东亚发展模式新探

本文从三个方面论述了东亚经济发展模式。首先,从历史的角度分析了东亚经济发展模式的产生、特点及其局限性。然后,进一步指出在经济全球化和信息化加速发展新的历史条件下,东亚发展模式已不能适应时代发展的要求,东亚发展模式与这次东亚经济危机存在着内在的必然的联系。最后,对东亚经济发展模式的发展与变革提出了自己的观点。     

美国芝加哥艺术学院藏中国陶瓷艺术品

美国芝加哥艺术学院位于芝加哥密歇根大道亚当街区,它是美国顶尖的艺术教育机构之一,由博物馆和学校两部分组成,建校于1866年。由于地处交通方便、学术风气自由的国际化大都市,各种国际性的展览以及学术交流讲座多以芝加哥艺术学院为中心开展。艺术学院的博物馆以收藏大量印象派作品以及美国艺术品著称,     

Visualising Traces of the Past in Latin America*

The articles included in this special issue address the shifting relationship between traces of the past and photography in Latin America from the nineteenth century to the present day. Looking at different forms of materiality and trace in Latin America, from pre-Columbian remains to body art and industrial ruins, this issue also understands photographs as material objects that ‘act’ within particular visual economies. In this introduction, we offer some brief reflections on ruins and ruination in Latin America, and on the relationship between photography and the past.     

联合跨界合作演进特征及驱动机制研究

区域经济一体化发展背景下,为改善地区间贸易开放程度,提升整体竞争力和促进跨行政边界生产要素流动,欧洲、北美和东亚地区已形成多个联合跨界合作区域。传统区位理论认为边界地区不利于形成产业集聚,但联合跨界合作区域受行政边界渗透和隔绝效应的共同影响,面临"市场潜力"和"市场竞争"间博弈,因地制宜形成独特发展模式。从联合跨界合作的动因出发,对影响要素进行研究,总结了典型模式及其驱动机制。研究表明联合跨界合作需因地制宜,全面分析地区投入产出关系,根据实际情况选择适宜的空间管治模式。     

Book reviews

Books reviewed in this issue. International Relations theory Realism and world politics. Edited by Ken Booth. Worlds in transition: evolving governance across a stressed planet. By Joseph A. Camilleri and Jim Falk. International law, human rights and ethics The handbook of the international law of military operations. Edited by Terry D. Gill and Dieter Fleck. International organization and foreign policy Latin America facing China: South–South relations beyond the Washington Consensus. Edited by Alex E. Fernández Jilberto and Barbara Hogenboom. Conflict, security and defence Why nations fight: past and future motives for war. By Richard Ned Lebow. On art and war and terror. By Alex Danchev. The insurgent archipelago: from Mao to Bin Laden. By John Mackinlay. Counterinsurgency. By David J. Kilcullen. Morality and war: can war be just in the twenty‐first century? By David Fisher. Governance, civil society and cultural politics Children of Abraham at war: the clash of Messianic militarisms. By Talmiz Ahmad. Political economy, economics and development Losing control: the emerging threats to western prosperity. By Stephen D. King. How big banks fail and what to do about it. By Darrell Duffie. Energy, resources and environment Oil, dollars, debt and crises: the global curse of black gold. By Mahmoud A. El‐Gamal and Amy Myers Jaffe. History The generalissimo: Chiang Kai‐shek and the struggle for modern China. By Jay Taylor. After Hiroshima: the United States, race and nuclear weapons in Asia, 1945–1965. By Matthew Jones. Afgantsy: the Russians in Afghanistan 1979–89. By Rodric Braithwaite. Hotel Trópico: Brazil and the challenge of African decolonization, 1950–1980. By Jerry Dávila. The last Ottomans: the Muslim minority of Greece, 1940–1949. By Kevin Featherstone, Dimitris Papadimitriou, Argyris Mamarelis and Georgios Niarchos. Europe The European Union and human security: external interventions and missions. Edited by Mary Martin and Mary Kaldor. Russia and Eurasia The Caucasus: an introduction. By Thomas de Waal. Let our fame be great: journeys among the defiant people of the Caucasus. By Oliver Bullough. Oil is not a curse: ownership structure and institutions in Soviet successor states. By Pauline Jones Luong and Erika Weinthal. Resource curse and post‐Soviet Eurasia: oil, gas, and modernization. Edited by Vladimir Gel'man and Otar Marganiya. Middle East and North Africa A history of the Egyptian Intelligence Service: a history of the mukhabarat, 1910–2009. By Owen L. Sirrs. Power and policy in Syria: intelligence services, foreign relations and democracy in the modern Middle East. By Radwan Ziadeh. The Kurdish policy imperative. Edited by Robert Lowe and Gareth Stansfield. Sub‐Saharan Africa Sortir de la grande nuit: essai sur l'Afrique décolonisée. By Achille Mbembe. South Asia Deadly embrace: Pakistan, America and the future of global jihad. By Bruce Riedel. The scorpion's tail: the relentless rise of Islamic militants in Pakistan—and how it threatens America. By Zahid Hussain. East Asia and Pacific East Asia before the West: five centuries of trade and tribute. By David C. Kang. Myanmar/Burma: inside challenges, outside interests. Edited by Lex Rieffel. Inside the red box: North Korea's post‐totalitarian politics. By Patrick McEachern. Witness to transformation: refugee insights into North Korea. By Stephan Haggard and Marcus Noland. Chinese strategic thought toward Asia. By Gilbert Rozman. North America The great American mission: modernization and the construction of an American world order. By David Ekbladh. Latin America and Caribbean Cheddi Jagan and the politics of power: British Guiana's struggle for independence. By Colin A. Palmer. Toledo's Peru: vision and reality. By Ronald Bruce St John.     

Regime Complexity and the Institutions of Crisis and Development Finance

The theory of regime complexity offers a useful lens through which to analyse the increasing density of international institutions and the patterns of conflict and cooperation among them. Scholarship on crisis and development finance would benefit from more fully employing this approach to explain the emergence of overlapping institutions and offer recommendations for designing regime complexes. The theory advanced here emphasizes the strategies of key states to use institutional overlap to limit agency ‘drift’ away from their preferences. Prioritizing control often comes at the cost of conflict among the institutions, however, and can thus impede the achievement of financial stability and development goals. The regime complexity approach is distinct from the rational design of institutions, institutional experimentalism and theoretical realism. Drawing on lessons from the euro crisis, this article offers informed conjectures on financial arrangements in the regions of Latin America and East Asia and their interaction with global multilateral institutions, such as the International Monetary Fund.     

Southern Unionism and the New Labour Internationalism

The paper traces the genesis of SIGTUR, a new network/organization of southern unions that has been built over the past decade, which brings together democratic unions from Latin America, Southern Africa, Asia and Australasia. The impact of neoliberal globalisation has spurred this action, and Australian unions—with their rich tradition of labour internationalism—have been at the forefront. The paper shows how the initial hostility of the established trade union internationals has been transformed into strategic alliances as the internationals have come to value SIGTUR's campaign orientation. The paper argues that SIGTUR has continued to expand because of its strong emphasis on internal democracy. The new southern alliance is one instance of a search for a new form of unionism—global social movement unionism—that may offer greater scope for a more effective resistance to the logic of globalisation. In the new millennium, this search is critical if unions are to rekindle the vision and the confidence that drove the early movement.