FOREIGH TRADE: 50 Years of Expansion

In the past 50 years, Tibet has made a big leap forward in foreign trade, which has become a major part of the region's economic life, and plays a vital role in Tibet's economic construction, social development and social stability. From Barter to Ocean-going Trade in the 1950sWhen Tibet won peaceful liberation in 1951, the region was poor. Foreign trade featured barter at several cross-border spots. Goods involved in the barter trade included farm produce, livestock products, minerals, tex…     

Northeast Brazil 1700-50: The agricultural crisis re-examined

The period from 1700 to 1750 was one of dramatic change in Brazil. The two major elements in the change were the beginning of gold production in the highlands of present-day Minas Gerais and later in Goiás and Mato Grosso and a decline in agriculture in the coastal areas of the Northeast. In the historiography of Brazil these changes have been interrelated, the one as cause, the other as effect. In so doing, historians have paid little attention to the date of the agricultural depression or to the geographical variations in the intensity of the decline. In this paper I propose to examine the stages of that decline more closely and to try to determine the significance of the discovery of gold as a cause by comparing its role to that of other possible cause such as drought, political instability and, with the emergence of other more competitive centres of sugar production, declining sugar prices. I will show that the agricultural depression in the Northeast came long after the initial discoveries of gold and will argue that the price of sugar rather than the effects of a gold rush was the crucial variable in the timing of the depression.     

《史学集刊》创刊1956—2006 50周年纪念

今年是《史学集刊》创刊50周年。50年前,这份学术刊物刚诞生时,即标举实事求是、探索创新的学术精神,坚持马克思主义基本原理,以传承学术薪火为旨要,以弘扬历史文化为皓的,孜孜追求学术研究的至臻境界,未曾稍懈。其间虽因故停刊,但1981年复刊后仍秉承初创时的办刊理路,不随波逐流,不趋时媚俗,惟学术质量至上,惟学术精神是求,于澹泊中践行求真、求实的学术真谛,为学界同人倾心营造纯洁雅致的学术家园。全体编辑人员愿继续奉此为圭臬,一如既往地为史学研究搭建进步的学术阶梯。     

MATHEMATICS,STATISTICS AND ARCHAEOMETRY: THE PAST 50 YEARS OR SO*

This review of developments in the use of mathematics and statistics in archaeometry over the past 50 years is partial, personal and ‘broad‐brush’. The view is expressed that it is in the past 30 years or so that the major developments have taken place. The view is also expressed that, with the exception of methods for analysing radiocarbon dates and increased computational power, mathematical and statistical methods that are currently used, and found to be useful in widespread areas of application such as provenance studies, don't differ fundamentally from what was being done 30 years ago.     

The Chinese Hukou System at 50

A noted American authority on urbanization in China presents a retrospective analysis of China's hukou (household registration) system on the occasion of the 50^th anniversary of its promulgation, reviewing the history of that system from a broad socio-political perspective. More specifically, the paper focuses on revealing trends in the development of the system over time and identifying many of its important ramifications for modern Chinese society, as well as on the impact of hukou on the country's industrialization, urbanization, and social and spatial stratification. The author argues that the hukou system now presents a major obstacle to China's quest to become a modern, first-world nation and global leader. Journal of Economic Literature, Classification Numbers: O180, O530, P200, R120. 2 figures, 3 tables, 111 references.     

《晚清民国经济史丛书》出版

这套丛书是中国社会科学院近代史研究所与香港商务印书馆旗下的商务印书馆(香港)网上书店有限公司共同发掘近代史所图书馆馆藏、合作出版近代史珍稀文献计划的第一部分。丛书全部采用高精度扫描,字体格式均完全按原书原貌印行。本丛书包括三方面的书籍:一、中国近代经济史基本状况及相关统计数据这一部分所选图书,多为当年的权威性调查研究而今不易见者。例如1908年两湖总督署藏版的《中国经济全书》,系两湖总督署特意组织翻译的日本人著作,是对晚清经济的客观分析及民众经济生活的调查。民国初年农商部组织编纂的《中华民国第一至第四次农…     

50 YEARS OF STATE AID TO TIBET

Given its restrictive natural and geographical conditions, Tibet remained backward in economic development for a long time. With the peaceful liberation of Tibet in 1951, the Central Government formulated policies geared to stimulate social and economic development in the region. From 1952 to 2000, the Central Government granted 47.49343 billion Yuan in aid of Tibet, and spent 31.0232 billion Yuan in infrastructure construction there. In 1984, the Second National Conference on Work in Ti…