The Karaghiozis Performance in Nineteenth-Century Greece

Abstract

Out of the vacuum of the sparsely developed dramatic environment of nineteenth-century Greece grew a performance totally unrelated to the largely literary and western-European oriented theatre of Athens under the influence of the king and his court. It was a performance which, unlike the literary theatre, aroused the interest of the common man through its use of folk tales, anecdotes, songs, dialects, costumes and characters as the basis of its presentation. Originating in the Turkish folk form Karagöz, the Greek performance, called Karaghiozis, found its roots in an entertainment with which Greeks both on the mainland and in other parts of the Balkans and Middle East were already familiar.     

Playing the Ghost: Ghost Hoaxing and Supernaturalism in Late Nineteenth-Century Victoria,Australia

This article employs a Jungian analytical perspective in its exploration of the phenomenon of ghost hoaxing in late nineteenth- and early twentieth-century colonial Victoria, Australia, as observed through its reportage in the print media of the era.     

Poverty,Emigration And Family: Experiencing Childhood Poverty In Late Nineteenth-Century Manchester

The Manchester and Salford Boys’ and Girls’ Refuge offered a place of sanctuary for destitute children. It expanded rapidly during the late-nineteenth century and established a number of homes that catered for a range of childhood needs. This article focuses on the experience of children admitted to the Refuge and subsequently emigrated from one of its orphan home. It considers the processes of child migration by examining the relationships between the home and the family. The analysis questions middle-class ideas about the parenting of poor families, the economic motives behind emigration, and introduces a number of case studies to evaluate whether emigration achieved its goal of leading children towards a respectable life away from the city.     

Symbols, Myth-Making, and Identity: The Red Hand of Ulster in Late Nineteenth-Century Paterson, New Jersey

Symbols are manipulated to express social identity and to reaffirm or create a sense of place. Smoking pipes recovered from late nineteenth-century privies in the Dublin Section of Paterson, New Jersey, bear the symbol of the Red Hand of Ulster. Today, the Red Hand of Ulster is ubiquitous on Unionist murals throughout Northern Ireland symbolizing Northern Irish Protestant identity. Originally, the Red Hand symbolized the dawn of the Irish High King of Ulster. In late-nineteenth-century Paterson, it is argued here, the symbol was embedded in ethnic politics involving the Irish Diaspora and Irish–American identity developed through the Gaelic revival and Irish–American organizations and labor unions.     

"The Defendant Has Seemed to Live a Charmed Life": Hopt v. Utah: Territorial Justice, The Supreme Court of the United States, and Late Nineteenth-Century Death Penalty Jurisprudence

On March 7, 1887, the Supreme Court of the United States decided Fred Hopt's fourth appeal to that Court. The Utah Territory murderer's conviction had been reversed three times over seven years-his "charmed life"-but this time both his luck and his legal argument had run out: his fourth conviction was upheld. Justice Stephen J. Field dismissed Hopt's four major claims: that several members of the jury were improperly seated in spite of bias; that a doctor's evidence of cause of death was beyond the scope of his expertise; that the trial judge's "reasonable doubt" jury instruction was inadequate; and that the prosecutor's reference to the "many times the case had been before the courts" was prejudicial. Five months later, on August 11, Hopt was executed by a firing squad in the yard of the Utah Penitentiary. Hopt was only one of over two thousand convicted criminals, mostly murderers, who were legally executed in the United States in the two decades between 1880 and 1900. However, his defense team of court-appointed Salt Lake City lawyers had kept him alive for seven years. During that time he had four jury trials, four appeals to the Supreme Court of Utah Territory, and four appeals to the Supreme Court of the United States. He is the only death penalty litigant ever to be the subject of four full opinions of the Supreme Court of the United States.     

Woman in Nineteenth-Century America

The political use of Woman as a universal category, transcending social divisions, has fallen into disrepute. Yet it is necessary, in looking at gender history, to understand not just its obfuscations but its sources and political effects. The essay proposes an intellectual and political history of the uses of the term Woman and a social history of the heterogeneous mixtures of women from different social groups who seized the term and gave it force. Discussing recent scholarship on white and Afro-American women, Stansell argues for the importance of moments of extravagant universalising to the history of women in politics.     

晚明商人借贷的利息率与商业性借贷的发展

商人借贷利息率的高低对商业性借贷的发展有直接的影响。晚明商人借贷的利息率总体上以低于年息36％为多,这一利率既大大低于消费性借贷的利息率,又低于市场平均利息率,一般均在法定利息率的范围之内。虽然商人借贷的利息率相对较低,但在风险机制的作用下,放贷者向商人放贷的积极性不会受到减损。又由于利率较低,商人借贷通常有利可图,因而商业性借贷能够得到发展。     

清末"就地正法"操作程序之考察

“就地正法”本意是指“于所在地执行死刑”,但到了晚清,这一用语成为特定的死刑程序的代名词。道光三十年(1851),太平天国运动爆发,风起云涌的农民军席卷全国,各地的马贼、盗匪等匪盗也随之猖獗起来,使本已失序的社会秩序更为混乱。为了应对政治危机、恢复统治秩序和社会治安,     

Folk Elements in Nineteenth-Century Puritanism

THE IDIOM OF THE PEOPLE. By JAMES REEVES. Heinemann, 1958. Pp. xii, 244. Reviewed by Margaret Dean-Smith.

EUSKALERRIKO IPUIÑAK: Basque Folktales. Edited with notes and Spanish versions by A. IRIGARAY. Itxaropena Argitaldaria, Zarauz, 1957. Pp. 225, 40 pesetas. Reviewed by P. L. Henry.

DAHOMEAN NARRATIVE. A Cross-Cultural Analysis. By MELVILLE J. and FRANCES S. HERSKOVITS. Northwestern University Press, Evanstown, 1958. Pp. xvi, 490. Reviewed by Jack Berry.

FOLKLORE OF OTHER LANDS. By A. M. SELVI, L. KAHN, R. C. SOULE. S. F. Vanni; New York. Five dollars. Reviewed by K. M. Briggs.

ALTE NEWE ZEITUNG. A sixteenth-century collection of fables. Edited by ELI SOBEL. Folklore Studies x, University of California Press, Berkeley, 1958. Pp. xii, 64. Reviewed by E. Ettlinger.

BRAUCHTUMSGEBÄCKE UND WEIHNACHTSSPEISEN. Ein volkskundlicher Beitrag zur österreichischen Kulturgeographie. By E. BURGSTALLER. Veröffentlichungen der Kommission für den Volkskundeatlas in Österreich, vol. ii, Linz, 1957. Pp. 136, (18), 7; 5 plates, 22 maps. Reviewed by E. Ettlinger.

AN ANALYTICAL INDEX TO THE JOURNAL OF AMERICAN FOLKLORE, Vol. 1–67, 68, 69, 70. By TRISTRAM P. COFFIN. American Folklore Society, Philadelphia, 1958. Pp. xvi, 383. $6.50. Reviewed by Wilfrid Bonser.

DEUTSCHES HANDWERKERLEBEN UND DER AUFSTIEG DER STADT. By MAX RUMPF. W. Kohlhammer, Stuttgart, 1955. Pp. 244, 106 photographs. WÜRTTEMBERGISCHES JAHRBUCH FÜR VOLKSKUNDE, 1956. W. Kohlhammer, Stuttgart, 1956. Pp. 164; 12 photographs, 1 map and 2 drawings. Reviewed by E. Ettlinger.

DAS VOTIVBILD. By L. KRISS-RETTENBECK. Hermann Rinn, Munich, 1958. Pp. 185; Plates 173. Reviewed by E. Ettlinger.

THE SINGING MOUNTAINEERS. By RUTH STEPHANS. Thomas Nelson &; Sons, Edinburgh, 1958. 18s. net. Reviewed by C. A. Burland.

THE YOUNG TRAVELLER IN MEXICO. By BETTY ROSS. Phoenix House, London 1958. Pp. 136. 9s. 6d. net. Reviewed by C. A. Burland.

THE COLLECTING OF FOLK MUSIC AND OTHER ETHNOMUSICOLOGICAL MATERIAL. Edited by Maud Karpeles. Reviewed by A. H.

THE PREHISTORY OF AFRICA. By H. ALIMEN. Hutchinson, London, 1957. 63s. Reviewed by Robert A. Kennedy.