The New Approach to TIBETAN NAMES

<正>To differentiate it from the common name"Tseten Dekyi"(a Tibetan name,meaning longevity and happiness)the 30-year-old Drolkar gave her baby girl the name"Tseten Dekyi"(same pronunciation as the first but using different Chinese characters).Drolkar's intention was to avoid giving her baby the same name as all the other Tibetan babies."Although the pronunciation is exactly the same for these two names,and both mean‘longevity' in Tibetan,the written characters for each name in Chinese are totally different so that it is unnecessary to differentiate one name from the other,"Drolkar said.     

The Territorial Approach to Cultural Economy: New Opportunities for the Development of Small Towns

In recent years, there has been a notable development of research on the role of culture in regional and local development models and on the relevance of the so-called cultural economy. Despite the existence of several nuances, it is possible to identify two basic research approaches to the issue. The first is focused on analysing the industry of culture, showing the processes of concentration of cultural activities in some places and the links with other sectors of the local economy. The other approach, more oriented towards the territory, emphasizes the role that a system of cultural assets can play in the dynamics of economic and social development of a specific area. In contrast to the first, which concerns larger cities, the territorial approach privileges medium- and small-sized towns and rural areas. In adopting this perspective, we present the case study of Volterra, a small Italian town whose cultural heritage has been considered in recent years as the main local development driver. By means of a direct survey and interviews with opinion leaders, we have attempted to assess the perceptions and reactions of residents and visitors and to identify the connections between the local heritage, cultural activities and strategies of urban development.     

新亚欧大陆桥与蒙古经济发展

本文通过对蒙古目前经济发展现状及其存在问题的分析,阐述了作为一个内陆大国,要发展现代经济,必须有铁路直通国际市场,而修建以图们江为支撑点的新亚欧大陆桥,横穿其腹地,能使其获得通往太平洋一条最便捷的通道,根本改善其社会经济发展的条件。     

The New Development Bank and the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank: China's Ambiguous Approach to Global Financial Governance

The creation of the New Development Bank (NDB) and the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank (AIIB) has generated a great deal of attention and controversy in the development community and beyond. Do these banks indicate that China is promoting a new model of multilateral development finance that undermines the existing system dating back to Bretton Woods? What are the forces shaping China's policy choices in this area? In contrast to the prevailing tendency to view these banks as part and parcel of the same challenge or opportunity for multilateral development financing, this article highlights major distinctions between the NDB and the AIIB. The fact that China is playing a prominent role in both the NDB and the AIIB suggests that China is not promoting a coherent new model of multilateral development financing, but is instead straddling different traditions in this realm of global financial governance. The ambiguity in China's approach to multilateral development finance is shaped by its multiple identities and complex economic and political interests.     

A New Approach to Ezekiel 23,20

Scholars during the years have noted that Ezek. 23,20 is the only passage in the OT in which pi¯lεgε? appears as a masculine noun with masculine reference. The author of this essay, while using mainly linguistic approach, proves that these scholars were not correct, and that pi¯lεgε? in Ezek 23,20 is a feminine noun with feminine meaning like in all other appearances in the OT.     

Equitable Approaches to Local Economic Development

Central city economic development during the 1980s and 1990s resounded with the theme of "public-private partnerships" putting together new downtown hotels, sports stadiums, and festival marketplaces. Yet, as city after city proclaimed its "renaissance" and "rebirth," poverty and unemployment increased in many of the same cities. Economic disparities also increased between central cities and their suburbs. These contrasting patterns of growth and decline were often reflected in local economic development struggles over downtown versus neighborhoods, economic development as job generation versus real estate development, and the rich and powerful versus the poor and marginalized. In some cities, these concerns often were articulated by African-American, Latino, and blue-collar communities and their activist supporters. They led to new development strategies designed to balance more equitably the costs and benefits of local economic development. The new strategies included opening government to previously excluded constituencies, linking downtown development to neighborhood development managed by community development corporations, and balancing development across economic sectors. This article reviews efforts in several cities to implement redistributive urban planning and local economic development policies. It concludes with three possibilities for improving broader equity outcomes in future local economic development.     

由恶变善:潮神伍子胥信仰变迁新探

涌潮形成之初,潮神信仰即随之产生。因古人将钱塘潮、广陵潮形成的原因和造成的破坏归因于伍子胥冤死泄愤,故伍子胥最早被视为潮神时,其形象乃是凶神。不过,随着两汉以来士人对伍子胥忠孝形象的强调和人们对涌潮成因认识的提高,魏晋以后,潮神伍子胥的形象渐趋正面。隋唐五代时期,由于钱塘江两岸低地的开发和人口增殖,钱塘江潮对现实生活的影响日益加剧。除先贤形象外,伍子胥司潮神职也为政府重视,故唐时对潮神伍子胥封号赐爵,将其纳入国家祀典。     

The Viability of the United Nations Approach to Economic and SocialHuman Rights in a Globalized Economy

The United Nations approaches economic and social human rights through a framework of legal positivism. States are called on to respect, protect and fulfil their legal obligations contained in international human rights law. The state remains ultimately responsible for guaranteeing these economic and social human rights. This article explores the viability of this statist approach in this era of economic globalization. The less developed countries often face economic deprivation caused not by state action/inaction but by the global economic system itself. In many key respects states appear to be losing their capacity to regulate their economies and labour markets effectively. Yet despite the shrinking nature of our global community, the state is still central in the creation of the proper environment for the fulfilment of these rights. This article analyses the national strategies that governments can pursue to respect, protect and fulfil the economic and social rights of their citizens, and thus meet their international legal obligations.     

完善县域旅游发展规划的途径

为促进我国旅游业科学有序地发展,搞好县城旅游规划是非常重要的战略步骤,认真解决县域旅游规划实践中的问题,将会给我国旅游事业带来巨大的效益。     

Approach to Trading Off Economic and Environmental Values in Industrial Land-Use Planning

Few contemporary issues have received as much sustained attention as the deterioration of the quality of our natural environment and, particularly, the need to manage the trade-off between economic growth and the quality of that environment. This paper discusses research currently under way to develop a land-use planning methodology that will help planners address the trade-offs between environmental quality and economic development. The methodology is used to evaluate the social, economic, and environmental impact of alternative land-use plans. The methodology consists of a regional analysis submodel and a site analysis submodel. The first component is based on an expanded input-output analysis incorporating land use, resource inputs, and waste-emission outputs. The second component is an empirical analysis based on the specific suitability and compatibility of proposed land-use development packages. The land-use planning model developed is applied to a case-study area centered on Charleston, South Carolina.     

资源与法律:解读清代中叶社会变迁的法律经济学新视角

耶鲁大学法学院的布鲁斯.阿克曼教授将法律的经济学方法描绘为“20世纪法学中最重要的发展”。的确,经济学已经改变了法律问题的性质、对法律规则和制度的一般理解甚至法律实践。一般地,我们能说经济学提供了一个行为理论以预测人们如何对法律的变化作出反应。这一理论胜过直觉,正如科学胜过常识。①因此,包括“人力”、“资本”和“利润”等在内的投入成本、产出效率、交易公平、配置资源等就成了经济学切入法律问题的作业面,凭借此作业面展开对法律、政策及其制定者、实施者等所谓主体和主体在社会生活中不断变化的行为模式等进行分析论证…     

A New Approach to Studies of the Tibetan Issue

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Externalities,Learning and Governance: New Perspectives on Local Economic Development

In spite of growing mobility of production and production factors, economic development is increasingly localized in economic agglomerations. This article reviews three partially overlapping perspectives on local economic development, which derive from three factors intensifying the localized nature of economic development: externalities, learning and governance. Externalities play a central role in the new geographical economics of Krugman and in new economic geography of clusters and industrial districts. The dynamics of local economic development are increasingly associated with evolutionary economic thinking in general and with collective learning in particular. Inter‐firm and extra‐firm organization has experienced considerable innovation in the last few decades. New institutional devices are based on the notions of commodity chain, cluster and milieu. These innovations introduce new issues of economic governance both at the level of industry and of territory.     

The Knowledge-Centred Approach to the Somali Cultural Emergency and Heritage Development Assistance in Somaliland

Somalia has suffered a civil war since early 1991. Systematic looting, destruction and illicit excavation of sites continue without the international community (including academics, government organisations, heritage workers and humanitarian aid organisations) acknowledging this problem, let alone addressing it. The pre-war approaches to Somali cultural heritage lacked awareness-raising initiatives and basic dialogue with local communities, and hence remained uninformed about local views and methodologies regarding heritage. This has resulted in a lack of interest in building a local foundation and infrastructure for heritage management and archaeological research in the country. Today, it is clear that no measures were taken to protect cultural heritage during two decades of armed conflict in Somalia. Recently, archaeological material has become the target of ideologically motivated destruction. However, in post-conflict Somaliland, a self-declared, de facto country where there is peace and stability, possibilities for protection and management of cultural heritage exist. In order to carry out such work, an understanding of local practices is necessary. Hence, this paper presents unique research into local heritage management strategies and unveils indigenous heritage management methods, which the author refers to as the knowledge-centred approach. This approach emphasises knowledge and skill rather than objects, helping cultures such as the Somali, with strong oral transmission of knowledge, preserve their cultural heritage even in times of armed conflict. Also, this paper presents a critical assessment of the Somali cultural emergency as a whole and suggests ways of assisting different stakeholders in the protection of Somali heritage in the conflict and post-conflict eras.