Lords and Towns in Medieval Europe: The European Historic Towns Atlas Project

Abstract

THE FIRST significant archaeological excavation within the village of Thorney, Cambridgeshire, has revealed a sequence of occupation deposits associated with the former Benedictine abbey and reflecting some 600 years of use. Thorney Abbey was surrendered at the Dissolution of the Greater Monasteries in 1539 and over successive years many of the buildings were demolished and the stone removed for re-use elsewhere. As a consequence very little is known of the abbey's layout and organisation. In the Middle Ages Thorney was surrounded by fen wetland and the excavations reported on here were located near the northern edge of the former island, slightly to the north of the abbey church and suspected location of the main abbey precinct. The long sequence of deposits offered an important insight into the changing character of fen-edge life on Thorney from the 11th century onwards. Occupation remains and a sequence of contemporary structures indicated that despite the apparently peripheral location of the site in relation to the main abbey complex, life was rarely static on the island's northern edge. It is suggested that the structures and related remains were once part of the abbey's outer court. Dissolution deposits reflected the dismantling of windows and the salvage and recycling of lead came. A re-used architectural fragment, possibly a pillar base, had been converted into a lead recycling hearth and the immediately surrounding area was covered with the remains of the leadworking as well as a large assemblage of broken, high-quality painted window glass, the end result of the lead removal. Late 16th-century structural evidence on the site has also shed light on some of the earliest secular occupation on the island following the Dissolution. A combination of the finds assemblages recovered during the work and documentary research has enabled a picture of life at medieval Thorney to be drawn for the first time. Documentary and cartographic work has also helped to understand the wider fenland context.     

喇嘛山城(外一首)

刀光剑影惊险的故事蔓延到山外传说四周悬崖峭壁的高山成为无墙无门的城郭一条羊肠盘道保持险峻不愿宽阔天赐的山城永远年轻喇嘛的守候你最快乐故事不变的色彩菩萨在故事中沐浴升为至尊的宝座翁媪不畏山道的艰辛诚心祈祷无灾无祸香烟缭绕山城信仰在芳香中超脱伤痛痊愈的时刻山城清醒了许多草木复绿的幽境小鸟回归山不寂寞愿“和谐”播入心田收获双赢共荣的硕果土乡风情轮秋恋虹彩,海外醉琼浆。安召万人乐,纳顿百天狂。河湟呈画卷,遗址献华章。远客无虚行,图文满行囊。喇嘛山城(外一首)@文贤忠~~     

Visible Archaeological Remains in Towns and Parks

This paper relates a specific and professional understanding of the nature of archaeological sites to management needs and approaches. It focuses on how the nature of the resource itself relates to a system of valuation, conservation and preservation. The perspective taken is that of the contribution of landscape planning to the development of tourism and heritage management. One of the central aims is to explain the visual values of archaeological remains in the landscape, relating them to the different measures of preservation available for archaeological sites. Examples are included from Latvia and other European countries.     

古镇遗产分类及资源型古镇的保护性利用模式初探

古镇是人类主要聚落形态之一,按其成因和社会功能可把古镇分为聚落型村镇、区域贸易中心型集镇、资源型或资源—产业型集镇、军事重镇型集镇和文化景观型集镇等。资源型古镇通常是在对某地自然资源进行开发利用的过程中发展起来的场镇,它的发展历程直接折射出区域社会变迁及其关联的社会背景,构成地方文化和历史记忆的重要载体。对资源型古镇的保护性利用旨在服务当地,在内容和形式上旨在使古镇的"形"与"神"与其生存空间达到高度的融合与统一,从而准确传达古镇所蕴含的历史信息及遗产价值。     

Satellite Cities and Towns of Gor'kiy

The Gor'kiy urban agglomeration is marked by complex relations between the central city and its first- and second-order satellites. The observed tendency for the central city to grow slowly and the satellites to expand rapidly should be encouraged. Industrial construction should be limited within Gor'kiy proper and promoted in the satellites. Many “dormitory” satellites of Gor'kiy lack urban improvements and adequate commuting facilities and should be rebuilt into modern residential towns.     

古村镇文化遗产利用探究

古村镇文化遗产是不可再生的文化资源,每个古村镇的文化遗产均具有程度不同的历史、文学、艺术、科研等价值和利用价值.合理利用古村镇的文化遗产,既是经济社会发展的需要,更是保护文化遗产的需要.如何合理利用古村镇文化遗产,有许多问题需要研究.本文仅就古村镇文化遗产的合理利用、利用形式、编制规划等问题作一些肤浅的阐述.     

Integrating Archaeological Heritage into Towns and Settlements

ABSTRACT

This article explores factors concerning the urban integration of archaeological heritage in towns and settlements. Archaeological heritage refers to visible, immovable archaeological remains (such as the remains of buildings or structures), sites, and areas (larger complexes). As part of the multidisciplinary process of archaeological heritage management, based on understanding the significance of a site and the goal of enhancing and preserving archaeological heritage in situ, urban integration and its determining factors have not been the subject of systematic research. The present study is derived from the application of deductive research based on theoretical assumptions validated by a qualitative survey. Research has identified 17 factors as the basis for the urban integration of archaeological heritage in towns and settlements. These factors represent a theoretical and practical contribution not only to urban planning but also to archaeological heritage management.     

民国1∶10万地形图及其所见江南市镇数量——兼论常熟、吴江市镇数量的巨大反差

民国实测地形图保存至今量最大也最为系统的当属1∶5万与1∶10万两种比例尺,其中1∶5万地形图主要测绘于1916-1925和1930-1939两个"十年计划"时期,1∶10万地形图是以1∶5万作为底图进行缩制的,江浙两省主要完成于1927-1930年期间,目前这些图主要藏于日本与台湾地区。1∶10万地形图上关于聚落居住地的标注形式层次分明,可提取出其中的市镇聚落与城市聚落,结果显示民国时期江南有1628个市镇,并借此证明常熟与吴江两县确实存在市镇数量的巨大反差。     

忆江南 水乡古镇的历史地理释读

正每每提及"江南水乡古镇","小桥、流水、人家"的景象便跃然而出,在中国人心目中这里是鱼米之乡、丝绸之府、经济文化的繁盛之区、理想的人居之地。她的发展似乎恰好诠释了德国诗人荷尔德林的名言:人,辛勤劳作,但诗意地栖居在这大地上!"江南水乡古镇"早在2008年就列入了我国的《世界文化遗产预备名单》。2015年3月26日,国家文物局在苏州召开了"江南水乡古镇申报世界文化遗产工作推进会",标志着申遗工作的正式启动和步伐的加快,此次联合申遗名录中包括江苏、浙江两省的周庄、角直、同里、乌镇等十多处古镇。     

清代集镇名实初探

《清国史·地理志》、《清史稿·地理志》每县下均有某某镇的记录。经考察,认为这种记录并没有严格的学术标准,有一定的任意性。实际上,清代的镇,并非县以下一级管理地方或征收商税的机构。凡是有一定集中的人口,商业比较繁荣的聚落(集市),往往被人们称为镇。其中有的置有县以下管理地方治安的机构,如巡检司,有的什么设置也没有,仍被称镇;也有既设了巡检司等管理或纳税机构,然仍不称镇。可见清代文献中镇的记录并无严格标准。至于文献上记载镇的四至范围,实际上指的是所设机构管理(如巡检司)的地域范围,与镇并无关系。     

Declining Towns in Russia, 1989-1993

An article based on data for the last census of the former USSR and population estimates for 1993 for urban places of over 15,000 population in the Russian Federation surveys the regional distribution, economic functions, and size characteristics of urban settlements in Russia with declining population over the period 1989-93. Interesting comparisons are drawn with patterns prevailing during previous periods, revealing recent increases in the number of such towns in major manufacturing regions and the North and an increase in the number of large cities. Towns experiencing the very greatest percentage declines (-10.0 percent or more) also are investigated. 2 tables, 2 figures, 18 references.     

关于小城镇和大规划的思考——小城镇开发建设及其规划机制和理念问题

本文对中国小城镇发展的趋势、意义及乡镇企业在小城镇开发建设中的作用进行了简析、并从表象、机制、理念等不同层次分析了中国小城镇建设规划中存在的问题,初步提出了针对小城镇建设的"大规划"概念。