林德霍夫堡 僻静山谷中的童话王国

<正>林德霍夫堡,一座建造于1869年至1879年的王宫,是巴伐利亚国王路德维希二世所建造的最具盛名的三座"神话城堡"之一。路德维希二世结合了意大利文艺复兴鼎盛期与巴洛克时期的建筑及园林艺术形式,使林德霍夫堡充分体现出侣世纪欧洲的建筑风格。在阿尔卑斯山脉的群山掩映下,林德霍夫堡(Linderhof Castle)静静地坐落在格拉斯望河谷。这座建造于1869年至1879年的王宫,是路德维希二世(LudwigⅡ)在世时完工的唯一一座宫殿,也是国王居住最久的一座。作为巴伐利亚国王路德维希二世所建造的最具盛名的三座"神话城堡"之一,林德霍夫堡结合了意大利     

河北平泉一带发现的石城聚落遗址——兼论夏家店下层文化的城堡带问题

本文对平泉茅兰沟一带发现的石围墙、石城遗址作了重点介绍,并以此作为切入点,对我国北方夏家店下层文化的石围墙、石城聚落遗址进行了全面的分析,认为夏家店下层文化的石围墙、石城构成的“城堡带”,集中在内蒙古的赤峰、辽宁的朝阳、河北的承德一带,分布直径在400公里左右,可能是当时“古国”的所在。     

琉球王国的首里城

随着全面接受明文化的影响,琉球王国成为东亚文明圈的一员。国都首里城与王府正殿朝向西面,这与东亚文明圈"天子南面"的传统明显不同。笔者围绕着"南面与西面"问题解析琉球王国相关的历史,提出了新见解。     

Excavations in the West Bailey at Corfe Castle

A DATA BASE containing all the information available to the authors on Anglo-Saxon structures has been devised and installed on a computer. A preliminary analysis of the data concentrating on the dimensions of the buildings has revealed some significant trends in their lengths, widths and proportions. These trends are interpreted within what is known of the social and economic context of the period. In addition, a method of comparing the complete set of buildings on a site has been developed. It can be used, for example, to find sites with similar sets of buildings which may, therefore, also share other characteristics.     

Recent Excavations in the Keep of Farnham Castle,Surrey

Abstract

Several alternative schemes for the dating if Pictish relief sculpture have been advanced during the last century. Representations if artifacts which can be dated archaeologically, decorative devices associated with the Viking Period and details if animal ornament are used to provide new date-ranges for some stones usually dated earlier. The early dating often advanced for some low-relief sculptures is accordingly questioned, and a tentative scheme for the dating if Pictish relief sculpture proposed.     

古堡烟雨 关山如梦——唐山长城访古

<正> 7月是个多雨的季节,一场蒙蒙细雨消减了夏日的炎炎酷暑。坐在乘客杂乱空气污浊的长途客车上,看着如画的绿野被雨水淋湿后满世界的苍翠,心情顿然好了许多。一路上,破旧的大客车前面的雨刷有气无力地左右摇摆着,但依然刷不净那模糊不清的挡风玻璃。我们二人就这样一路走进了唐山的地界。30年前的1976年7月28日,一场罕见的大地震将有着雄厚工业基础的唐山在顷刻间夷为一片废墟,24万人在这场灾难中丧生。我们走进唐山的时候距这场灾难的30周年纪念日仅仅还有3天。但是,我们却是为了另     

Kinetics of Stone Degradation of the Castle of Chambord in France

A multidisciplinary approach combining scientific and historical data is developed in order to identify the environmental factors that cause degradation of stones and to attempt to date the onset of degradation and assess the time needed for its development. The method is applied to the Castle of Chambord, a prestigious monument in the Loire Valley in France. The genesis of the two main types of degradation (spalling and flaking) and the kinetics of their development are identified and analysed. The correlation between the different mappings and iconographic documents reveal that flaking develops on any type of fine limestone and can appear less than 60 years after the stone is placed on the castle for Richemont limestone, and less than 10 years for tuffeau. The other main type of degradation, spalling, is limited to tuffeau, but it is more difficult to quantify the kinetics of its development.     

Bolton Castle and the Practice of Architecture in the Middle Ages

Abstract

It is suggested in this paper that our view of the medieval master mason's methodology, in respect of building design, tends to be a partial one; that it represents the ideal, and fails to take account of some medieval architects' inherent empiricism. A good deal is made of comparatively scarce documentary evidence, and of analyses of completed buildings chosen for their architectural coherence. For this reason, perhaps, our perception of the medieval master mason is sometimes too close to that of the modern architect. It is rare to examine a building's construction sequence in attempting to illuminate the subject: Bolton Castle is a building where it has been possible to reconstruct the process of design, and the conclusion drawn from it is that the design was not cut and dried prior to the commencement of building operations; rather it evolved as they progressed. It is shown that, in this, Bolton was by no means atypical and that such cases are a direct result of the medieval mason's craft based approach to his profession.     

Changing Notions of Authenticity: Presenting a Castle Over Four Centuries

Bolsover Castle is a 17th‐century mock‐medieval castle built for the Cavendish family. First impressions suggest that its Pillar Parlour has survived with little alteration for nearly four centuries. In reality, there have been minor but telling changes to its fabric. The 18‐century Cavendishes venerated the castle as a shrine to their ancestors. Bolsover’s 19th‐century tenants recreated a romantic Olden Time appearance. The public bodies responsible for the castle in the 20th century used archaeology to reconstruct its 17th‐century form. In each case, these custodians aimed to present the site ‘authentically’, but their work reveals their own contemporary readings of the castle’s history. This evidence, gathered for a Conservation Plan, allowed English Heritage’s re‐display of the castle (1996–2001) to take a more reflective and positive approach to creating new meanings. This use of history to create local important meanings should give good cheer to those managing similar small but significant sites across the world.     

The Origins of the Castle in England the Institute's Research Project 1

This paper, based mainly on hitherto unpublished material, describes the building-activities of the Duke of Lauderdale in the years following his second marriage to the Countess of Dysart. During this period the Duke's three northern houses, comprising Thirlestane Castle, Lethington, and Brunstane, were extensively remodelled under the direction of the Scottish Surveyor-General, Sir William Bruce. Bruce also played a part in the alterations and additions carried out at the Lauderdales' principal English seat, Ham House, the main responsibility in this case, however, being undertaken by the gentleman-architect William Samwell. The Scottish houses were fitted out and decorated by a team of Anglo-Dutch craftsmen recruited chiefly in London, while another Dutchman, John Slezer, was employed as surveyor and draughtsman both in Scotland and at Ham.