The Question of Authorship of the Coplas Attributed to Lucas Fernandez

In late eighteenth-century Spanish discourse, moralists and satirists attempted to redress what they deemed a grave social issue: the loss of a masculine, virtuous visibility in men, especially in young, well-heeled males. In moralist essays, the petimetre became the quintessential trope for the idle, effeminate, aristocratic Spanish man. He was created as a literary figure to stand in marked contrast to the manly hombre de bien, who represented martial valor and heteronormative privacy. Juan Antonio Mercadal, author of El Duende especulativo sobre la vida civil (1761), delved into the issue with, among other writings, his "Discurso IX." In this essay, he describes a type of man whom he refers to as "hermaphrodita." Like the petimetre, this is a queer male figure who transgresses the dimorphous gendered system. By using the term hermaphrodite, Mercadal conjures up images of an intersex person who retained a monstrous, almost mythical reputation during the eighteenth century. In effect, the satirist is employing a coded word to invent a new reality: an intergendered male who challenges what it means to be a man or a woman. The unintended result of Mercadal's essay is the creation of a new identity that brings together ser and aparecer, or reality and illusion. By creating the figure of the hermaphrodita, Mercadal engendered the very reality he wished to combat.     

试论中世纪法国王室的"圣德尼崇拜"

在宗教氛围浓郁的中世纪西欧,几乎每个社会群体都拥有自己的守护神(庇护圣徒),法国王室亦不例外,它也常年沐浴在其守护神圣德尼(Saint Denis)的圣光之下。通过对"圣德尼崇拜"发展历程的考察可以看出,这一崇拜的确立虽非一帆风顺,但在法兰西王权和圣德尼修院的合作经营下,圣徒德尼终究成为法兰西君主的守护神、国家的守护神以及王权象征物的守护神。正是在"圣德尼崇拜"这一官方意识形态的辅佑下,法兰西民族国家开始形成,法兰西王权开始走向绝对化。然而,绝对化的法兰西王权最终灰飞烟灭,隆崇的圣德尼修院最终亦败落凋零。     

试论东周王城的城郭布局及其演变

通过系统梳理东周王城的相关考古发掘资料,对东周王城城郭的认识有较大的突破。东周王城不仅存在内城外郭,而且在其晚期又于郭城之外的西南部形成一座小城,从而形成内城外郭和小城与大城南北并立的复杂形制。东周王城城郭的形成同时也有其历史背景。     

善治感冒 健康长寿

我七十九岁半,每月从北京到杭州独来独往。白天门诊,晚夜著文,从来不知疲倦。有人问我：怎么你这样健康,练什么功,有什么妙招？我常常回答说：我有两个宝,一是“天人和一”观念,二是善治感冒。“天人和一”理念今后讲,善治感冒今天说。     

撒哈拉沙漠冲沙

去迪拜旅游的游客一定会去撒哈拉沙漠,而去沙漠自然少不了在沙丘飞车。午后．去沙漠之前我将自己全副武装．全身擦了厚厚的防晒油．穿上长袖衣裤．带上可以遮挡半张脸的墨镜．在迪拜小伙的带领下开始了沙漠狂野之旅。从迪拜的市中心出发．我们的越野车急驶过街道两旁郁郁葱葱的树木．二十分钟后．两边视野所及的翠绿色逐渐被蔓延着纯净的金黄色所替代。车子停下．司机开始为车子的四轮放气．目的是增加轮子在沙漠里滚动时的受力面积．免得过度下陷。     

略论殷墟王陵制度的形成

无论是传世文献还是甲骨金文,均反映出晚商时期有一个嫡庶观念逐渐加强的过程,而这个过程与殷墟西北岗王陵区不断突出王墓的作法是一致的。两个方面均反映出晚商王权的逐步加强以及父死子继王位传承制度的逐渐巩固与最终确立。西北岗王陵西区是比较纯粹的王陵区,但东区埋葬的人员较为复杂,只能看作是一处高等级王室墓地。西北岗王陵区可能开启于殷墟文化一期偏早阶段,并可能一开始就大致划定兆域界限。武丁在位时期可能对王陵制度作过重大调整,即西区只葬殷王,其他成员只能葬在王陵东区、小屯宫殿宗庙区西南部墓地以及后岗西区墓地等处。殷王陵不奉行夫妻并穴合葬,王与后分处。但王陵东区有异姓陪葬的现象。殷王陵区有象征国家政权的一面,与殷墟其他普通族墓地有较大差异。     

董其昌《山水》册与《董范合参图》轴辨伪

上海博物馆藏董其昌《山水》册(共十开),为天启四年(1624)元旦所作,实并非董氏真迹。据考,该年四月董其昌才抵京。同时,该册对题均节录自董氏及明清书画著录著作与晚清文学笔记中,其第二开对题,与故宫博物院藏董氏癸酉(1633)夏五所作《董范合参图》轴题跋相同。再考《山水》册笔法,嫩弱飘浮,墨色平淡,与典型的董其昌风格相差甚远,更无其生拙秀逸之气;而《董范合参图》轴,用笔亦尖劲细碎,全幅墨气滞涩,艺术水准远不及故宫博物院藏董氏十二年前所作《仿古山水图》册,亦无法企及董氏卒前一年所作的《关山雪霁图》卷。可见,《山水》册和《董范合参图》轴非董氏本家之作。     

A Touch of Humor

Abstract

Survey of the modern ground surface is a common and important element of archaeological practice. Yet the properties of recovered surface assemblages vary according to several factors that are not intrinsic to the assemblages themselves. Such factors are briefly surveyed and one, reliability—the probability that a surface appears similar following successive cultivation episodes—is examined at length. Ina Michigan case study, the reliability of a cultivated surface is complicated by significant random variation. Among the several implications that this finding holds for research and management, perhaps the most important is the need to inspect a cultivated surface several times, not merely once, to accurately gauge its true archaeological character.     

生态游·触摸野性之美

编者按:当个率性的背包客,踏上生态游的旅途,用镜头定格野生动物,成为自然的记录者。帮助野外生活遇到困难的动物,保持它们的野性美,虽有近距离接触,也不要打扰它们的生活。让野生动物成为人类的图腾,成为人类热爱生活、热爱自然的证     

The Administration of the Royal Society

Abstract

After more than 300 years of continuous existence in London, the Royal Society and its 840 Fellows have achieved a worldwide reputation for scientific excellence. This arises not only from their individual prestige and eminence, but also from the superb manner in which the affairs of the Society itself are administered. Here the author is able to reveal some of the reasons for this success, proceeding in an analytical, rather than a critical, approach, describing the Fellowship, the Council, the scientific activities, the publications and the Society's role in international scientific affairs amongst other aspects.     

关于洛阳周都与东周王陵的几个问题

关于洛阳周都与东周王陵,学术界历来争议颇多,但迄今尚无一个令人十分满意的答案。今笔者不揣浅陋,拟在诸家研究的基础上,对有关洛阳周都与东周王陵的几个问题发表一点肤浅的看法。