On the Early Religious Houses of Somersetshire

The paper offers a reassessment of the patrons involved in the construction of Saint-Hilaire-le-Grand in Poitiers during the 11th century. Three stages are identified. The first, to which Queen Emma of England may have contributed, fell perhaps in the 1020s. The second is that associated with Countess Agnes of Poitou-Aquitaine around 1049. The third followed on and saw the involvement around the 1070s and 1080s of the layman Gautier, a cordwainer by trade, as administrator of the work. The respective roles of the dukes of Aquitaine and the treasurers of Saint-Hilaire are also examined.     

Excavations on the Site of the Tudor Manor House at Micheldever,Hampshire

Abstract

Trial excavations prior to building development on the site of Thomas Wriothesley’s important manor house built about 1537 suggest a continuous succession of large houses on the site from the 14th century to the 18th. The earliest structures may represent a country retreat for the Abbots of Hyde.     

论中世纪英国庄园农奴的主体权利

在中世纪英国社会,庄园农奴拥有一种原始的个人权利,即主体权利.这种权利体现于英国中世纪多元社会结构中存在的原始契约之内,又在独特的法律制度下得到保护和发展.这种主体权利观念对英国社会的进步具有重大影响.     

《小莲庄》砚边随想

小莲庄印象 小莲庄与闻名遐迩的嘉业堂藏书楼毗邻,两处皆为刘氏家业。庄园由刘氏义庄、家庙、园林三部分组成。造园特点有三,一是园有内外之别,二是廊亭别出心裁,三是建筑中西合璧。     

Changes of the Pariha Manor

The Parhla Manor, whichbelonged to a noble in oldTibet, has experienced enor-Democratic Reform in 1959.Pharla Clan In 1618 Tibetan King Garma Dun-join Wangbo allied with the 10thGarmaba Yindo and overthrew thePagmo Zhuba Regime. Garma Dunjoinstyled himself Tsangdui Khan andfounded the Garma Gagyu Regime. Inorder to better rule Bhutan, he sent sev-eral lamas with a monastery belongingto the Gagyu Sect to a monastery called     

The Medieval Manor of Penhallam,Jacobstow, Cornwall

THE remains of the medieval manor of Penhallam lie in a sheltered valley in the parish of Jacobstow, some 3 miles from the sea. It was one of the principal houses of the Cardinham family who held, under the king, the largest seignory in the county of Cornwall. Extensive excavation between the years 1968 and 1973 revealed substantial remains of a sophisticated manor house, standing within an earlier ring-work. The stone-built house was constructed in four periods during the late 12th and early 13th centuries. It was deserted in the middle of the 14th century and was gradually demolished. Mo remains of the buildings were visible above ground at the time of the commencement of the excavation. The site, now known as Berry Court, takes the name of a small homestead of probable 16th-century origin, standing on the outer edge of the moat.

There was no visible trace of the hall associated with the early Norman ring-work, but its existence is attested by the subsequent development of the site. Excavation revealed that there were stone buildings standing on the four sides of a courtyard. They comprised a hall, camera, chapel, service rooms, lodgings and a gatehouse. From these remains it was possible to obtain much information about the construction and development of a medieval manor house in the 12th and 13th centuries. Excavation of the 13th-century gatehouse and drawbridge well revealed the construction, assembly and operation of a counter-balanced bridge.

The excavation finds, attributed to the 13th and early 14th centuries, have been presented to the Royal Institution of Cornwall at Truro.     

The Kitchen Area of Northolt Manor,Middlesex

Abstract

The Winchester Moot Horn was found in a chest in the late 19th century when the Westgate was cleared out in advance of its conversion to a museum. Although generally believed to be of late-12th- or early-13th-century date on stylistic grounds, and a civic horn appears in local documentary sources, its excellent state of preservation has always raised some doubt as to its antiquity. Recent study and scientific analyses have now confirmed its early date. A survey of other moot horns from England suggests that at least one other, from Canterbury, dates to much the same time.     

论中世纪英格兰庄园的运输役

中世纪英格兰运输役起源于庄园领主的物资供应需求,随着12、13世纪市场的激增以及运输条件的改善,市场型运输役逐渐普及。运输役一般由农民上层承担,其运输距离、目的地、运输种类等都受习俗制约。运输役衰落的原因主要有直营领地的衰落、运输的专职化以及私下交易的流行。运输役的兴衰与中世纪英格兰市场培育密切相关,是市场已有一定发育但还不太成熟的产物。     

日本庄园制产生的制度分析

日本的封建化过程是在深受中国唐朝封建制度的影响下完成的。但是,由于生产力水平低下、土地国有制度脆弱,封建化之后的日本在并未与西欧建立任何联系的前提下,却形成了与西欧十分相似的封建社会模式。其中,庄园制的产生最能反映日本封建化过程的这一特征。具体表现为：一、剥削方式在落后的生产力的作用下由实物地租向劳役地租的回归;二、土地国有制在私有传统和庞大官僚队伍的鲸吞下向土地私有制转化。中国唐朝先进的封建因素与日本本土落后的前封建因素相互接触、融合,最后产生了日本的封建庄园制。