英国的法治传统对北美殖民地的影响

英国的法治传统对北美殖民地的影响是深远的,一直延续到美国建国,迄今为止在美国法治法律中尚有很多渊源可寻。概括地说,英国的法治传统对北美殖民地的影响主要体现在两方面,一是对北美殖民地法律建设进程的影响,一是对北美独立战争的催化。     

谈清教徒对美利坚民族特质的影响

美利坚民族追求实际,热爱自由、平等和民主,有着强烈的宗教情结和宗教使命感。这些民族特质传承于早期清教徒的清教精神,是美国社会文化的根源。了解清教徒和清教精神对于美利坚民族特质的影响。有助于更好地观察美国社会和了解美国政治制度、文化、民情等方面的特点。     

上帝的旨意——简谈美利坚民族的多元性与统一性

相较于世界上其他民族,美利坚民族则是一个特殊的民族。即使现在,美利坚民族的人们仍然使用包括英语、德语、法语、印第安语和拉丁语等语言。他们在日常用语、社会文化、风俗习惯、宗教信仰等多方面都有着较大的差异。但同时你会发现,对于民族统一性强烈的认同意识却又是美利坚民族最显著的特征。因此,简单地判断美利坚民族特性的看法都不免有以偏概全之嫌,本文则试图从多元性和统一性两个方面来谈谈美利坚民族。     

福蒂斯丘与英法封建君主制比较

福蒂斯丘爵士是15世纪英国的法学家和政治理论家,他最早研究了中世纪末英国的君主制类型及其与其他君主制的区别。他的特殊经历使其首次提出英国实行的是"政治且王室的统治",以区别于法国的"王室的统治"。上述两种类型的封建君主制在形成过程和统治方式上大相径庭,统治结果也截然分明,两者的优劣判若两途。福蒂斯丘有关"政治且王室的统治"的理论不仅揭示了中世纪末英国封建君主制的类型,对宪政理论的发展也具有奠基意义。     

福蒂斯丘与英法封建君主制比较

福蒂斯丘爵士是15世纪英国的法学家和政治理论家,他最早研究了中世纪末英国的君主制类型及其与其他君主制的区别。他的特殊经历使其首次提出英国实行的是"政治且王室的统治",以区别于法国的"王室的统治"。上述两种类型的封建君主制在形成过程和统治方式上大相径庭,统治结果也截然分明,两者的优劣判若两途。福蒂斯丘有关"政治且王室的统治"的理论不仅揭示了中世纪末英国封建君主制的类型,对宪政理论的发展也具有奠基意义。     

1654-1776年犹太人在北美殖民地的定居与发展

犹太人是早期到北美进行拓殖活动的民族之一。在欧洲大陆深受压迫的犹太人在广阔的北美大陆上艰苦创业,终于取得了一些成就。同时,犹太人在美洲也受到了不公平的待遇和歧视,为此,犹太移民进行了不懈的申诉与抗争。     

英属北美殖民地法律的早期现代化

关于英属北美殖民地社会经济属何种性质的讨论,涉及到对当时法律制度的历史地位进行评价的问题,美国学术界在这些方面至今还存在很多争议。从美国学者的学术交锋来看,尽管英属北美殖民地是否已进入资本主义发展阶段仍有待商榷,但当时市场经济的扩张确实已达到了一定的程度,从而使殖民地的法律制度出现了早期现代化的趋势,主要表现为陪审团在民事审判中的初步式微、从事实性答辩向法律性答辩的转变、普通法令状制度的逐步健全、专业律师队伍的出现和仲裁的正规化或边缘化。因此,英属北美殖民地法律在美国法律史上占有重要地位,殖民地时期绝不是美国法律的“黑暗时代”,当然也不可和19世纪混为一谈。     

中美关系史研究的新视角——评《中国器物与美国镜像》

正2011年,美国芝加哥大学出版社出版了卡洛琳·弗兰克的专著《中国器物与美国镜像:早期美国的中国商品》1。作者认为,中国商品在美利坚民族形成过程中起了"令人吃惊的作用",并与美国独立战争密切相关。这种观点令人耳目一新。该书出版后受到美国早期史、文化史和商业史学界的关注,迄今热度不减,也引起了不少争议。大多数学者持肯定态度,如称赞该书资料丰富、让人们见识了"从未知晓的美国与亚洲的早期联系"、"引人入胜"、"令人兴     

独特的地理环境与英国民族国家的形成

独特的地理环境对英国民族国家形成的影响不可低估。它使得英国在军事上由于不易被侵略而保持独立性、在宗教上与罗马教廷分庭抗礼,并因此而易于民族意识成长,从而促进其民族国家的诞生。     

浅析英法之争中英国战胜法国的原因

随着世界经济一体化进程的加快,海洋日益成为各国关注的焦点。海权思想日益兴起。自新航路的开辟,欧洲强国先后走上殖民扩张和殖民贸易的道路。英法之争的历史是国内外学者研究的热点问题,但是其经历时间之久,矛盾之复杂,本文仅从英法之争最后的结果——英国战胜法国成为海上霸主法国则丢失了印度和北美大片殖民地的视角分析英法之争。     

Threads: Collecting Cloth in the North American French Colonies

Trade of European-produced cloth and clothing enabled indigenous and non-indigenous inhabitants of colonial New France to rethink the “hand-woven”, impacting how self could be presented through dress. At the same time, objects were being collected in New France for cabinets of curiosities and museums. These different collections resonated in different ways through history, subsequently influencing modern understandings of colonial cloth and clothing. This paper examines colonial experiences of cloth by looking at archaeological remnants of cloth and cloth production as compared to how indigenous and non-indigenous colonial peoples were and are being represented by cloth and clothing in museum collections.     

Pedigree and productivity in the British and North American cattle kingdoms before 1930

The origin of the concepts of breed and pedigree in cattle in late eighteenth-century Britain, and the circumstances of their translation to north America are examined. Pedigree had a particular value to north American importers and was more widely adopted in both Britain and America for that reason. However, from the outset, competitive pressures developed which owed little to performance as measured in beef or milk. The descendants of early importations of improved but unpedigreed Shorthorn cattle were stigmatized as «unfashionable» while other bloodlines, particularly those descended from the stock of British breeder Thomas Bates, gained the attention and the premiums associated with fashion. The «fancy» thus attracted both north American and British enthusiasts, but with different results. As in Britain, fashionable pedigrees were acquired as positional, non-material goods within a general environment of speculative excess, though with less serious consequences for the overall performance of north American livestock agriculture. There appear to have been two reasons for this. First, north America had no equivalent to the British landlord–tenant system, which encouraged the wider dissemination to the productive sector of costly cattle with indifferent productivity credentials. Second, and more important, in north America the «fancy» and those who promoted it acted as a stimulus to a different kind of boosterism, which promoted competing breeds of cattle on the basis of productivity. Though breed boosters had less success in the dairy than in the beef sector, the net outcome was the more constructive application of pedigree to productivity in north America than in Britain.     

Identity Formation at a French Colonial Outpost in the North American Interior

Identity formation is a central issue in colonial and post-colonial studies. The ways in which people defined and expressed their identities along multiple dimensions have material implications that are archaeologically accessible. For social archaeologists, material variation is actively constituted and the archaeological record is the residue of a system of signs that individuals used in the construction of class, status, gender, race, and ethnic relations. In the context of French and Native interactions, social identities were fluid, situational, and malleable. The interactions engendered by the fur trade and colonialism in New France had material consequences for identity formation that are being investigated at Fort St. Joseph, an 18th-century frontier outpost in the western Great Lakes.     

广泛深入开展创建活动努力开创全省各民族共同团结进步的新局面

2004年4月,青海省委、省政府决定,在全省全面开展民族团结进步创建活动。这是省委、省政府立足省情实际,做好新时期民族工作的一次积极探索和重要决策。青海是一个多民族多宗教的省份,又是一个经济发展相对滞后的地区。维护全省团结稳定,实现各民族共同繁荣发展,始终是全省工作的大局。改革开放以来,青海省委、省政府高度重视民族、宗教工作,经过全省上下共同努力,连续多年保持了全省民族团结、社会稳定、经济社会快速发展的良好势头。进入新世纪新阶段,国际国内形势正在发生复杂而深刻的变化,青海民族、宗教工作也面临新的形势和任务。从世…