我国史前人类治水的考古学证明

治水是史前人类主要的社会活动,考古发现中的环壕、城址、堌堆、水井、水池、水渠等遗迹是人类治水的实物遗存,人类的治水活动始于公元前9000年～公元前7000年的新石器时代中期,治水的主要方法是疏堵结合--修筑城池,城是人类治水的产物,在治水的实践中,人们发明了凿井、蓄水、排灌等技术.     

天人吉祥物—长江流域的史前玉器

中国的玉文化历史悠久,从原始社会开始,玉器就是人们心目中的神灵祥瑞之物,它作为人们与神灵沟通的神物,在社会生活中占据了极其重要的地位。长江流域的史前玉器精巧秀丽,透露出深厚的文化含义,其精良的制玉工艺、神秘奇异的纹饰、浓郁的宗教气息如同一个个灵动的音符点缀于长江文明的华彩乐章中。     

早商时期经营四土之考古学新证

早商时期,商族在推翻夏朝统治的同时,迅速据有夏的故土并极力向外开拓,夏、商两大族群及其周边各族之间的迅速渗透、融合,初步奠定了商代早期四土政治地理与民族格局的基础。     

略谈考古学文化与史前社会研究

在有关社会历史的考古学研究中,考古学文化集中揭示的是以物质形态为核心的地域文化,而构成特定人类共同体及其文化的核心却在于以意识形态为基础的精神文化方面.考古学文化中的聚落遗存虽是探讨人类共同体的有效途径,但也无法完全克服考古资料的模糊性特征,尤其是民族考古学研究还需密切关注文献资料的模糊性与局限性.相对而言,考古资料的物质性、客观性和全面性特点,使得考古学文化在社会历史的宏观性和长时段性(过程)研究方面具有更加明显的作用.     

The Prehistoric Development of Clothing: Archaeological Implications of a Thermal Model

This paper presents a thermal model for the prehistoric origin and development of clothing. A distinction is drawn between simple and complex forms of clothing, with broad implications for the interpretation of paleolithic technological transitions and the emergence of modern human behavior. Physiological principles and paleoenvironmental data are harnessed to identify conditions requiring simple, loosely draped garments and the more challenging conditions that demanded additional protection in the form of complex garment assemblages. No actual clothing survives from the Pleistocene, yet the archaeological record yields evidence for technological and other correlates of clothing—more evidence than is generally supposed. Major innovations and trends in the distributions and relative frequencies of lithic and other tool forms may reflect the changing need for portable insulation in the context of fluctuating ice age climates. Moreover, the nonthermal repercussions of complex clothing can be connected with archaeological signatures of modern human behavior, notably adornment. Alternative models are less parsimonious in accounting for the geographical and temporal variability of prominent technological and other behavioral patterns in association with environmental change.     

湖北清江流域夏商时期考古学文化研究

一些学者认为清江流域夏商时期的考古学文化属于早期巴文化。通过分析,我们认为清江流域夏商时期的考古学文化可分为两两间存在时间缺环的三类遗存;从目前的考古资料看,还无法支持将清江流域夏商时期的考古学文化推定为早期巴文化这一说法。本文同时还探讨了一些与早期巴文化研究相关的问题。     

The Development of A Prehistoric Complex Society: A Regional Perspective from the Valley of Mexico

Abstract

A regional perspective is desirable in the archaeological study of prehistoric complex societies. Over the past decade systematic surface survey has provided such a perspective for the period between 1100 B.C. and 1520 A.C. in the Valley of Mexico. This paper attempts to illustrate something of the utility of regional settlement pattern analysis as one phase of a long-term research program aimed at explaining cultural evolution in precolumbian Central Mexico.     

从考古资料看史前原始宗教的产生和初步发展

原始宗教的产生以灵魂观念的出现为开端,灵魂观念最早出现于旧百器时代中期,此后一直是原始宗教意识的中心内容。     

Reconnaissance of the Hannibalic Route in the Upper Po Valley,Italy: Correlation with Biostratigraphic Historical Archaeological Evidence in the Upper Guil Valley,France

Controversy over the alpine route taken by the Hannibalic Army from the Rhône Basin into Italia in 218 bc (2168 cal bp ) has raged amongst classicists for over two millennia. Because Hannibal crossed the Alps, the significance for identifying the route taken by the Punic Army lies more in its potential for identifying sites of historical archaeological significance than a resolution of one of history's most enduring questions. While compelling stratigraphic, geochemical and microbiological evidence has been recovered from an alluvial floodplain mire in the upper Guil Valley, located below the Col de la Traversette (about 3000 masl) on the French–Italian border, it potentially identifies the invasion route as the one originally proposed by Sir Gavin de Beer in 1974. The dated layers in several sections, termed the MAD (mass animal deposition) beds based on disrupted/churned bedding and key/specialized biological components strongly supports de Beer's thesis that Hannibal chose the highest transit col into Italia. In addition to other physical evidence, we present here new physical, geomorphological and stratigraphic evidence, all calibrated by radiocarbon dating, that suggests Hannibal's imprint on the landscape exists in coalescing alluvial fans in the upper Po catchment of northern Italy.     

An Archaeological Contribution to the Kalahari Debate from the Middle Limpopo Valley,Southern Africa

Journal of Archaeological Research - The Kalahari debate deals primarily with the influence that contact with incoming groups had on San communities in southern Africa. Two schools of thought...     

Prehistoric Settlement,Mobility and Societal Structure in the Peak District National Park: New Evidence from Ceramic Compositional Analysis

Detailed compositional and technological analysis of a large assemblage of prehistoric ceramics from numerous sites situated within the Peak District National Park has been used to explore the settlement patterns, societal structure, mobility and interaction of the populations that inhabited this area during the Early Bronze Age to Early Iron Age. A surprising pattern emerges of the widespread dominance of a single, geographically restricted temper type, which appears to have been transported and mixed with locally procured clay and used to produce pottery at numerous different sites. The distribution of this and several other compositional groups are defined via thin‐section petrography and compared to raw material field samples. The resulting patterns are used to assess the validity of previous theories about prehistoric life in this region during the third to first millennia bc .     

陕南的史前考古文化与族群分布

本文在前人研究的基础上,对陕南地区史前考古遗址的分布特点及其文化内涵进行综合整理和分析,认为最迟在距今60万年前陕南就有人类活动,是中国早期史前文明的发祥地之一;陕南地区史前文化遗址星罗棋布式的广泛分布和文化类型的多样性,则表明这一地区早期人群流动的频繁及其与多种族群活动之间的某种内在关联。旧石器时代在陕南活动的主要是以汉水上游和南洛河上游旧石器文化为代表的两大人群;新石器时代早期,以仰韶文化为代表的中原人群进入陕南并在此活动;至新石器时代晚期,陕南则呈现了以黄河中游流域为主的华夏族群先民和以长江中游流域为主的三苗族群先民交互影响的态势,而巴族先民的文化因素也开始在陕南显现,从而为陕南地区早期文化和族群的多样性及其相互交融的基本格局奠定了基础。     

黄河流域史前文化变化过程的环境考古学观察

自然环境是人类及其文化赖以生存和发展基础,当我们宏观地审视史前文化的发展过程时,离开了对相关人类文化生存环境的考察,就很难得出准确的认识.     

Prehistoric Molluscan Faunas of the Yazoo River,Mississippi, USA: Archaeological Perspectives for Modern Conservation

Archaeological faunal assemblages can provide data valuable to modern conservation ecology. For example, while freshwater mussels (Bivalvia: Unionidae, Margaritiferidae) are common constituents in the archaeological record of North America, today they are one of the world’s most imperiled faunal groups. Efforts to aid habitat restoration, population growth, and species reintroduction can be informed by studies of prehistoric mussel assemblages. These data can provide a historical perspective, cataloging communities as they existed prior to extensive modern impacts, thus representing an ecological baseline to be compared with modern populations. This study focuses on two late prehistoric (ca. 300–600 AD) sites on the Yazoo River, where nearly 24,000 freshwater mussel valves were recovered. Though modern data are extremely limited for the river, analysis revealed it once supported a diverse mussel community containing numerous species currently considered rare, endangered, or extinct in Mississippi. In total, the combined shell assemblages yielded 23 new river records for the Yazoo River. One species in particular, Quadrula fragosa, represents the second such occurrence in Mississippi, and bolsters its candidate status as a new state record, as argued in a recent report from a neighbouring river in the Yazoo Basin.     

白洋淀地区史前环境考古初步研究

作为典型的冲积低平原与浅湖沼地貌形态的白洋淀地区,是研究全新世环境变迁及古环境与古文化相互关系的重要地域。全新世气候的变化,不仅影响着白洋淀地区的自然环境,同时也影响着史前人类的生存模式。多年来该区域考古发现的资料证实,全新世气候暖湿与冷干的交替变化,直接影响到遗址分布的数量和所处的地貌位置,亦即影响到人类对居住点的选择,与此同时也影响着史前文化的经济生活类型。