长三角新城区资源利用效率与环境可持续性评估研究

目前全国新城区已经处于严重的失控阶段,如何更加合理的规划全国的新城区布局,思考其可持续发展的方向成为重要研究课题。本研究基于生态经济学理论及新城区空间尺度从资源利用效率与环境可持续性两方面构建可持续性评估指标体系,应用多准则模糊评价方法NAIADE及PROMETHEE排序方法评估新城区资源利用效率与环境可持续性水平,探讨影响新城区可持续性的短板因素。结果表明：①鄞州新城、宝山新城、闵行新城发展的可持续性最优,嘉定新城、苏州工业园区、滨江新城及下沙新城的可持续性偏低;②建设用地开发强度、人口密度、二氧化氮浓度、人均公共绿地面积、5公里半径内三甲医院数量五个指标是目前制约新城区可持续发展的短板因素;③距离主城远近及用地规模对新城区的可持续性有一定的影响。     

新时期新疆边境城镇体系构建和口岸小城镇发展

新疆所处区位条件决定了边境的稳定与发展在整个区域经济中占据重要位置。把城市化和对外开放结合起来,通过边境城镇体系的构建来密切边境城镇与腹地的联系具有积极作用。边境城镇体系通过交通轴线的连接,对不同层次、不同职能分工的核心、节点、边境城市和口岸小城镇进行空间纵深配置,从而发挥对外开放的城镇整体优势。口岸型小城镇是边境城镇体系的前沿,最具特色。在发展条件较好,规模较大的口岸可考虑直接设立建制镇。在一些自身设镇条件不足的口岸,可考虑与地方、兵团联合设镇,协调管理。     

宁波市域城镇体系中重点镇发展的若干问题研究

宁波地处长江三角洲南翼,是长江三角洲城市带的重要组成部分,目前已形成了以宁波中心城市为核心,包括副中心城市、重点镇和一般镇的市域四级城镇体系。但该城镇体系存在空间分布不均,功能分化不明显,规模结构不合理等问题,制约城市化的进一步发展。文章从研究宁波市域城镇体系中重点镇发展的区域背景着手,分析了重点镇发展的动力因素和制约条件,在此基础上探讨了重点镇发展在宁波市域城市化进程中的作用与发展目标。最后,文章探讨了如何建立有利于重点镇发展的集聚动力和约束机制问题。     

HOUSES, DEFENCES AND STATUS; THE TOWNS OF ROMAN BRITAIN IN THE SECOND HALF OF THE SECOND CENTURY A.D.

Summary. The appearance of spacious and well-equipped houses in the towns of Roman Britain from the mid second century, following an initial period of resistance to urban dwelling on the part of the wealthy, requires explanation. Various possible motivating factors—the increasing prosperity of villa owners, the desire for security, official pressure coupled with renewed imperial interest in urban development, the availability of cheap building land, the example of the coloniae and the promotion of towns to higher rank—are considered. In many cases a combination of these factors will have applied, but the growing prestige of the towns themselves seems to have been a powerful attraction.     

郊区新城发展与大城市空间结构调整:松江案例

目前,我国正处在城市化快速推进阶段,为突破既有城市结构对城市发展的束缚,缓解中心城区的人口、就业、交通、环境等压力,优化城市经济结构,许多城市正在积极拓展新的发展空间,大城市地区的新城建设更是如火如荼。上海自早期的卫星城建设开始,到近期的"一城九镇",再到最近的"1966"城镇体系规划建设框架,一直试图通过郊区城镇的建设和发展来疏解中心城区的巨大压力。特别是最近10年,松江作为上海大都市郊区重要城镇的规划建设,对突破上海中心城区"一核独强"的空间结构所产生的影响在新城建设中颇具典型的意义。本文试图通过松江新城"次核"发育、松江新城的城市功能演化、松江新城人居环境建设三个方面的剖析,探讨新城建设与城市空间结构演化的互动关系,以在宏观上更好地认识和把握新城对城市发展的影响,以期对上海或国内其他大都市区郊区其他新城的建设和多中心城市空间格局的形成有所裨益。     

基于特色产业簇群的城市群空间结构优化研究

城市群在区域经济社会发展中的作用越来越重要。阐述了产业簇群理论、层域理论、空间相互作用理论和生态学理论等城市群空间结构优化依据。深入分析了特色产业簇群视角的城市群空间结构演变过程。构建了全球、国家和区域等不同尺度的廊道组团网络化城市群空间结构优化模式。最后,作者提出了思想观念创新、市场一体化建设、城乡统筹协调发展、特色产业簇群培育等城市群空间结构优化路径等。     

中心城市形成前南通市域城镇的形成与时空演变特征

南通地处长江三角洲北隅的沿江沿海交界处,位于我国一级开发轴线"T"型的顶点,与上海隔江相望。南通市域城镇形成和空间结构演变是伴随着陆地的不断长成而自西北向东南推进,城镇数量由无到有,城镇空间结构由简单到复杂,城镇规模由小到大,城镇联系由松散至紧密。历史时期城镇的形成与发展可分为三阶段:城镇空白阶段,城镇形成阶段,中心城市出现阶段等。南通市域城镇的最初形成与煮盐业、水运及海防等因素密切相关,故城镇多沿海岸线呈不规则的弧形分布,沿运河均匀分布。中心城市通州形成后,挣脱了对扬州和泰州的依赖,在行政上与其并列,城镇多沿通州城分布。     

城市群体结构及其演进

城市群形成和发展的本质过程和直观表现是城市群体结构或城市群形态结构产生、发展到成熟完善的过程。文章从城市群体结构的概念入手,研究了其基本型式和结构划分的思路,概括了四圈层空间结构模式,即核心首位城市带、城市组群发育带、城市个体分布带、城市群腹地带。分析了其结节性与均质性、网络性、功能性的特征,并对城市群体结构发展动力、阶段及特征加以理论概括。以城市群演化为基点,对城市群体形态结构、类型和演化规律予以阐述,归纳出城市群体结构和城市群形态类型演化的相关模式。     

Nunc autem a Gothis subversa: the province of Alicante and the Spanish Mediterranean towns between the Byzantine and Visigothic periods

The transition between the sixth and the seventh centuries in the towns of Iberia has been a matter of much discussion, leading to the development of the ‘urban renewal’ model, by which the Visigothic process of state formation generated a new urban munificence. A similar process can be seen in the towns of the Byzantine area, and our aim is to discuss the evolution of the urban settlements of the modern province of Alicante, reassessing the available evidence and comparing it with the models proposed for the Byzantine and Visigothic areas.     

Miami's Little Havana: Yard Shrines,Cult Religion and Landscape

The urban square has been a distinguishing characteristic of European cities for millennia. However, in the context of small towns, where the square is often the sole identifier of their physical urbanity, its role differs from that of large towns. This fact is substantial within national administrative systems that endorse desirable urban status to rural settlements endowed with urban morphology. It is also important in times of extensive EU-subsidized actions aimed at improving the quality of public space in small underresourced towns. However, many projects fail to draw from and respond to the specifics of the local context, and, by focusing on the details and disregarding the basics, they may defeat their purpose. Departing from extensive field observations in Poland, this paper puts theoretical framework and current trends in urban design into relation to various elements of a square's spatial configuration in order to arrive at degrees of their urban significance. By interpreting the fundamental values embedded in the morphology of market squares, this paper attempts to isolate the cultural archetypes that shape our perception of such places as urban. The proposed analysis could be used to meet the main goal of market square revitalization, namely to visually articulate urbanity.