Redrawing the Political Map of Russia: The Duma Election of December 2003

Two experts on the electoral geography of post-Soviet Russia examine the disruption of the relatively stable pattern of political choice evident in the returns from the December 2003 elections to the Russian Duma. The paper documents major shifts, relative to three previous Duma elections, in turnout and the percentage share of vote among major parties and broad party groupings (liberal/reform, nationalist, KPRF/Agrarian, and centrist). Prominent among the latter are the resurgence of nationalist parties, the losses suffered by the communists, the virtual elimination of the reform parties from the national legislative scene, and the consolidation of power by the favorite party of the Kremlin. Journal of Economic Literature, Classification Numbers: H10, O10, R10. 9 figures, 2 tables, 21 references.     

Local Politics,Economic Structure,and Performance: The Case of Sakhalin

Two geographers assess the results of the State Duma elections in Sakhalin Oblast and relate the regional pattern of voting to varying socio-economic conditions of the region. The research is structured to test a working hypothesis that voting patterns in large part can be explained by regional variations in economic structure and performance. More specifically, it explores whether, at the rayon level, there is any relationship between: (1) economic specialization and election results; (2) economic trends and election results; and (3) long-term socioeconomic indicators and election results. The case study is presented as a caveat against the uncritical use of national party preferences as a measure of the political climate in Russia's regions. Journal of Economic Literature Classification Numbers: J60, O18, R12. 2 figures, 7 tables, 36 references.     

Problems of Text and Interpretation in Vergil (Ecl. 1. 69, 4. 29 and A. 6. 561)

This article defends post as a preposition meaning “behind” (de spatio) at Ecl. 1. 69 and the redundant combination incultis … sentibus at Ecl. 4. 29; at A. 6. 561 the author accepts the reading auris instead of auras which is preferred by all recent editors.     

Professor Andrew Charles O'Dell,M.Sc., F.R.S.E.

Regional

The Economic Geography of France. By J. N. Tuppen. 22 × 14, 383pp. 66 tables, 40 figures, bibliography, index. Croom Helm, Beckenham, 1983. £16.95.

Urban France. Ian Scargill, 22 × 14, 186pp. Croom Helm, Beckenham, 1983. £14.95.

Transport Geography

Transport Geography. By H. P. White &; M. L. Senior. 28 × 15.5, 224pp., figures, tables, bibliography, index. Longman, Harlow, 1983. £6.95.

Transport for Recreation. Ed. D. A. Halsall. 22 × 14, 231pp. Inst. Brit. Geogrs., 1983.

Mobile Services in Rural Areas. By M. J. Moseley and J. Packman. 225pp. University of East Anglia, 1983. £8.

Educational

The Fabric of Geography. By W. Farleigh Rice. 24 × 18.5, 288pp. plus worksheets. Longman Harlow, 1983, £4.95.     

Metaceratodus kaopen comb. nov. and M. wichmanni comb. nov., two Late Cretaceous South American species of an austral lungfish genus (Dipnoi)

Cione, A.L. & Gouiric-Cavalli, S., June 2012. Metaceratodus kaopen comb. nov. and M. wichmanni comb. nov., two Late Cretaceous South American species of an austral lungfish genus (Dipnoi). Alcheringa 36, 203–216. ISSN 0311-5518.

Metaceratodus wollastoni, an Australian species, was reported from Upper Cretaceous beds of Patagonia in 1997. Later, three new species (Ceratodus wichmanni, Ptychoceratodus kaopen and Ptychoceratodus cionei), based on scarce material, were described from the same region. Two of these species were later referred to Ferganoceratodus. After examining much more abundant and better-preserved material, we conclude that neither the occurrence of Metaceratodus wollastoni nor those of Ptychoceratodus and Ferganoceratodus in the Cretaceous of South America are supported. We consider that C. wichmanni and P. cionei are synonyms and we reassign the three putative species to Metaceratodus under two new combinations: M. kaopen comb. nov. and M. wichmanni comb. nov. Both differ from the other species of the genus in having pits over most of the occlusal surface and a different occlusal profile of the tooth plate, and most have four ridges in the lower and upper tooth plates. Metaceratodus wichmanni differs from M. kaopen in oclussal profile, inner angle, and symphysis development among other features. Metaceratodus kaopen is known from the upper Santonian–lower Campanian Anacleto Formation of Río Negro province and M. wichmanni from upper Campanian–lower Maastrichtian units of Chubut, Río Negro, Neuquén and Mendoza provinces, Argentina. The occurrence of Metaceratodus in southern South America corroborates a close biogeographical relationship with Australia in the latest Cretaceous.

Alberto Luis Cione [acione@museo.fcnym.unlp.edu.ar] and Soledad Gouiric-Cavalli [sgouiric@museo.fcnym.unlp.edu.ar], División Paleontología Vertebrados, Museo de La Plata, Paseo del Bosque s/n, W1900FWA La Plata, Argentina. Received 23.11.2010, revised 11.7.2011, accepted 7.8.2011.

     

IV. LITERATURE REVIEW

Literature reviewed in this article: Robert Levine, Public Planning Karen Davis, National Health Insurance: Benefits, Costs, and Consequences Martha Derthick, Uncontrollable Spendinq for Social Services Grants Sar A. Levitan and Joyce K. Zickler, The Quest for a Federal Manpower Partnership Kettil Brun, Lynn Pan, and Ingemar Rexed, The Gentlemen's Club: International Control of Drugs and Alcohol Richard L. Rachin and Eugene H. Czajkoski, Drug Abuse Control Timothy H. Hannan, The Economics of Methadone Maintenance Henry J. Aaron, Who Pays the Property-Tax: A New View George F. Break and Joseph A. Pechman, Federal Tax Reform, the Impossible Dream? Robert K. Yin and Douglas Yates, Street-Level Governments: Assessing Decentralization and Urban Services David J. O'Brien, Neighborhood Organization and Interest Group Processes James Q. Wilson, Thinking about Crime W. Henry Lambright, Governinq Science and Technoloqy James L. Sundquist, Dispersing Population: What America Can Learn from Europe     

IV. LITERATURE REVIEW

Book Reviewed in this artice: Alan Edward Bent, The Politics of Law Enforcement Stephen C. Halpern, Police-Association and Department Leaders Robert Wintersmith, Police and the Black Community Richard L. Cole, Citizen Participation and the Urban Policy Process Douglas Yates, Neighborhood Democracy Douglas Cater and Stephen Strickland, TV Violence and the Child Murad Saifulin, ed., The Future of Society Virginia Gray and Elihu Bergman, eds., Political Issues in U.S. Population Policy John C. Hogan, The Schools, the Courts, and the Public Interest Energy Policy Project of the Ford Foundation, S. David Freeman, Director, A Time to Choose-America's Energy Future Robert H. Connery and Robert S. Gilmour, eds., The National Energy Problem. Office of the Secretary General of the Organization for Economic Co-Operation and Development, Energy Prospects to 1985. Paul W. McCraken, moderator, Is the Energy Crisis Contrived? Richard B. Mancke, Performance of the Federal Energy Office MIT Energy Laboratory Policy Study Group, Energy Self-Sufficiency-An Economic Evaluation Patricia E. Starratt, The Natural Gas Shortage and the Congress Edward J. Mitchell, ed., Dialogue on World Oil     

Roberto Gonzalez Echevarria. Myth and Archive. A Theory of Latin American Narrative.

Abstract

Nigel Dennis, ed. El Epistolario (1924–1935). José Bergamín-Manuel de Falla. Valencia: Pre-Textos, 1995. 178 pp. Nigel Dennis, ed. En torno a la poesía de José Bergamín. Universitat de Lleida: 1995. 266 pp.

David K. Danow. The Spirit of Carnival: Magical Realism and the Grotesque. The University Press of Kentucky, 1995. 153 pp.

Karl D. Uitti with Michelle Freeman. Chrétien de Troyes Revisited. (Twayne's World Author Series Revisited, 855) New York: Twayne Publishers, 1995. xv + 169 pp.

Downing A. Thomas. Music and the Origins of Language: Theories from the French Enlightenment. Cambridge University Press, 1995. xi + 195 pp. $49.95.

George May. La perruque de Dom Juan, ou du bon usage des énigmes dans la littérature classique. (Coll. Bibliothèque de l'Âge classique.) Paris: Klincksieck, 1995. 144 pp.

Norman Roth. Converses, Inquisition, and the Expulsion. University of Wisconsin Press, 1995. xv + 429 pp.

Simon Gaunt. Gender and Genre in Medieval French Literature. (Cambridge Studies in French, 53) Cambridge University Press, 1995. x + 372 pp.

F. R. P. Akehurst and Judith M. Davis, eds. A Handbook of the Troubadours. University of California Press, 1995. vii + 501 pp. $55.00 (HB) $22.50 (PB).     

Book Reviews

Book review in this Article In the Light of History. By J. H. Plumb. “What Is the Good of History?” Selected Letters of Carl L. Becker, 1900–1945. Edited with an introduction, by Michael Kammen. An Introduction to Quantitative Methods for Historians. By Roderick Floud. Revolutionaries. Contemporary Essays. By E[ric] J. Hobsbawm. Business Enterprise and Economic Change: Essays in Honor of Harold F. Williamson. Edited by Louis P. Cain and Paul J. Uselding. Origins of English Feudalism. By R. Allen Brown. English Diplomatic Administration, 1259–1339. By G. P. Cuttino. Gilles Aycelin: The Servant of Two Masters. By Jo Ann McNamara. William Dell, Master Puritan. By Eric C. Walker. Ralph Fitch, Elizabethan In the Indies. By Michael Edwardes. The Zulu War. By David Clammer. France and Britain in Africa: Imperial Rivalry and Colonial Rule. Edited by Prosser Gifford and Wm. Roger Louis. West African States and European Expansion: The Dahomey-Niger Hinterland, 1885–1898. By Boniface I. Obichere. Rulers of Empire: The French Colonial Service in Africa. By William B. Cohen. British Policy Towards West Africa: Select Documents, 1875–1914. With Statistical Appendices, 1800–1914. By C. W. Newbury. The Evolution of the Egyptian National Image: From Its Origins to Ahmad Lutfi al-Sayyid. By Charles Wendell. The Taiping Revolutionary Movement. By Jen Yu-wen, with the editorial assistance of Adrienne Suddard. Listening to Japan: A Japanese Anthology. Edited by Jackson H. Bailey. Brazil from Colony to World Power. By Donald E. Worcester. A History of Spain and Portugal. By Stanley G. Payne. The Jacobin Club of Marseilles, 1790–1794. By Michael L. Kennedy. The French Revolution of 1830. By David H. Pinkney. Napoleon III. By W. H. C. Smith. New French Imperialism, 1880–1910: The Third Republic and Colonial Expansion. By James J. Cooke. The Failure of Illiberalism: Essays of the Political Culture of Modern Germany. By Fritz Stern. The Evolulion of Hitler's Germany: The Ideology, The Personality, The Movement. By Horst von Maltitz. The Russian Constitutional Experiment: Government and Duma, 1907–1914. By Geoffrey A. Hosking. The Provisional Government. By Vladimir D. Nabokov. Edited by Andrew Field. With an introduction by Richard Pipes. Marlborough as Military Commander. By David Chandler. Alex: The Life of Field Marshal Earl Alexander of Tunis. By Nigel Nicolson. Wavell. The Viceroy's Journal. Edited by Penderel Moon. The Making of Modern English Society from 1830. By Janet Roebuck. The Evolution of the British Welfare State: A History of Social Policy since the Industrial Revolution. By Derek Fraser. The Railway Interest. By Geoffrey Alderman. The Semblance of Peace: The Political Settlement After the Second World War. By Sir John Wheeler-Bennett and Anthony Nicholls. America: A Dutch Historian's Vision, From Afar and Near. By Johan Huizinga, translated, with an Introduction and Notes, by Herbert H. Anglo-American Politics, 1660–1775: The Relationship Between Parties in England and Colonial America. By Alison Gilbert Olson. Colonial New Jersey: A History. By John E. Arms For Empire: A Military History Of The British Colonies In North America, 1607–1763. By Douglas Edward Leach. Whales and Destiny: The Rivalry between America, France, and Britain for Control of the Southern Whale Fishery, 1785–1825. By Edouard A. The Dorr Rebellion: A Study in American Radicalism: 1833–1849. By Marvin E. Disrupted Decades: The Civil War and Reconstruction Years. By Robert H. Stephen A. Douglas. By Robert W. Purity Crusade: Sexual Morality and Social Control, 1868–1900. By David J. Marcus Garvey. Edited, with an introduction, by E. W. E. B. Du Bois. Edited, with an introduction, by W. Black New Orleans, 1860–1880. By John W. Black Business in the New South: A Social History of the North Carolina Mutual Life Insurance Company. By Walter B. Judge: The Life and Times of Leander Perez. By James Conaway. Working the Homestake. By Joseph H. Cash. Horace Tabor: His Life and the Legend. By Duane A. Smith. Take Up Your Mission: Mormon Colonizing Along the Little Colorado River, 1870–1900. By Charles S. Peterson. The American Peace Movement and Social Reform, 1898–1918. By C. Roland The Diary of James A. Garfield. Vol. III: 1875–1877. Edited with an introduction by Harry James Brown and Frederick D. Williams. The Presidency of William Howard Taft. By Paolo E. Coletta. Aggressive Introvert: A Study of Herbert Hoover and Public Relations Management, 1912–1932. By Craig Lloyd. Quest and Response: Minority Rights and the Truman Administration. By Donald R. McCoy and Richard T. Ruetten. United States-Spanish Relations, Wolfram and World War II. By James W. Cortada. The United States Postal Service. By Gerald Cullinan.     

Australian Cenozoic Bryozoa, 2: Free-living Cheilostomata of the Eocene St. Vincent Basin,S.A., including Bonellina gen. nov

Schmidt, R., March 2007. Australian Cenozoic Bryozoa, 2: Free-living Cheilostomata of the Eocene St. Vincent Basin, S.A., including Bonellina gen. nov. Alcheringa 31, 67-84. ISSN 0311-5518.

Free-living bryozoans are diverse in the Eocene sediments of the St. Vincent Basin, South Australia. They include Bonellina pentagonalis gen. et sp. nov., Otionellina sp. cf. O. exigua (Tenison Woods), Otionellina sp. cf. O. cupola (Tenison Woods), Tubiporella magna (Tenison Woods), Celleporaria nummularia (Tenison Woods), and an indeterminate species only found as moulds. This diversity and abundance is highest in the sediments representing the initial transgressive marine facies, where they occur in ‘sand fauna’ bryozoan assemblages (e.g. with Melicerita and Siphonicytara). Free-living bryozoans decrease up-section and are absent from latest Eocene sediments, indicating a significant environmental shift.

Rolf Schmidt [rschmid@museum.vic.gov.au], Museum Victoria, Melbourne, Vic 3001, Australia; received 18.3.2005, revised 14.12.2005.     

Fors and Forte in Vergil and the Problem of A. 1. 377

The author looks at Vergil’s treatment of fors and forte and finds that forte sua at A. 1. 377 is not only exceptional, but most probably a corruption not least due to forte being used in the previous sentence. He conjectures instead sorte sua “due to its (namely the storm’s) own (special and arbitrary) law”.     

Intersections: history,memory, discipline. By Brij V. Lal. Lautoka

Bellona Island Beliefs and Rituals. By Torben Monberg. Pacific Islands Monograph Series No. 9. Honolulu, University of Hawaii Press, 1991. xix, 449 pp, figs, genealogies, maps, photos, tables, bibliog., index. $US42.

Te Waimana, The Spring of Mana: Tuhoe History and the Colonial Encounter. By Jeffrey Sissons. Te Whenua Series No. 6, Pacific People, Land, and Literature. Dunedin, University of Otago Press, 1991. xiv, 304 pp; maps, photos, figs, gloss., bibliog., index. ISBN 0–908569–59–9. $NZ39.95.

Labour in the South Pacific. Edited by Clive Moore, Jacqueline Leckie and Doug Munro. Townsville, James Cook University, 1990. 335 pp, maps, tables, bibliog., index.

Health and Healing in Tropical Australia and Papua New Guinea. Edited by Roy MacLeod and Donald Denoon. Townsville, James Cook University, Department of History and Politics and Centre for Melanesian Studies, 1991. xviii, 213 pp, intro., notes, bibliog., index. $A16 ($A25 outside Australia including postage).

Beach‐la‐Mar to Bislama: the emergence of a national language in Vanuatu. By Terry Crowley. Oxford Studies in Language Contact. Oxford, Oxford University Press, 1990. xxi, 422 pp. $A120.

The Mundugumor: From the Field Notes of Margaret Mead and Reo Fortune. By Nancy McDowell. Washington, Smithsonian Institution Press, 1991. xiii, 337 pp.

Singer in a Songless Land: A Life of Edward Tregear 1846—1931. By K, R. Howe. Auckland, Auckland University Press, 1991. 241 pp. $NZ39.95.

The Empty Place: Poetry, Space and Being among the Foi of Papua New Guinea. By James S. Weiner. Bloomington, Indiana University Press, 1991. xiv, 218 pp, maps, illus., bibliog., index.

On the Margins of History: From the Punjab to Fiji. By Oskar Spate. History of Development Studies 3. Canberra, National Centre for Development Studies, Research School of Pacific Studies, Australian National University, 1991. 142 pp, app. $25.     

Rhodesia: Report on the Administration of Rhodesia. The British South Africa Company. Impressions of South Africa. James Bryce

EUROPE

A Geography of Europe. Edited by George W. Hoffman. 9×6. Pp. ix+775. 156 figs. London: Methuen and Co. Ltd., 1953. 52s 6d.

Die Landschaften der britischen Inseln. By Johann Sölch. 9 1/2×6 1/2. Erster Band. England und Wales. Pp. xii+1–850. Figs. 1–154. Zweiter Band. Schottland und Irland. Pp. 851–1350. Figs. 155–225. Wien : Springer‐Verlag. Vol. I, 1951. Vol. II, 1952. DM 232, or £19, 17s.

Scottish Industry : An Account of what Scotland makes and where she makes it. Edited by C. A. Oakley. Foreword by The Rt. Hon. Lord Bilsland, M.C., D.L., LL.D. 8 1/2×6. Pp. xvii+332. Plates. Sketch maps. Glasgow: The Scottish Council (Development and Industry). William Collins and Sons Ltd, 1953. 25s.

Orkney Miscellany. 8×6 1/2. Pp. 104. 6 illustrations. Kirkwall: Orkney Record and Antiquarian Society Papers, Vol. 1, 1953. 8s 6d.

The Glasgow Story. By Colm Brogan. 7 3/4×5. Pp. 223. Drawings by Keir. London : Frederick Muller Ltd, 1952. 15s.

Devonshire Studies. By W. G. Hoskins and H. P. R. Finberg. 8 3/4 × 5 6/8. Pp. 470. 8 plates. 11 maps and plans. London : Jonathan Cape Ltd, 1952. 36s.

In Search of Winter Sport. By Monk Gibbon. 8 3/4×5 5/8. Pp. 223. 17 illustrations. End‐paper sketch map. London: Evans Brothers Ltd, 1953. 18s.

Three Rivers of France: Dordogne, Lot, Tarn. By Freda White. 8 1/2×5 1/2. Pp. 232. 49 illustrations. Map. London : Faber and Faber Ltd, 1952. 25s. Reprinted, 1953. 15s.

ASIA

South China in the Sixteenth Century : Being the Narratives of Galeote Pereira ; Fr. Gaspar da Cruz, O.P.; Fr. Martin de Rada, O.E.S.A. (1550–1575). Edited by C. R. Boxer. 8 3/4×5 5/8. Pp. xci+388. 8 figs. 12 plates. [Works issued by the Hakluyt Society, Second Series, No. CVL] London. 1953. 40s.

AFRICA

The Suez Canal in World Affairs. By Hugh J. Schonfield. 8 1/2×5 1/2. Pp. x+174. 9 illustrations. 2 sketch maps. [Constellation Books.] London : Vallentine, Mitchell and Co. Ltd, 1952. 15s.

AMERICA

Highland Settler : A Portrait of the Scottish Gael in Nova Scotia. By Charles W. Dunn. 9×6. Pp. xii+180. Frontispiece. 2 sketch maps. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1953. $4.00. London: Geoffrey Cumberlege. 32s.

POLAR REGIONS

John Roe's Correspondence with the Hudson's Bay Company on Arctic Exploration, 1844–1855. Edited by E. E. Rich, M.A., assisted by A. M. Johnson. Introduction by J. M. Wordie, C.B.E., and R. J. Cyriax. 9 1/2×6 1/2. Pp. cvi+401+xiv. 2 illustrations. Sketch map and 2 maps. London : The Publications of The Hudson's Bay Record Society, XVI, 1953.     

Congress,the Presidency,and U.S. Foreign Policy

Gibson, Martha L. Conflict Amid Consensus in American Trade Policy. Washington, DC: Georgetown University Press, 2000. Pp. 213. $55.00 hardbound; $17.95 softbound.

Henehan, Marie T. Foreign Policy and Congress: An International Relations Perspective. Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan Press, 2000. Pp. 248. $49.50 hardbound.

Brands, H.W. The Foreign Policies of Lyndon Johnson: Beyond Vietnam. College Station, TX: Texas A&M Press, 1999. Pp. 194. $29 95 hardbound.

McNamara, Robert S., James G. Blight, and Robert K. Brigham, with Thomas J. Biersteker and Herbert Y. Schandler. Argument Without End: In Search of Answers to the Vietnam Tragedy. New York, NY: Public Affairs, 1999. Pp. 512. $27.50 hardbound; $17.00 softbound.     

1. INTRODUCTION

Why were mid‐nineteenth‐century Hispanic populations so small in what is now the American Southwest, after centuries of colonization? A brilliant new literature provides a model of explanation in the authority of formidable indigenous polities, especially that great power that Pekka Hämäläinen reveals to us in his book The Comanche Empire. ¹ 1 Pekka Hämäläinen, The Comanche Empire (New Haven: Yale University Press, 2008).
Employing an exercise in cartographic history, centered on the Pecos River Valley, we can confirm a hypothesis drawn from that theoretical model: Comanche sway was so great that European mapmakers appear to have lost knowledge about that geographical region. This new historical model deserves close attention from scholars. In this forum, four leading historians, drawn from different fields, assess the contribution of The Comanche Empire.     

The Vinland Map,R. A. Skelton and Josef Fischer

Philipp Apian, 24 Bairische Landtafeln von 1568. Facsimile edition in colour offset. Munich, 1966 DM 380..

Journals and other documents on the life and voyages of Christopher Columbus. Transl. &; ed. by Samuel Eliot Morison. New York, The Heritage Press (1963).

Bo Bramsen, Gamle Danmarkskort. En historisk oversigt med bibliografiske noter for perioden 1570–1770. K?benhavn, Gr?nholt Pedersen forlag, 1965. pp. 160 c 100 maps. D.kr. 85. (Danish)

Karl Heinz Burmeister, Sebastian Münster, eine Bibliographie. Wiesbaden, Guido Pressler Verlag. 1964. pp. 143, 22 ill., DM 93.60.

Itinerarium orbis Christian!. Der älteste Reise‐atlas der Welt. Facsimile, publ. by Schuler Verlags‐gesellschaft, Stuttgart. 1965. Introd. by A. Fauser and T. Seifert. 267 maps and views. 20 x 27 cm. DM 30.—

The Fry &; Jefferson Map of Virginia and Maryland. Facsimiles of the 1754 and 1794 printings with an index. Published for the Harry demons Publication Fund of the University of Virginia. Charlottes‐ville, the University Press of Virginia, 1966. pp. 48; 2 x 4 reproductions, each 40 x 63 cm. In jacket, 35 x 24 cm. Printed in 500 copies.

Karol Buczek: The History of Polish Cartography from the 15th to the 18th Century. Translated by Andrzej Potocki. Cracow and Warsaw. 1966. 135 pages text, 60 plates, 1 table.

Sebastian Münster: Mappa Europae. Facsimile. Edited by Klaus Stopp. Wiesbaden, Guido Pressler Verlag, 1965, pp. 21, 24 sheets, 2 folded maps. DM 36.‐.

G. R. Crone, Maps and their makers. London, Hutchinson University Library, 1966, pp. xiv + 192. Illustrated. 11/6 paperback.

L. A. Goldenberg, Semen Uljanovi? Remezov, Siberian cartographer and geographer, 1642‐after 1720. Nauka, Moskva, 1965. pp. 260, ill, 3 folded reproduction. 20 x 13 cm. Russian. 3 Rbl.

Francesco Bonasera, Forma veteris urbis Ferrariae. Comune di Ferrara, Centro di studi sul rina‐scimento Ferrarese. Firenze, Leo S. Olschki, 1965. pp. 105, xxvi ill. 31 x 21 cm. 6000 Lire.

The History of Lucas Janszoon Waghenaer and his “Spieghel der Zeevaerdt”; (in colour facsimile). By Dr. C. Koeman, Lecturer in History of Cartography, State University of Utrecht, The Netherlands. Lausanne, Sequoia S.A., 1964. Facsimile, 12in. x 16Jin. (305 mm. x413 mm.) in case; Introduction, 8 3/4 in. x 11 in. (123 mm. x 800 mm.); 72 pp., 25 pls. price £40.     

Microflora of the H.Y.C. Pyritic Shale Member of the Barney Creek Formation (McArthur Group), middle Proterozoic of northern Australia

The H.Y.C. Pyritic Shale Member of the Barney Creek Formation (ca 1 500 my old; northern Australia) contains several stratiform base metal sulfide deposits of economic significance. Black cherts within these mineral deposits preserve a diverse assemblage of bacterial and algal microfossils. The assemblage differs from most other Precambrian biotas so far described in that it was deposited in deep water, it is not associated with stromatolites or algal mats, and it is dominated by filamentous bacteria, most of which are pyritized. Analysis of the assemblage suggests that the depth of the depositional basin exceeded that of the photic zone, that the bacteria inhabited the basin floor where they maintained anoxic conditions through heterotrophic degradation of detrital organic matter, and that the algae inhabited overlying near surface waters. Most of the algal fossils have been assigned to the Cyanophyta, although two of the described species are potentially referable to the eukaryotic green or red algae. Differences between this assemblage and other biotas described from the McArthur Group suggest that a workable system of biostratigraphic zonation for the Group is feasible.

Fossils in the H.Y.C. assemblage are here referred to 21 species and 16 genera, of which 14 species and 6 genera are new. The new taxa are: Bacteria, Biocatenoides incrustata sp. nov., B. pertenuis sp. nov., Ramacia carpentariana gen. et sp. nov., Coleobacter primus gen. et sp. nov., Ferrimonilis variabile gen. et sp. nov.; Chroococcales (Cyanophyta), Nanococcus vulgaris gen. et sp. nov., Bisacculoides tabeoviscus gen. et sp. nov., B. vacua gen. et sp. nov., B. grandis gen. et sp. nov.; Nostocales (Cyanophyta), Oscillatoriopsis schopfii sp. nov., Cyanonema inflatum sp. nov., C. minor sp. nov.; Incertae sedis, Clonophycus elegans gen. et sp. nov., Globophycus minor sp. nov. In addition, the new combination Gunflintia septata (Schopf) is proposed.     

A. J. P. Taylor,Adolf Hitler,and the Origins of the Second World War

CHRISTON I. ARCHER, JOHN R. FERRIS, HOLGER H. HERWIG, and TIMOTHY H. E. TRAVERS. World History of Warfare. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 2002. Pp. xii, 626. $29.95 (US). Reviewed by John A. Lynn

ANGELOS CHANIOTIS and PIERRE DUCREY, eds. Army and Power in the Ancient World. Stuttgart: Franz Steiner Verlag, 2002. Pp. viii, 204. €44.00, paper. Reviewed by Arthur M. Eckstein

MARTIN CARVER, ed. The Cross Goes North: Processes of Conversion in Northern Europe, AD 300-1300. York: York Medieval Press, University of York; Rochester, NY: Boydell Press, 2003. Pp. xiv, 588. $130.00 (US). Reviewed by John Howe

DANIEL CANER. Wandering, Begging Monks: Spiritual Authority and the Promotion of Monasticism in Late Antiquity. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press, 2002. Pp. xiv, 325. $65.00 (US). Reviewed by John J. Contreni

HUGH KENNEDY. The Armies of the Caliphs: Military and Society in the Early Islamic State. London and New York: Routledge, 2001. Pp. xix, 229. $29.95 (US), paper. Reviewed by Walter E. Kaegi

JEREMY JOHNS. Arabic Administration in Norman Sicily: The Royal Dīwān. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2003. Pp. xviii, 389. $70.00 (US). Reviewed by James M. Powell

DIRK HOERDER. Cultures in Contact: World Migrations in the Second Millennium. Durham, NC and London: Duke University Press, 2002. Pp. xxii, 779. $100.00 (US). Reviewed by J. R. McNeill

NORMAN HOUSLEY. Religious Warfare in Europe, 1400–1536. New York: Oxford University Press, 2002. Pp. viii, 238. $105.00 (CDN). Reviewed by Thomas A. Fudge

SCOTT C. LEVI. The Indian Diaspora in Central Asia and Its Trade, 1550–1900. Leiden: Brill, 2002. Pp. ix, 319. €72.00; DAVID ZWEIG. Internationalizing China: Domestic Interests and Global Linkages. Ithaca and London: Cornell University Press, 2002. Pp. xvi, 291. $22.50 (US), paper. Reviewed by S. A. M. Adshead

HENRY HELLER. Anti-ltalianism in Sixteenth-Century France. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2003. Pp. ix, 307. $60.00 (CDN). Reviewed by Michael Wolfe

WADE G. DUDLEY. Drake: For God, Queen, and Plunder. Washington, DC: Brassey's, 2003. Pp. xiv, 96. $19.95 (US). Reviewed by G. V. Scammell

ALISON WEIR. Mary, Queen of Scots and the Murder of Lord Darnley. New York: Ballantine, 2003. Pp. xvii, 670. $27.95 (US). Reviewed by Jane E. A. Dawson

DAVID FREEDBERG. The Eye of the Lynx: Galileo, His Friends, and the Beginnings of Modern Natural History. Chicago and London: University of Chicago Press, 2003. Pp. xii, 513. $50.00 (US). Reviewed by Steven F. Ostrow

RICHARD LAWTON and ROBERT LEE, eds. Population and Society in Western European Port-Cities, c. 1650–1939. Liverpool: Liverpool University Press, 2002; dist. Portland: ISBS. Pp. xx, 385. –75.95 (US). Reviewed by Dudley Baines

PETER KRUGER and PAUL W. SCHRODER, eds., in co-operation with KATJA WUSTENBECKER. 'The Transformation of European Politics, 1763–1848': Episode or Model in Modern History? Munster: Lit Verlag, 2002. Pp. 356. €35.90. Reviewed by James J. Sheehan

ROBERT L. SCHEINA. Latin America's Wars: I: The Age of the Caudillo, 1791–1899. Washington, DC: Brassey's, 2003. Pp. xxviii, 569. $29.95 (US), paper; CHRIS LEUCHARS. To the Bitter End: Paraguay and the War of the Triple Alliance. Westport: Greenwood Press, 2002. Pp. vi, 254. $68.95 (US). Reviewed by Timothy E. Anna

JOHN GASCOIGNE, with the assistance of PATRICIA CURTHOYS. The Enlightenment and the Origins of European Australia. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2002. Pp. xiii, 233. $65.00 (US). Reviewed by Marian Quartly

ROBERT J. ANTONY and JANE KATE LEONARD, eds. Dragons, Tigers, and Dogs: Qing Crisis Management and the Boundaries of State Power in Late Imperial China. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University East Asia Program, 2002. Pp. xiii, 333. $19.00 (US), paper. Reviewed by John W. Dardess

JOEL MOKYR. The Gifts of Athena: Historical Origins of the Knowledge Economy. Princeton and Oxford: Princeton University Press, 2002. Pp. xiii, 359. $35.00 (US). Reviewed by David Lindenfeld

DANIEL H. BAYS and GRANT WACKER, eds. The Foreign Missionary Enterprise at Home: Explorations in North American Cultural History. Tuscaloosa and London: University of Alabama Press, 2003. Pp. x, 332. $60.00 (US). Reviewed by A. Hamish Ion

MIMI COLLIGAN. Canvas Documentaries: Panoramic Entertainments in Nineteenth-Century Australia and New Zealand. Melbourne: Melbourne University Press, 2002; dist. Chicago: Paul &; Company. Pp. xvi, 250. $32.95 (US). Reviewed by Philippa Mein Smith

MICHAEL STURMA. South Sea Maidens: Western Fantasy and Sexual Politics in the South Pacific. Westport: Greenwood Press, 2002. Pp. x, 193. $63.95 (US) Reviewed by Vicki Luker

SUDIPTA SEN. Distant Sovereignty: National Imperialism and the Origins of British India. New York and London: Routledge, 2002. Pp. xxxi, 216. $22.95 (US), paper. Reviewed by M. J. Marshall

CHARLES ESDAILE. The Peninsular War: A New History. London: Allen Lane, The Penguin Press, 2002. Pp. xv, 587. $49.99 (CDN). Reviewed by Philip G. Dwyer

MARKUS MOSSLANG, SABINE FREITAG, and PETER WENDE, eds. British Envoys to Germany, 1816–1866: II: 1830–1847. New York: Cambridge University Press for the Royal Historical Society in Association with the German Historical Institute, London, 2002. Pp. xxiii, 600. $70.00 (US). Reviewed by John Clarke

SEYMOUR DRESCHER. The Mighty Experiment: Free Labor versus Slavery in British Emancipation. New York: Oxford University Press, 2002. Pp. 307. $50.00 (US). Reviewed by Ralph A. Austen

PATRICK KARL O'BRIEN and ARMAND CLESSE, eds. Two Hegemonies: Britain 1846–1914 and the United States 1941–2001. Aldershot and Burlington: Ashgate, 2002. Pp. xiii, 369. $84.95 (US). Reviewed by William R. Thompson

HOLLIS CLAYSON. Paris in Despair: Art and Everyday Life under Siege (1870–71). Chicago and London: University of Chicago Press, 2002. Pp. xxxi, 485. $55.00 (US). Reviewed by Gay L. Gullickson

JEFFREY W. CODY. Exporting American Architecture, 1870–2000. London and New York: Routledge, 2003. Pp. xviii, 205. $39-95 (US), paper. Reviewed by Annabel Jane Wharton

MICHAEL SCHMID. Der ?Eiserne Kanzler? und die Generäle: Deutsche Rüstungs-politik in der Ära Bismarck (1871–1890). Paderborn: Verlag Ferdinand Schöningh, 2003. Pp. xii, 751. €65.00. Reviewed by Ulrich Trumpener

JULIE A. CHARLIP. Cultivating Coffee: The Farmers ofCarazo, Nicaragua, 1880–1930. Athens: Ohio University Center for International Studies, 2003. Pp. xiv, 288. $28.00 (US), paper. Reviewed by James Thompson

ROBERT O. COLLINS. The Nile. New Haven and London: Yale University Press, 2002. Pp. x, 260. $39.95 (US); HEATHER J. SHARKEY. Living with Colo-nialism: Nationalism and Culture in the Anglo-Egyptian Sudan. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press, 2003. Pp. xiii, 232. $24.95 (US), paper. Reviewed by M. W. Daly

CRAIG WILCOX. Australia's Boer War: The War in South Africa, 1899–1902. New York: Oxford University Press, 2002. Pp. xviii, 541. $75.00 (CDN). Reviewed by Keith Surridge

MARGARET MACMILLAN and FRANCINE MCKENZIE, eds. Parties Long Estranged: Canada and Australia in the Twentieth Century. Vancouver: University of British Columbia Press, 2003. Pp. vi, 288. $85.00 (CDN), cloth; $29.95 (CDN), paper. Reviewed by Coral Bell

MARK BLYTH. Great Transformations: Economic Ideas and Institutional Change in the Twentieth Century. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2002. Pp. xii, 284. $60.00 (US), cloth; $22.00 (US), paper. Reviewed by James K. Galbraith

DANIEL JOSEPH WALTHER. Creating Germans Abroad: Cultural Policies and National Identity in Namibia. Athens: Ohio University Press, 2002. Pp. xiv, 268. $26.95 (US), paper. Reviewed by Jan-Bart Gewald

STEVEN G. MARKS. How Russia Shaped the Modern World: From Art to Anti-Semitism, Ballet to Bolshevism. Princeton and Oxford: Princeton University Press, 2003. Pp. xii, 393. $29.95 (US). Reviewed by William G. Rosenberg

RICHARD F. HAMILTON and HOLGER H. HERWIG, eds. The Origins of World War I. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2003. Pp. xiii, 537. $60.00 (US). Reviewed by Dominic Lieven

CHARLES DE GAULLE. The Enemy's House Divided, trans, and annotated, and with an intro., by Robert Eden. Chapel Hill and London: University of North Carolina Press, 2002; dist. Toronto: Scholarly Book Services. Pp. 1, 177. $53.75 (CDN). Reviewed by John S. Hill

STÉPHANE AUDOIN-ROUZEAU and ANNETTE BECKER. 1914–1918: Understanding the Great War, trans. Catherine Temerson. London: Profile Books, 2002. Pp. v, 280. £15.00. Reviewed by Brian Bond

PAUL NUGENT. Smugglers, Secessionists, and Loyal Citizens on the Ghana-Togo Frontier: The Lie of the Borderlands since 1914. Athens: Ohio University Press, 2002. Pp. xiv, 302. –24.95 (US), paper. Reviewed by Dimitri Van Den Bersselaar

ROGER CHICKERING and STIG FÖRSTER, eds. The Shadows of Total War: Europe, East Asia, and the United States, 1919–1939. Washington: German Historical Institute, and New York: Cambridge University Press, 2003. Pp. x, 364. –60.00 (US). Reviewed by Ian F. W. Beckett

GAYNOR JOHNSON. The Berlin Embassy of Lord D'Abernon, 1920–1926. Basing-stoke and New York: Palgrave, 2002. Pp. xi, 221. –65.00 (US). Reviewed by Andrew J. Crozier

IGNÁC ROMSICS. The Dismantling of Historic Hungary: The Peace Treaty of Trianon, 1920, trans. Mario D. Fenyo. Boulder: East European Monographs; Wayne, NJ: Center for Hungarian Studies and Publications, 2002; dist. New York: Columbia University Press. Pp. v, 201. $40.00 (US). Reviewed by Thomas Sakmyster

ALAN DAWLEY. Changing the World: American Progressives in War and Revolution. Princeton and Oxford: Princeton University Press, 2003. Pp. x, 409. $29.95 (US). Reviewed by David S. Foglesong

PRASENJIT DUARA. Sovereignty and Authenticity: Manchukuo and the East Asian Modern. Lanham: Rowman &; Littlefield, 2003. Pp. xiii, 306. $49.95 (US). Reviewed by John J. Stephan

SANDRA WILSON. The Manchurian Crisis and Japanese Society, 1931–33. London and New York: Routledge, 2002. Pp. 252. $95.00 (US). Reviewed by Antony Best

IAN NISH. Japanese Foreign Policy in the Interwar Period. Westport: Praeger, 2002. Pp. x, 212. $65.95 (US). Reviewed by Frederick Dickinson

RAINER F. SCHMIDT. Die Aussenpolitik des Dritten Reiches, 1933–1939. Stuttgart: Klett-Cotta, 2002. Pp. 448. €25.00. Reviewed by Erich J. Hahn

HENRY G. GOLE. The Road to Rainbow: Army Planning for Global War, 1934–1940. Annapolis: Naval Institute Press, 2003. Pp. xxi, 224. $34.95 (US). Reviewed by Mark A. Stoler

HELEN GRAHAM. The Spanish Republic at War, 1936–1939. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2002. Pp. xiv, 472. $70.00 (US), cloth; $26.00 (US), paper. Reviewed by Willard C. Frank, Jr.

FLORENTINO RODAO. Franco y el imperio japonés: Imágenes y propaganda en tiempos de guerra. Barcelona: Plaza and Janés, 2002. Pp. 668. €18.00 Reviewed by Raanan Rein

ALEXANDER B. ROSSINO. Hitler Strikes Poland: Blitzkrieg, Ideology, and Atro-city. Lawrence: University Press of Kansas, 2003. Pp. xv, 343. $34.95 (US). Reviewed by John J. Kulczycki

RICHARD F. HILL. Hitler Attacks Pearl Harbor: Why the United States Declared War on Germany. Boulder and London: Lynne Rienner, 2003. Pp. vii, 227. $49.95 (US). Reviewed by Robert Freeman Smith

PETER SCHRIJVERS. The GI War against Japan: American Soldiers in Asia and the Pacific during World War II. New York: New York University Press, 2002. Pp. xiii, 320. $45.00 (US). Reviewed by Marc Gallicchio

JON LATIMER. Alamein. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2002. Pp. xiii, 400. $27.95 (US); MARK JOHNSTON and PETER STANLEY. Alamein: The Australian Story. New York: Oxford University Press, 2002. Pp. xii, 314. $60.00 (CDN). Reviewed by Saul Kelly

CHARLIE WHITHAM. Bitter Rehearsal: British and American Planning for a Post-war West Indies. Westport: Praeger, 2002. Pp. xxxvi, 224. –69.95 (US). Reviewed by J. Simon Rofe

JONATHAN E. LEWIS. Spy Capitalism: Itek and the CIA. New Haven and London: Yale University Press, 2002. Pp. vi, 329. $29.95 (US). Reviewed by Alan Warburton

WILLIAM GLENN GRAY. Germany's Cold War: The Global Campaign to Isolate East Germany, 1949–1969. Chapel Hill and London: University of North Carolina Press, 2003. Pp. xii, 351. $49.95 (US). Reviewed by Wilfried Loth

GREG DONAGHY. Tolerant Allies: Canada and the United States, 1963–1968. Montreal and Kingston: McGill-Queen's University Press, 2002. Pp. x, 235. $75.00 (CDN). Reviewed by Edelgard Mahant

ROBERT J. TOPMILLER. The Lotus Unleashed: The Buddhist Peace Movement in South Vietnam, 1964–1966. Lexington: University Press of Kentucky, 2002. Pp. xii, 214. $35.00 (US). Reviewed by Edwin E. Moïse

ROBERT HOPKINS MILLER. Vietnam and Beyond: A Diplomat's Cold War Education. Lubbock: Texas Tech University Press, 2002. Pp. xix, 247. $36.50 (US). Reviewed by Lloyd C. Gardner

PIERRE ASSELIN. A Bitter Peace: Washington, Hanoi, and the Making of the Paris Agreement. Chapel Hill and London: University of North Carolina Press, 2002; dist. Toronto: Scholarly Book Services. Pp. xx, 272. $32.95 (CDN), paper. Reviewed by Jussi M. Hanhimäki

M. S. KOHLI and KENNETH CONBOY. Spies in the Himalayas: Secret Missions and Perilous Climbs. Lawrence: University Press of Kansas, 2002. Pp. xi, 226. $29.95 (US). Reviewed by Robert J. McMahon

JOHN PRADOS. Lost Crusader: The Secret Wars of CIA Director William Colby. New York: Oxford University Press, 2003. Pp. xvii, 380. $35.00 (US). Reviewed by Timothy N. Castle

PETER H. KOEHN and XIAO-HUANG YIN, eds. The Expanding Roles of Chinese Americans in US-China Relations: Transnational Networks and Trans-Pacific Interactions. Armonk: M. E. Sharpe, 2002. Pp. xl, 311. $66.95 (US), cloth; $25.95 (US), paper. Reviewed by Gordon H. Chang

JEFFREY S. LANTIS. Strategic Dilemmas and the Evolution of German Foreign Policy since Unification. Westport: Praeger, 2002. Pp. xiii, 230. $64.95 (US). Reviewed by Stephen F. Szabo

FREDERICK H. FLEITZ, JR. Peacekeeping Fiascos of the 1990s: Causes, Solutions, and US Interests. Westport: Praeger, 2002. Pp. xx. 224. $39.95 (US). Reviewed by Robert L. Pfaltzgraff, Jr.

HENRY R. NAU. At Home Abroad: Identity and Power in American Foreign Policy. Ithaca and London: Cornell University Press, 2002. Pp. xiii, 314. $29.95 (US). Reviewed by Melvyn P. Leffler

KRISTIAN SKREDE GLEDITSCH. All International Politics Is Local: The Diffusion of Conflict, Integration, and Democratization. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 2002. Pp. x, 266. $47.50 (US). Reviewed by Randall L. Schweller

RICHARD MADSEN and TRACY B. STRONG, eds. The Many and the One: Religious and Secular Perspectives on Ethical Pluralism in the Modern World. Princeton and Oxford: Princeton University Press, 2003. Pp. vi, 372. $22.95 (US), paper. Reviewed by Dorothy V. Jones.

MEHDI MOZAFFARI, ed. Globalization and Civilizations. London and New York: Routledge, 2002. Pp. xiv, 274. $120.00 (US). Reviewed by Richard Crockatt

KATHERINE BARBIERI. The Liberal Illusion: Does Trade Promote Peace? Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 2002. Pp. xiv, 184. $42.50 (US). Reviewed by Alfred E. Eckes