现代性及其限度：民国文官考试制度平议

民国文官考试制度是一个传统与现代的混合体.其现代性主要体现为法制化程度的提高,平等性和开放性的增强,考试权的独立和考试内容的现代化.但是对经义考试的保留,对传统科举制考试程序的模仿,考试与任用的脱节,党治和军治色彩的存在,个人因素的干扰,派系势力的抗拒等,又使民国文官考试制度的现代性受到极大限制,难以发挥其应有的功效.     

回顾与展望: 中国大陆地区的民国史研究

近30年来,中华民国史(1912-1949)的学术研究在大陆地区从无到有,有了巨大的发展,已经成为一个成果丰硕、相对完整的学科。大陆民国史研究的主导史观大致经过了从革命史观到民族主义史观、现代化史观的历程。进入21世纪后,民国史研究更呈现多元化的趋势,表现为新研究领域的开拓与新史料的运用。民国史研究若要进一步发展,需要对研究对象与范围进行重新界定,构建新的解释体系与加强国际学术界的合作与交流。     

The Nation in Utero: Translating the Science of Fetal Education in Republican China

As Chinese nationalists grappled with the political and military weakness of the young Republic of China, some sought to strengthen the Chinese race by advocating a return to the ancient practice of fetal education. Fetal education held that every sight, sound, and flavor that a pregnant mother took in through her senses, as well as her emotions and demeanor, directly affected her fetus. This paper examines how the text Taijiao, Song Jiazhao’s 1914 Chinese translation of Shimoda Jirō’s Japanese work Taikyō, presents a modern reformulation of fetal education that draws upon both modern Western science and East Asian medicine. As the text uses modern biology and psychology to explain and demonstrate the efficacy of fetal education, it also narrows the scope of fetal education to focus almost exclusively on the mother’s psychological state. Similarly, as the text turns to instruct women on the practice of fetal education, it draws upon Edo and Qing gynecological principles to emphasise the importance of the pregnant mother’s emotional self-control. Ultimately this text represents a neo-traditionalist response to modernity as it presents a Neo-Confucian vision of fetal education focused on a pregnant mother’s moral self-cultivation and emotional self control.     

众生相：民国日常生活史研究

日常生活是人类尤其是普通民众惯常的经历和感受。日常生活史在研究内容上与社会生活史有类似之处,但它主要强调站在日常生活经历与体验的立场上观察历史、叙述历史。民国时期是中国历史上承前启后的一个重要历史阶段,日常生活既是民国历史的影子,也影响了民国历史的走向。与民国日常生活史相关的研究,多发表于上个世纪90年代中期以后,尤其是近五六年之间。这些研究大致涵盖了日常生活史的各个主要方面,一定程度上改变了民国史研究中日常生活史的失语状态。但就总体来看,自觉地以日常生活的视野进行研究者较少,尤其是缺乏个人经历、心灵体验以及对生活表象背后的意义的挖掘。     

民初华侨联合会述论

针对学术界对华侨联合会研究文章不多的现状,分析了华侨联合会产生的历史背景和特点,阐述了其在民国初年团结华侨积极参加民国的政治、经济、外交、教育等活动。争取华侨权益,以及对民初历史产生的积极影响和历史功绩。回顾这段历史,对于团结海外华侨,发扬其爱国主义精神,引导他们积极参加祖国的现代化建设和统一事业,共同实现中华民族的伟大复兴有着积极的意义。     

Forming an anti-imperialist national identity in Republican China: The Finnish interpretation

This article focuses on Finnish national identities because they expressed the shared experiences of newly established Finnish communities, and they were crucial in constructing a new nation. It also explores created images of the Finnish and Finland, as well as community construction in Republican China, especially after Finland gained independence in 1917. Another aim is to examine those Finnish political, cultural and economic activities that supported their identity construction in China. The specific emphasis will be on analysing the largest and sometimes cross-functioning Finnish groups in China: the governmental officials and the commercial community. By using qualitative methods, namely, discourse analysis and historical analysis, this study shows how the Finnish community created alternative, sometimes imaginative and frequently anti-imperialist national identities in the new Republican China. Indeed, by signing the Treaty Principles of Reciprocity and Equal Treatment, it was agreed that Finland and China ‘shall enjoy same rights, privileges, favours, immunities and exemptions which [might] be accorded to similar foreign agents in accordance with the principles of international law’. This article argues that Finnish aspirations were positively regarded by many Chinese, and they respected this quite unique national connection with Finland.     

Girls on film: Affective politics and the creation of an intimate anti-trafficking public in Singapore through film screenings

The interstices between film and politics occupy a prominent place in recent scholarship in political geography and cognate disciplines, focusing on the ways film establishes relations between viewers and characters. Such processes often utilise affective referents to create ‘intimate publics’. This paper focuses on the relations human trafficking films establish between ‘victims’, viewers and anti-trafficking stakeholders in creating an intimate anti-trafficking public in Singapore. I argue that the third world girl is rendered a moral object of sympathy both through trafficking film and performances by anti-trafficking stakeholders in the cinema. However, in comparison to both film viewers and anti-trafficking stakeholders she is cast as muted and lacking agency. Intimate anti-trafficking publics can emerge through the harnessing of negative emotions that, in this case, privilege the plight- but not the agency – of the female child trafficking victim and are inculcated through film storylines and cinematic performances.     

民国外交官学历背景之量化分析

本文通过对民国时期外交官学历状况的量化分析,认为国内外高等教育,特别是留学教育,成为民国外交官学历出身的主途,这既反映了中国近代外交集团精英化的建构特征,又为民国外交政策的发展走向增加了诸多变数,同时亦体现了中国近代外交教育的某种缺陷或弊端.     

From Republican Party to Republican Religion: The New Political Evangelists of the Right

Abstract

This essay shows an important shift in the Religious Right from Evangelical participation to Renewalist participation in politics. Renewalists, who are largely Pentecostals, Charismatics and non-denominational Christians, have been lumped into the "Evangelical" category by scholars and the media alike. Yet their theological orientations and concerns drive political questions and actions in different ways. Sarah Palin's placement on the Republican ticket in 2008 as the Vice Presidential candidate represents the first time an explicitly Renewalist Christian has been nominated. Since then, Palin's weaving of her theological orientation has influenced both political activity and Republican candidates in the 2012 election. Butler's essay explores Palin's contribution to this change, and poses questions about how this shift affects the future of the Religious Right.     

评民初历法上的“二元社会”

在民国初期推行阳历而出现的“二元社会”格局中,遵循阴历的社会下层是一股潜在而持久的势力,它来自几千年形成的与其息息相关的日常生活习惯,来自下层民众的深厚的日常民俗化。尽管民国初期阴阳历并行,实际上阳历始终未被广大下层民众接受,阴历仍然在民初社会占据着主流。政府推行的像移风易俗这类触及民众日常生活习惯的举措,如果不能妥善处理社会上层与社会下层民众习惯势力既对峙、冲突,又妥协、调适的互动关系,是很难取得实质性成效的。     

中华民国时期华侨研究述评

华侨华人研究在20世纪曾4次引起学术界的兴趣,这均与世界经济和国际政治有密切关系。20世纪初,由于英国在南非引进契约华工开采金矿及美、澳等国的排华运动,华工的待遇、引进华     

Expertise Marginalized: Quality Inspection and the Grain Market in Republican China

With the help of professionally trained agricultural scientists, the Guomindang’s Nationalist government drafted a large-scale program for agricultural reconstruction in the late 1920s and early 1930s. At the heart of the program was a scientific rice-breeding experiment with the potential to produce great numbers of new high-yield rice varieties. However, this scientific achievement could not assure success of the new rice varieties in the market because the marketability of rice was determined not by the scientific productivity improvement but by a series of processes required before the rice reached consumers. For this, local and practical contexts had to be considered. By juxtaposing two different forms of “rice expertise,” this paper illuminates the incompatibility between the state’s productivist understanding of agricultural improvement and the quality issue in the grain market.     

梁济自沉与民初信仰危机

发生在民初的梁济自沉事件,为中国社会转型期的文化重建开启了一极为生动的视角,在民初思想文化领域引起了相当的反响。梁济借“殉清”之名,一面展示其孜孜以求的儒家价值意义世界,一面谴责清末民初污浊的官场、寡廉鲜耻的官吏。梁济自沉正值社会转型、新旧思想急剧变化之时,其内心价值认同与现实的极度紧张,正反映了传统价值体系的崩溃与社会信仰危机之间的关系。     

民国时期北平城市粮食市场区位分布及其等级研究

民国时期北平城市人口众多,粮食需求颇费。北平火车站附近的粮栈作为第一级市场将粮食输入到北平城内,一级销售商携带粮食样品在第二级粮食交易市场进行商品交换,第三级市场销售商在二级交易市场确定货源后,将粮食供应全市人民,最终覆盖整个北平城。第一级粮食市场承担代替外地粮商销售买卖的功能,多集中在车站附近;二级粮食市场确定了一级市场的货源后,进一步将粮食供应系统扩大;三级销售市场的主要表现形式为米庄和陆陈行,其特点为数量大、规模小、覆盖范围广,有效地将粮食输入给最终消费者。粮食供给直接关系到民生问题,本文围绕粮食这一主题,探讨了民国时期北平城市粮食市场的总体运作原则、粮食商业的运行模式以及每级粮食供应商的特点与粮食流通方式,指出北平粮食市场的三个级别间的相互联系。     

民国时期西部的邮路建设

我国西部地区幅员辽阔 ,山川众多 ,民俗各异 ,地理条件十分复杂 ,气候条件十分恶劣 ,现代交通极不发达 ,所以邮路的开发较诸东部地区要复杂棘手得多。民国时期 ,在政府邮政部门的积极组织和参与下 ,西部地区的邮差邮路、汽车邮路和航空邮路得到了开发 ,并对西部地区的邮运乃至于经济都起了非常重要的作用。本文拟对西部地区邮差邮路、汽车邮路和航空邮路的建设作一初探。一、邮差邮路自 1 878年海关试办邮政以来至 2 0世纪 2 0年代的近半个世纪中 ,邮差邮运线几乎担负起了维持内地各处及其与边远的蒙古、新疆、西藏等地的交通的全责。民国时…