容易读错的姓氏

“于”姓,读“甘”,不读干部的“干”.“行”姓,读“形”,不读银行的“行”.“应”姓,读“英”,不读应酬的“应”.“黑”姓,读“贺”,不读黑白的“黑”.“仇”姓,读“求”,不读仇恨的“仇’.“区”姓,读“欧”,不读地区的“区”.“任”姓,读“人”,不读任务的“任”.“朴”姓,读“瓢”,不读朴素的“朴”.“折”姓,读“舌”,不读拆旧的“折”.“单”姓,读“善”,不读单位的“单”.“舍’姓,读“设”,不读舍己的“舍”.“查”姓,读“扎”,不读查找的“查”.“解”姓,读“谢”,不读解放的“解”.“繁”姓,读“婆”,不读繁荣的“繁”.“华”姓,读“化”,不读中华的     

共产党志人大志政府志政协志重点内容的编纂

共产党志的重点内容是重要决策,设“重要决策”章或节,下设“经济”“政治”“文化”“社会”“环境保护”节或目记述。人民代表大会志的重点内容是立法、监督“一府两院”的工作,设“地方立法”“监督”章或节,下设“地方性法规制定”“批准地方性法规”和“决定重大事项”“听取和审议专项工作报告”“执法检查”“调研视察”“议案意见”节或目记述。人民政府志的重点内容是施政纪略,设“施政纪略”章或节,下设“经济建设”“文化建设”“社会建设”“环境保护”“勤政廉政建设”节或日记述。人民政协志的重点内容是参政议政,设“参政议政”章或节,下设“提案”“建议意见”“调研视察”节或目记述。     

字说种种

我常纳闷,有一些汉字,例如“馋嘴”的“馋”,“懒惰”的“懒”,“贪污”的“贪”,“腐烂”的“烂”,“谄媚”的“谄”,“贪婪”的“婪”,“隐瞒”的“瞒”,“颟顸”的“顸”,“翻案”的“翻”,“狡辩”的“辩”,“欺骗”的“骗”,“反动”的“反”,“忐忑”的“忐”,“悲叹”的“叹”,“囚犯”的“犯”,“完蛋”的“完”……说来奇怪,每个字韵母都是“AN”?     

70个异形词语的用字有了规范

国家语委组织制订现代汉语异形词语规范的工作已取得初步结果,《第一批异形词整理表(草案)》于2001年9月13日已经向社会公布,征求意见。 按这个《整理表(草案)》的研究结果,推荐使用的词语包括“按语”、“把式”、“百叶窗”、“般配”、“本分”、“笔画”、“鬓角”、“补丁”、“仓促”、“仓皇”、“差池”、“掺假”、“瓷器”、“粗鲁”、“答复”、“担心”、“淡泊”、“倒霉”、“凋零”、“订单”、“订户”、“订婚”、“二     

定州北庄子汉墓黄肠石题铭零拾

2020年出版的《定州北庄子汉墓黄肠石题铭》一书对北庄子汉墓中出土的718种黄肠石题铭进行了系统整理和全面公布。通过对书中部分释文的重新释读,认为“兒”字下部所从“儿”形与“■”形互讹;编者误释的“白”“卩”“虎”“长”“鱼”“土”等字应是“伯”“卿”“寅”“张”“侯”“士”等字。同时补释出“北”“麃”“唐”“富”“长“”逆“”鱼”等字。     

张家山汉简《引书》补释

本收录笔考释张家山汉简《引书》字词札记八则,释简17的“（）”为“襱”异体,改释简20的“落”为“要”,读作“腰”,并读简100的“落”为“胳”;辩析“信”、“倍”二字,并读简21“参信”为“()伸”;改释简24的“虎”为“柜”;读简72的“應(应)”为“膺”;改释简111的“達”为“通”;读简62等处的“去”为“阖”;考释简34的“（）”读为“顄”。     

清华简《保训》补释

“保”当如字读,“保训”即关于“保”(所当保守者)的训教;“前夗”宣读“前冕”,指前任君王;“詷”字义应为相同的言辞;“恐求中”之“恐”当涉上文衍,“中”即“中庸”(用中)之“中”;“自诣厥志”之“诣”不必读为“稽”;“言不易实变名”之“言不易实”当读断;“假中”谓学来中道;“宿不详”之“详”当如原简释“蓑”,义同“永”.     

“文革”打鸡血

“血腥”和“愚昧”是“文革”的两大特点。十年浩劫,满是荒唐,“打鸡血”便是一例。一边是大破“四旧”封建迷信,一边却又迷幻于“神水”、“圣水”、“打鸡血”、“喝胃宝”、“甩手疗法”等“神奇”、“科学”和“专业”的“养生绝招”,“文革”让人啼笑皆非。     

《九歌》要籍解题

历代对于《九歌》的理解,往往人言言殊,莫衷一是：诸如“渊源”、“原型”、“篇名”、“篇目”、“篇次”、“作”、“作期”、“男女相恋”、“体裁”、“祭祀”、“人神”、“巫术”、“歌舞”、“寄托”、“神格”、“作意”等,均在争讼之列,通过《九歌》作“解题”,了解研究的来龙去脉与困难症结。     

鹤壁狮跑泉窖藏战国货币

１９８１年底,鹤壁市石林乡狮跑泉村的村民在村西边取土时,挖掘出３个南北排列一致的圜底陶罐。陶罐内贮古币４８７０枚,约重３５公斤。这批出土货币基本上没有散失。经我馆收集整理,发现这批货币时间上跨战国中晚期,分锐角异形布、平首平肩方足布和“垣”字圜钱三大类,有“垂”、“公”、“平阳”、“平阴”、“安阳”、“宅阳”、“梁邑”、“安邑一■”、“梁正尚百当■”、“长子”、“王氏”、“■”、“咎如”、“中都”、“皮氏”、“丘贝”、“屯留”、“鲁阳”、“■”、“兹城”、“■垣”、“祁”、“蔺”、“蒲”、“盥”…     

Telling small stories: spaces of knowledge and the practice of geography

This article examines how the practice of learning geography, and the arenas in which knowledge-making takes place, can be usefully positioned within changing histories of the discipline. It contends that networks of action – understood through the intersection of social sites, subjects and sources – present a conceptual framework and narrative focus for the re-consideration of specific episodes from geography's past. The interventions made here are informed and illustrated by a 'small story' about the doing of geography. Based on different personal accounts, the story revives a series of events, encounters, dialogues and images dating back to the winter of 1951 at Glenmore Lodge, Scotland. This educational institution in the Cairngorm mountains offered children from urban areas the opportunity to learn field studies and the skills of 'outdoor citizenship'. Initially, the focus falls on Margaret Jack, a 14-year-old field-course participant. Her learning experiences are traced through personal letters, a diary and a field journal dating from that time, and her recent recollections of this event. Margaret's account dovetails with the story of her field studies instructor, Robin Murray. Robin's role is traced through his learning experiences as a geography undergraduate at Aberdeen University, and the recent recollections of Catriona Murray, his wife.     

Das Wissen der Schulden. Recht,Kulturtechnik und Alltagserfahrung im liberalen Kapitalismus

The Knowledge of Debt: Law, Media Technique, and Everyday Experience in Liberal Capitalism. Performing an object such as ‘the economy’ hinges on practices of formatting knowledge. The article proposes to look at such instituting moments in connection with social conflicts over the legitimate rules of exchange. This is exemplified by way of recounting the story of the codification of Swiss bankruptcy law in 1889. In order to homogenize the legal procedures of debt collection and bankruptcy, two subject categories were instituted: ‘merchants’ and ‘non-merchants’. These different categories were thought to account for the diverging temporalities and spaces of credit exchange in everyday economic life. The introduction of the commercial register, a media-technical apparatus, enabled a formal distinction between ‘merchants’ and ‘non-merchants’. However, this boundary was contested and proved to be porose.     

Two radiocarbon dates for freshwater shells from hierakonpolis: Archaeological and geological interpretations

Shells of two species of freshwater bivalve (Unio willcocksi Bullen Newton and Etheria elliptica Lamarck) from the predynastic Gerzean (Nagada II) Decorated Tomb at Hierakonpolis, Egypt have given dates of 5000±90 bp for the tomb, and 12,900±120 bp for an episode of Nile terrace accumulation (correlated here with the Sahaba-Darau aggradation event). The archaeological and geological significance of these results is discussed, together with an outline of problems associated with radiocarbon dating of shell. Comparisons are made with the few other radiocarbon dates available for the Predynastic period in Egypt and possible reasons for the presence of shells in the tomb are considered.     

Some chronological implications of a fossil molluscan assemblage from a neolithic site at Brook,Kent, England

The later post-glacial history of a valley in the chalk escarpment near Brook, Kent, is described, based on molluscan stratigraphy, archaeological evidence and radio-carbon dating. Differences in size and colour banding, respectively, of fossil and living representatives of two species of land snails, Pomatias elegans (Müller) and Cepaea nemoralis (L.), are correlated with climatic change during the post-glacial period. The problems of the use of fossil shells of these species as samples for radiocarbon dating are discussed.     

China's Dynamic Industrial Sector: The Internet Industry

A Singapore-based economic geographer explores and analyzes the spatially uneven evolution of the Internet industry in China, arguing that the country's immense regional disparity in the provision of Internet services is best explained by the interplay of place- and path-dependence. The author demonstrates how the highly uneven regional endowments in relevant industrial and entrepreneurial resources have led to the substantial and persistent regional imbalance within China's emerging "new economy." His initial survey of the country's 100 leading Internet content providers (firms), identified from a listing of ca. 11,700 commercial websites, is selectively augmented to reflect an increase of over 70 million Internet users in 2007, reaching a total of 253 million in June 2008, and thus overtaking the United States as the world's largest Internet market. Journal of Economic Literature, Classification Numbers: L10, L86, O30. 6 figures, 1 table, 53 references.     

The 1911 International Exposition in Rome: architecture, archaeology, and national identity

This paper discusses the 1911 International Exposition in Rome and illustrates how this patriotic celebration of the fiftieth anniversary of the Italian Sate utilized symbolic landscapes of architecture and archaeology to promote nationalist sentiments of italianità and romanità centered on the young capital of Rome. Through modern art exhibitions at the Valle Giulia, scientific conferences at the Castel Sant’Angelo, archaeological exhibits on the Roman Empire in the Baths of Diocletian, and regional Italian pavilions in the Piazza d’Armi, exposition officials offered a complex representation of Italian national identity that was modern yet ancient, cosmopolitan yet bucolic, European yet regional, and imperial yet developing.     

The Rise and Fall of Alexander the Great – The Need for Medical Analysis: Reply to Commentaries

Alexander the Great died in 323 B.C. from an unknown cause. By elucidating the nature of his death, we can better interpret various aspects of Alexandrian history. Alexander’s death may have ensued from the sequelae of a congenital scoliotic syndrome. It would therefore be of significance to note that one of the greatest leaders in history who conquered much of the then known world may have been suffering from a physical disability.     

Hospital Drama: Visual Theatres of the Medical Rendezvous from Asylum to Hospital with Reference to Specific Works by Anna Furse

Abstract

This paper is informed by Furse’s practice as a theatre maker in two fields of output that are connected by two factors: first, the presence of the woman patient — hysteric/subfertile respectively — within the clinical gaze; second, the significance of the womb to each pathology. In the treatment of each (explored in Furse’s theatre), lens based technologies play their part, whilst the cultural and medical can be seen to have overlapped to produce specific meaning with regard to Her body and its spectacularity. The article presents an overview of some of the key issues in precisely how the woman’s body becomes spectacular within this prosthetic medical gaze and how the medical — and theatrically designed spaces to represent these — become meaningful and potent proxemics that in turn inform medical/ theatrical spectatorship. Overarching nineteenth-century protocols at the Salpêtrière Hospital in Paris (where Furse’s Augustine (Big Hysteria) is set) to contemporary imaging technologies used in the treatment of subfertility with Assisted Reproduction Technologies (the topic of her Art of A.R.T. projects), it examines the way in which photography develops through cinema to X-Ray, ultrasound and then 3D/4D ultrasound to ‘capture’ the woman’s body in ways by which she becomes muted and exposed. These occular technologies that extend the gaze, first to an exterior subject and then, eventually, traversing the flesh without knife, lend specific performativity to the ‘patient’ women, within the context of hysterias and reproductive impairments respectively. Finally, issues of suspension of disbelief are addressed. The spectator’s faith in the screen-based image of Her spectacular body is interrupted in Furse’s work, which is also keenly interested in the effect of such imagery on the woman’s sense of Self. The historical and cultural leaps in this article argue that there is indeed a trajectory through the history of medical imaging since the first application of photography to anatomy to the more advanced scoping technologies of medical imaging today, and that in each era, the production of these images remain fraught with cultural implications.     

The Death of Alexander the Great – A Spinal Twist of Fate

Alexander the Great died in 323 B.C. from an unknown cause. Physical depictions of this historical figure reveal the likelihood of a cervical scoliotic deformity. This is substantiated with the medical history and is correlated with his untimely death. For the first time, it is concluded that Alexander’s death may have ensued from the sequelae of a congenital scoliotic syndrome.