Projects Forming A Bridge Between Tib The Outside Woild

Editor's Note: The State-initiated the Radio and TV Project begun in October 2000 is intended to make it possible for Tibetans to keep abreast with the times. Here is an introduction to three of the new projects undertaken in the last few years.     

The Issue of Tibet in China-US Relations During The Second World War

Even before the 1911 revolution in China, American missionaries, explorers and diplomats had began the process of acquiring knowledge about Tibet and Tibetans in the Chinese Empire. Immediately after the 1911 revolution, the US government, in order to maintain their "Open Door" policy, and to protect their interests in China, demonstrated their disagreement     

Ajvatovica: A Bridge Between Tradition and National and Religious Identity

The religious/cultural event Ajvatovica, the most attended Muslim gathering in Europe, provides a vivid example of the “cooperation” that exists between the nation and religion in contemporary Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH). Although officially a religious event, it has a special place in the ambiguous nation-building project of BiH, relating specifically to the nation-building process of Bosniaks. In this paper, I will address this religious event in its historical and social context, and point to its significance and symbolism. I will pay particular attention to the attitudes of the socialist authorities towards this event, the motives behind its revival and its context, and the modifications made to it during the 1990s, which were closely related to the social and political changes taking place in BiH.     

The Iconography of Connectivity Between the Hohokam World and Its Southern Neighbors

Journal of Archaeological Research - Archaeologists have long compared the Hohokam world of the North American Southwest to contemporary traditions in Mesoamerica and West Mexico. A degree of...     

清代灞桥建修工程考论

作为东西方向官道上的重要节点,清代灞桥先后经历过5次重大建修工程和3次重建规划。本文以清代官员奏折档案为基础,结合地方志、碑刻、行纪等,对清代灞桥的通行状况、使用分期、桥梁形态、建修经费、工程规模、灞桥建修对区域交通、县丞署移建等的影响进行了论述,在厘清传统史志记载谬误的同时,指出灞桥建修工程与规划反映了清人对灞河水沙状况认识的逐渐加深、桥梁建造技术的进步,透射出清代陕西官府与民间社会在大型工程建修上的协作关系,以及关中士绅、商贾在区域公共事务中影响力的逐渐扩大。     

两战间的日本法西斯主义及其对外扩张理论

两次世界大战之间的二三十年代,法西斯主义在日本兴起。法西斯主义不仅改变了日本的社会政治,更提出了一系列扩张理论,强化了近代军国主义确立以来的对外侵略政策,为发动第二次世界大战从多方面作了社会动员与理论准备。由近代军国主义体制的制约,新兴法西斯主义可以区分为民间(即不穿军装的)法西斯与军队法西斯两大类别。借对外战争实现其大陆侵略政策,同时反击民主派势力,这是军部法西斯与民间法西斯势力的主要契合点。日本法西斯扩张理论的基本特点在于,为论证对外战争的必要性,最大限度动员民众投入战争,它们遍及思想文化各领域,花样繁多、内容庞杂。既有对于传统武士道、日本主义、天皇中心论等思想的兼收并蓄,更主要是一批现代法西斯理论家、活动家针对时局提出各种论述,以及军部各决策机构制定策案纲要所确认的指导思想,表述形式五花八门,极富于诡辩性、多样性、独特性、应用性与丰富性。     

抗战前后中美英西藏问题的交涉

作为我国边疆领土的一部分,在近现代历史上,西藏很早就受到西方列强的觊觎。与美国相比,老牌殖民帝国英国更早涉入西藏问题,早在20世纪初叶英国就确立了在西藏的势力范围优势。因此,当太平洋战争爆发后美国发现西藏的地缘战略重要性时,势必与英国在西藏的利益发生冲突。本文通过抗战前后中美英关于西藏地位问题的交涉,分析新老列强在西藏问题上立场的不同。由此还可以看到战后美国与英国等欧洲大陆国家的西藏立场差异之由来。     

新中国对外开放基本国策的开创

新中国的对外开放,由于种种主观和客观原因,经历了曲折坎坷的过程。以1972 年中美关系缓和后的中国对外引进高潮为开端,以毛泽东为代表的中共第一代领导集体开始探索建立对外开放的基本战略;从1978年起,以邓小平为代表的中共第二代领导集体开始把对外开放确立为现代化建设的总方针,经过实践完善,直到中共十三大,对外开放终于成为社会主义初级阶段基本路线的一个基本点,对外开放的基本国策在真正意义上形成了。     

The changing World : A review

Abandoned farmsteads are a characteristic feature of Scotland's marginal uplands. Yet little is known of the quantity or location of these early settlements or indeed, of the date of their abandonment. This paper outlines a method of mapping and dating deserted settlement sites and exemplifies the method by reference to abandonment in the Lammermuir Hills in South East Scotland. In this area alone it appears that more than 230 settlements were abandoned before 1860, and a further 104 over 1860‐1970. The scale of this abandonment is greater than has been generally supposed and must lead to speculation about the extent of former settlement elsewhere in upland Scotland.     

桥的象征意义世界——读《境界与象征：桥和民俗》

文化象征体系一向是人类学和民俗学关注的重要主题之一。这两门学科都以人们的生活世界为研究对象,而在象征人类学或阐释人类学看来,生活世界是由意义构成的。一种文化的象征体系展现了该文化的宇宙观图式和价值体系,它渗透于人们“如何说、如何做、如何想”的各个层面。由于仪式和某些在人们生活中具有特殊地位的事象能浓缩地体现象征体系的结构或某些方面,它们往往成为进行象征意义讨论的关注点。     

工业遗产话语变迁的模式、成因及演化分析——以英国世界遗产铁桥峡谷为例

世界遗产的政治化引发学界更多地从批判性视角解构和重构文化遗产,并逐渐发展为聚焦遗产话语的跨学科研究范式与研究视角.英国世界遗产铁桥峡谷是工业遗产话语变迁的典型案例,其显示出工业遗产话语经历话语离散、话语聚焦和话语绑定三个阶段.其变迁原因有三:迎合UNESCO的权威遗产话语体系,契合英国城市复兴和社区文化需求,获得社会资...     

The Iron Bridge at Sunderland: A Revision

Abstract

The rapid expansion and subsequent collapse of the local brick and tile industry in the American Midwest between 1870 and 1910 is one of the most striking episodes in the industrial history of the United States. This study draws largely on local material to detail this expansion and collapse in a four county area of Central Illinois. Between 1870 and 1910 eighty commercial brick and tile works were established. Most remained in production for less than twenty years. Today only one, Diller Brothers in Chatsworth, continues in business. This paper describes the rise and fall of this industry, examining its origin, locational pattern, methods of operation, structures, decline, and impact on the present landscape.     

世界遗产:人和遗产的关系变革

纵观1978年以来《世界遗产名录》的变化轨迹,可以清晰地看到世界遗产事业发展所走过的道路:从精英阶层的遗产到平民百姓的遗产;从人类征服自然的杰作到人与自然和谐共生的产物;从单一文化的代表到文化交流和交融的成果;从单点小规模遗产到跨区域跨国境巨尺度遗产;从古代遗产到现代遗产;从静态遗产到活态遗产.这种发展还反映在全社会对遗产关注点的变化,即:从关注遗产点的时代断代到关注遗产点在整个历史进程中的地位、作用及影响;从关注文化到关注文化与自然的互动;从关注物质遗产到关注物质与非物质遗产共生:从关注物质遗存到关注物质遗存与社会和人的关系;从关注利益相关者的权益到关注全民参与保护,保护惠及民生的实践.这种认识上的发展体现了"以人为本"的精神,也体现出遗产保护与当地社会发展的和谐共进.