The Armada Tapestries in the Old Palace of Westminster

The tapestry series of the ‘Defeat of the Spanish Armada’ was a national artistic treasure which hung in the old Palace of Westminster from the mid 17th century until the fire of 1834. This article outlines the creation of the tapestries in the 1590s and covers the major treatments of them in illustrations of parliamentary interiors and in John Pine's 1739 engravings; it ends with a short account of the curious episode of the tapestry which escaped the conflagration. In the absence of any known historical record of how the tapestries were displayed, suggestions are offered about how many and in what order they hung in the two chambers occupied successively by the house of lords (before and after 1801), and about how they were physically supported on the walls of the Parliament Chamber.     

The Office of Housekeeper of the House of Lords

This note illustrates one aspect of the process whereby the palace of Westminster evolved from a royal residence into the seat of parliament, explains how the housekeeper of that palace came to be associated with the house of lords and lists the holders of the office from the 16th to the 19th century.     

布达拉宫壁画的保护研究

布达拉宫是一处世界文化遗产,保存了大量的反映西藏政治、经济、文化、社会生活、佛教等题材的壁画,具有极高的历史价值、艺术价值和科学价值。受自然和人为因素的影响,壁画不同程度的产生了空鼓、起甲等病害,严重影响了文物的保存。本文针对壁画的最严重的空鼓病害,通过室内实验和现场试验研究,筛选出了vRPS为主剂,粉煤灰（F）加阿嘎土（A）为填料的无机灌浆材料并辅以锚杆补强加固空鼓壁画的修复材料和修复工艺,取得了良好的效果。同时对内窥镜检测壁画空鼓状况以及探地雷达检测空鼓加固后的效果也做了尝试性的试验研究。     

故宫的价值与故宫博物院的内涵

故宫与故宫博物院密切相关,对故宫价值认识的程度,影响着对故宫博物院内涵的理解与功能的定位。故宫人对文物及其价值的认识有一个逐步深化的过程。博物馆不只是收藏“人类和人类环境的见证物”,更要在收集、保护、研究和传播上下功夫。故宫的古建筑不只是一个“壳”,更是中华传统文化的一个载体和标志,也体现了建筑艺术中各民族文化的交流和融合。在反映宫廷历史文化方面,故宫及其藏品可称为是明清皇家生活方式的标本,值得深入挖掘、整理和利用。从传统的古物概念扩展到保护文化遗产,是故宫人对故宫价值认识的一个飞跃,故宫不仅要保护有形的,而且要高度重视、努力抓紧保护无形的文化遗产。     

The Members of the House of Lords and the Hanoverian Succession

This essay examines what happened in August and September 1714, from the death of Queen Anne on 1 August to the swearing-in of the new privy council on 1 October, specifically from the perspective of the membership of the house of lords. It confirms that most members were present in London during this period and active in parliament, the privy council, the regency, and politics generally. Very few were absent without a good reason.     

蒙古国博格达汗宫建筑木构件彩绘工艺及材料分析

本研究应用剖面显微观察和显微红外光谱等分析手段对蒙古国博格达汗宫建筑彩绘的制作材料和工艺特征进行了分析,剖面显微观察显示历次彩绘重彩层次结构;紫外显微剖面观察还发现了彩绘层中施胶的信息。分析结果还显示：博格达汗宫建筑彩绘工艺与中国彩绘传统工艺基本相同。     

故宫博物院近期对外及港澳台地区的文化交流

故宫博物院作为国内藏品最多、最有影响力的综合类博物馆,一直保持十分活跃的对外交流态势。2008年以来,故宫博物院积极与国(境)外博物馆建立战略合作关系,打造长期交流机制。如举办和参加各类形式的涉外展览,扩大了对外交流空间;开展并深化项目交流与合作,拓宽了国际视野和交流平台;充分利用各种平台开展多层次学术交流,开展有针对性的出访活动;建立了与国(境)外博物馆的沟通联系;完成多项国宾接待任务;接收海外和港澳实习生等。此外,全面推进两岸故宫的交流与合作。将来,故宫博物院将一如既往地积极开展此类文化交流,让世界了解、欣赏和接受优秀的中国传统文化。     

必出于己——析笔墨风格在古画鉴定中的作用

认识和掌握不同画家的笔墨风格,是古画鉴定工作中的一个重要方面。深入了解和把握画家所在的时代、师承、自身的禀性气质、早、中、晚期不同的艺术风格等,对古画鉴定具有十分重要的意义。     

南京总统府的遗址沿革及其建筑遗存考

沿革长达300年之久的南京总统府遗址,历史悠久,易主频繁,是国内罕见、保存完好的近代官府遗存。大院内各个时期不同风格的建筑及遗存物件,与各个历史时期的重要事件、著名人物都有密切关联。     

The Meeting-Places of Parliament in the Ancient Palace of Westminster

Abstract

The importation into England of church furnishings of most kinds has been going on since the early Middle Ages. The focus of this study is on wooden furnishings and the early 19th century, when a specific group of patrons scoured mainly France and the Low Countries for the furniture that had been prised from churches, as a direct and indirect result of the French Revolution. The taste for such material was fuelled by a Romantic enthusiasm, although ironically much of it was in the Baroque style. The historical setting for this nostalgic explosion in interest is briefly sketched, as well as an account of its development into the early 20th century.     

避暑山庄初建时间及相关史事考

避暑山庄初称热河行宫。其始建时间在清代官修史籍中无载,私家笔记和现代学者其说不一,似无从定论。本文在参阅史籍和清宫遗档的基础上,认为热河行宫肇建于康熙四十二年七月二十三日(1703年9月4日),并对其始建时期的相关史事作出考定。     

House of Lords Committee Accommodation and Its Use: Restoration and Renewal in the 19th and 20th Centuries*

Following the 1834 fire, the work of house of lords committees continued virtually without interruption, at first in temporary accommodation and, from 1846, in rooms in the new palace designed by Charles Barry. This article charts the history of house of lords committee activity and the varied use of its accommodation at Westminster from 1834 to the present. Major committee work immediately following the fire included an inquiry into prison reform. Barry's accommodation was scantily fitted out, and quickly needed technical and other adaptations. Committees themselves changed too, with the heaviest phase of private bill activity needed for the creation of the railways tailing off by the late 1860s. Following a low point in committee activity between 1940 and 1970 committee work has developed in fits and starts from 1971 onwards. The further expansion of committees following the Jellicoe committee report of 1992 was accommodated by the reform of private bill procedure, which helped free up committee rooms, and in October 2009, the establishment of the Supreme Court meant that the law lords no longer sat judicially in the large committee rooms 1 and 2. Since 2012, however, the further expansion of committee activity has not been matched by an increase in its accommodation.     

唐大明宫浴堂殿方位考

唐长安大明宫有浴堂殿,在德宗至文宗朝为皇帝的主要寝殿之一,常于此召见翰林学士或重臣,成为这一段时期朝政活动的重要场所。弄清其地点,无疑有着重要的学术意义。然其所在,诸说多有抵牾,自宋代程大昌《雍录》确定其在紫宸殿东,后世学者大多沿用。本文对文献记载重新进行考辨,从而确定浴堂殿位于金銮殿西、东翰林院北。     

秦内史置县研究

对于秦县的研究,恩师史念海曾在上世纪30年代写过一篇《秦县考》。从此后很少有人问津,之所以如此,是由于史料缺乏,随着近些年关于秦县考古资料的不断发现,才使对这一问题的进一步研究成为可能。本文仅就秦在内史地区的置县加以研究,作为对先生文章的补充。并以此文作为对先生辞世三周年的沉痛悼念。     

洪武朝东宫官属的嬗替与外廷政治

洪武朝外廷政治的演变,与"国本"问题有着莫大关联。东宫官属的嬗替,从一个侧面展现出了洪武朝诸大案依次衍生的内在逻辑性。初期东宫官属的设立与勋臣兼职,虽有效平衡了政局,却造成了浙东派势盛的隐患,这也成为朱元璋首先从浙东派入手清除外廷政治势力的一个重要原因。洪武十年,东宫官属的调整与太子的正式预政,揭开了朱元璋谋划已久的"废相收权"斗争的序幕。洪武二十三年前后,从"詹事院"到"詹事府"的转化,则是朱元璋针对太子死后新的政治环境而采取的一种稳定"国本"的重要举措,并与蓝玉党案相表里,建立起了一套全新的东宫官属体制。     

钴蓝颜料（Smalt）在故宫建福宫彩画中的发现

钴蓝颜料（Smalt）是一种产自欧洲的进口蓝色颜料,是一种经过研磨的钴玻璃粉末,从十五世纪中叶开始广泛用于欧洲油画与壁画中。在故宫的建福宫中发现有这种钴蓝颜料（Smalt）。但在明清文献中,钴蓝颜料（Smalt）尚无明确记载。本文主要对始建于乾隆七年（公元1742年）的建福宫内檐脊枋彩画进行了调查和采样,采用显微镜分析和显微激光拉曼光谱分析蓝色颜料的种类和彩画结构,特别是钴蓝颜料（Smalt）使用的时代和分布进行了认真的研究。分析结果表明：建福宫建造时,靛蓝是一种经常使用的蓝色颜料,故宫建福宫钴蓝（Smalt）颜料的使用时代晚于建筑的建成年代（公元1742年）,而且一般与颗粒大小接近的石青混用。     

谈江南綵衣堂建筑彩画的艺术独特性

翁同龢故居"綵衣堂"的建筑彩画是中国现存明清建筑装饰艺术中的精品。"綵衣堂"彩画普遍运用了宋锦纹饰和包袱锦形式,在继承传统的基础上又有艺术创新;其"瑞鹤祥云"的主题纹饰体现了独特的精神内涵;工艺上也综合运用了不同等级的作法。綵衣堂是建筑艺术和装饰艺术结合的成功范例,值得后人深入研究。     

清宫旧藏景德镇官窑明洪武瓷研究

故宫博物院藏有传承自明代宫廷的清官旧藏洪武瓷67件,其制作工艺和装饰既有元代遗风,又有明代官窑瓷器特点,器物风格具有鲜明的由元至明过渡阶段的时代特征.结合景德镇明洪武制瓷历史背景、洪武瓷研究以及其在清宫中的原藏位置,可知清宫旧藏洪武瓷是景德镇洪武官窑受命为宫廷烧造的瓷器,反映了此时景德镇制瓷风格处于由元至明的过渡阶段,...