美国国内围绕欧洲复兴计划议案的辩论及其影响

《1948年经济合作法》是美国行政机构、立法部门与利益团体激烈辩论的产物。该法案明确了欧洲复兴的政策理念,保护了美国利益团体的某些特殊利益,设计出建立在合作主义基础上的、由专家管理协调欧洲复兴的组织模式,促成了国家和社会团体在欧洲复兴计划实施中的通力合作。杜鲁门政府借助为欧洲复兴计划辩护的有利时机,运用"自由的危机"话语在国内营造出强烈的反共氛围。这场辩论不仅完成了欧洲复兴计划的政策设计,加强了美国对外援助活动的制度化程度,而且进一步为二战后美国以遏制共产主义和"捍卫自由"为旗号的对外干涉政策奠定了舆论基础。     

史境·范式·中心——读侯且岸《当代美国的“显学”》和柯文《在中国发现历史》

在中国近现代史研究领域,美国学者的成果是引人注目的。他们之所以能在学术研究上不断创新,不断进步,与他们重视相互之同的讨论、批评,总是对以往的学术成果进行反思,是大有关联的。在美国学者发表的反思性著作中,比较重要的有柯文(Paul A．Cohen)撰写的专著《在中国发现历史——中国中心观在美国的兴起》①,沈大传(David Shambaugh)编辑的论文集《美国的当代中园研究》②等。     

方志资料与马克思在“亚细亚生产方式”的理论研究

方志作为集存信息的文字载体,不仅在中国有丰富而完整的发展体系,在世界许多国家的历史进程中都不同程度地存在着,一些反映民族民风的文化典籍在体裁表现方面既有历史学的特征,同时也有方志特别是方志体系中的民族志的特征。比如成书于公元1世纪的《日尔曼尼亚志》（塔西陀著）、成书于19世纪后期的《古代社会》（摩尔根著）以及《公社土地占有制、其锯体原因、进程和结果》（科瓦列夫斯基著）等。     

中国特色政党制度与社会的关系

政党与社会的关系是政党政治的基本关系之一。政党制度作为政党政治的实现形式,是社会不断发展的产物,同时它又对社会发展产生着重大影响。在我国,中国特色政党制度与社会主义社会的关系,除具有一般政党制度与社会的关系外,还具体表现为中国特色政党制度与社会利益群体、社会资源和社会意识形态的关系。     

论体育与政治

体育既是体育,又是国家政治的一个有机组成部分,体育与政治有着密不可分的关系。“跳出体育看体育”是对体育加深认识的重要方法。     

Party Policy Positions in Newfoundland and Labrador: Expert Survey Results in the Buildup to the 2011 Provincial Election

In this article, we present the estimates of the party policy positions derived from two surveys: an expert survey and a voter survey, which were conducted in the Canadian province of Newfoundland and Labrador immediately prior to the October 2011 provincial election. The experts and the sample of voters were asked to situate the major political parties on eight policy dimensions and to rank the importance of each policy area. The results of the study present not only a map of party policy space and voter preference in Newfoundland and Labrador but also an indication of party policy awareness in the province.     

Early Socialism in Canada: International and Regional Impulses

International and regional impulses have shaped Canadian socialism from the movement’s origins in the nineteenth century to the present. Many of Canada’s early socialists arrived as ready-made socialists from abroad. From the British Isles, continental Europe, and the United States, these idealists and dissidents imported radical political ideals, which they subsequently adapted to meet the emerging conditions of an industrializing, urbanizing Canada. Directed at a broad cross-section of society, the early Canadian socialist rainbow featured many colours: Chartists, Christian socialists, cooperators, and, by the nineteenth century’s end—communists, anarchists, and other adherents of European radical movements. This process of importation, adaptation, and change took different forms in the distinctive regional contexts of Canada’s multi-ethnic federal state. Building on an interdisciplinary literature, the authors illuminate the ways in which international and regional impulses shaped Canada’s socialist tradition, helping to explain persistent tensions and forces within contemporary Canadian politics.     

Redistricting principles and incumbency protection in the U.S. Congress

Critics of congressional redistricting have argued that recent legislative gerrymandering severely undermines electoral competitiveness to the point of violating constitutional equal protection standards. In this paper, we assess how states' redistricting plans vary in incumbency protection. Particularly, we evaluate whether redistricting principles and processes had any measurable consequence in incumbency protection in the 2000 redistricting cycle. We first report substantial regional variation across states in the principles formally noted in state redistricting laws. We then report results showing that some traditional, “politically neutral” redistricting principles and less politicized processes significantly diminish incumbency protection. Our results indicate significant incumbency gerrymandering across states in the recent cycle; however, states have significantly less incumbency protection when they specify specific population- and politically-based principles while suppressing elected officials' agenda setting influence in the districting process.     

美国印度裔族群的形成及其经济成就探析

论文概述了美国印度裔族群艰难的移民历程,分析了其族裔人口在新时期快速增长的原因,并着重探讨了它近年来的经济成就和成功的动因。作为当今美国的一个新兴少数族裔群体,印度裔族群已发展为仅次于美国华人的第二大亚裔族群。尽管其真正意义上的发展开启于美国1965年新移民法案的出台,但它却在短短四十余年间逐步取得了令人瞩目的经济成就,并在收入、商务、个人发展等方面得到了清晰的展现。美国印度裔族群杰出经济成就的取得并非偶然,而是与它族裔整体上的精英特性密切相关,这一特性在很大程度上保证了其发展目标的顺利实现和对美国主流社会的平稳融入。     

Electioneering,the Third Reform Act,and Political Change in the 1880s*

This article investigates the impact of the 1883–5 electoral reforms on the political culture of elections and electioneering in the constituencies, using the borough of Ipswich as its focus. It argues that historians have underestimated the extent to which the Franchise and Redistribution Acts of 1884–5 transformed political cultures outside the countryside and large cities, and that the Corrupt Practices Act of 1883 had a major impact on the modernisation of party organisation. Principally, however, it challenges the prevailing historical consensus that the basis of post‐reform constituency politics remained, to a large extent, local in nature, by suggesting that electioneering cultures were placed under considerable ‘nationalising’ influences from the early 1880s on. Rather than resisting these influences, the established Ipswich parties largely embraced them. Moreover, a general decline in corruption, and a general increase in the number of speeches reported in local newspapers from ‘carpetbagger’ candidates and national leaders, created a climate in which it was now more difficult for any constituency, however idiosyncratic, to insulate itself from ‘national’ politics.     

新信息环境下党校图书馆的定位与发展

党校图书馆有别于一般高校图书馆,有其自身的优势,也存在相应的问题。在新信息环境下,党校图书馆需要有新的定位,需要不断推进数字化建设,利用网络发展信息服务,同时进一步实现图书馆系统的信息资源共享。     

逻辑架构、运作模式与优化路径——对中国民主党派参政资源体系的系统分析

本文运用系统论的分析方法,对当代中国民主党派的参政资源体系进行了综合考量,认为加强民主党派作为参政党的建设,必须优化参政议政资源体系,在坚持中国共产党领导的前提下,积极培育参政人才,完善参政议政的各项法律制度,借鉴西方政治文明中的有益经验。     

By‐Elections and Political Change in a Local Context: The Case of the 1973 Dundee East By‐Election and the SNP

With their unpredictability and occurrence in between nationwide elections, by‐elections have attracted a degree of scholarly interest. However, this has focused almost exclusively on how the contests have affected, or failed to affect, the direction of national politics. This article seeks to, instead, explore their influence upon the locality in which they are fought. It will achieve this through an analysis of the 1973 Dundee East by‐election and its consequences for the development of the local Scottish National Party (SNP). Prior to the by‐election, the party had not been particularly strong in Dundee. Yet the contest provided a setting in which it was able to transform itself into one of the most effective Nationalist organisations in Scotland, capable of cementing an SNP MP in the constituency from 1974 until 1987, holding firm against the collapse in the party's support across the country in the late 1970s and early 1980s. The article will examine the extent to which this resistance to the national swing was facilitated by the legacies of the by‐election and the extent to which its wider footprint contributed towards the development of an enduring party tradition that has persisted for decades.