遗产旅游语境中的神话主义——以导游词底本与导游的叙事表演为中心

"神话主义"是指现当代社会中对神话的挪用和重新建构,神话被从其原本生存的社区日常生活的语境移入新的语境中,为不同的观众而展现,并被赋予了新的功能和意义。河北涉县娲皇宫景区对女娲神话的整合运用与重述,就生动地展现了遗产旅游语境中的神话主义,并呈现出口头传统与书面传统有机融合、叙事表演以情境和游客为中心、神话更为系统化、神话的地方化更加突显四大特点。可见,神话主义属于神话的"第二次生命",研究者应将神话的整个生命过程综合起来进行整体研究。     

遗产旅游语境中的神话主义——以导游词底本与导游的叙事表演为中心简

“神话主义”是指现当代社会中对神话的挪用和重新建构,神话被从其原本生存的社区日常生活的语境移入新的语境中,为不同的观众而展现,并被赋予了新的功能和意义。河北涉县娲皇宫景区对女娲神话的整合运用与重述,就生动地展现了遗产旅游语境中的神话主义,并呈现出口头传统与书面传统有机融合、叙事表演以情境和游客为中心、神话更为系统化、神话的地方化更加突显四大特点。可见,神话主义属于神话的“第二次生命”,研究者应将神话的整个生命过程综合起来进行整体研究。     

20世纪上半叶通俗故事的文体特征及其现代性研究

对通俗故事文体的研究,是在20世纪上半叶对文艺民族形式建构的问题中凸现出来的。通俗故事尝试创作与发展以"声音场"为中心的文学文体样式,目标是能够让大众读懂、听懂并起到社会启蒙的作用。该文体继承了"五四"新文化精神,作家、知识分子们为解救民族危亡,从书斋中的个人感悟式创作走出来,走进民众,从民众的生活、群体艺术中获得思想和灵感,又在艺术上得到升华和提高,探索文学发展的新路径。通俗故事主要包括"讲演文学"、"通俗故事"、"抗日英雄传奇"和根据民间传说故事编创的新故事等几种类型。文体在"语言-结构-主题"三个层面上具有"口头-书面"相结合的特征。通俗故事文体的创作试验是文学大众化发展过程中的重要线索,是文学资源现代转化过程中的有益尝试,它的发展切实地推动了文艺民族形式的建构,并为新中国群众性新故事文学的发展奠定了基础。     

中国近代报刊公共空间建构的可能性及其困境 ——以1932年《申报·自由谈》为例

救亡图存语境下,近代报刊公共空间的建构与其时社会、政治语境有密切关系.《申报·自由谈》是近代中国著名的报纸副刊.1932年留法归国的青年黎烈文主编《自由谈》,期间所进行的改革引人注目,构建起中国近代报刊史上为数不多的公共舆论空间.20世纪30年代,中国面临着对外抗击日军侵略、对内停止内战这一时代主题,《自由谈》的改版恰与时代主题相勾连,使其报刊公共空间的建构成为可能.《自由谈》编辑"兼容并包"的编辑思路集结了当时国内重要的作家,形成多元化的作家群体,而作家群体私人性的杂文写作则成为《自由谈》公共领域的独特话语表述方式.然而,缺乏广泛社会基础的《自由谈》公共空间在国民政府的强力压迫之下难逃"再封建化"的宿命.     

遗产化与神话主义:红河哈尼梯田遗产地的神话重述

2013年"红河哈尼梯田文化景观"被列入世界遗产名录,标志着有关"哈尼梯田"的遗产化和知识生产迎来高潮。在30年的遗产化进程中,哈尼族口承神话的传承方式发生了剧烈变迁,歌手演唱的起源叙事被重述为族群的遗产。在哈尼梯田遗产地核心区,遗产旅游的发展使得神话成为可资挪用的资源。在遗产化运动中,传统的"哈巴"演唱渐渐走出仪式语境,转而在神话主义的逻辑下改变其叙事场域,成为文化政治的显在符号。     

超自然的主题 哥特式的恐惧——爱伦·坡小说中死亡的四种观念模式

美国作家埃德加·爱伦·坡（1809～1849）以其恐惧和超自然的哥特式故事见长。坡的故事表现了超自然多种复杂的主题。哥特式超自然的风格以幻觉的方式提供有效地表达死亡和毁灭性恐惧的手段。通过超自然的主题所提供的象征性标示,我们可以识别爱伦·坡小说中四种主要死亡观念模式：毁灭、被迫、分离和变形。     

许负故事所见相人术与文景政局书写——兼论历史故事的叙述本源

中国古代史籍中存在数量可观的相人故事,故事中相人术不仅是一种用来预测命运的形法知识,更是一种与政治生活密切相关的功利知识。尽管我们尚不能断定相人故事真实与否,但它们在特定政治事件中所承担的功能却是可以被把握的。本文选取《史记》所载汉初女相师许负的相人故事为个案,详考许负故事的背景与原委,并着重讨论了其与文景政局书写的关系。许负故事产生于文景朝特定的政治语境中,并参与了文景之治的建构过程,藉由许负故事,文景政局中某些历史细节或可更为清晰地被呈现。同时,司马迁选择将许负故事收入《史记》,亦是其叙史策略之需。     

政治符号与社会动员——长征时期红军标语的社会学解读

长征时期,工农红军因为革命和壮大自身队伍的需要,在根据地和沿途所经之地包括一些多民族聚居区张贴、刷写了大量标语。这些标语尽管在表达形式上简短扼要、通俗易懂、明了易记,但内涵却异常丰富、政治旨意特别鲜明,非常吸引人的眼球,具有极强的宣传教育和社会动员功能,不仅充分体现了中国共产党和中国工农红军的政治主张与革命理念,也深刻揭示了当时的社会问题与社会现实,反映了人民群众的心声,体现了人民群众的切身利益,表达了人民群众的迫切需要与社会愿望,从而对根据地和沿途广大人民群众参加红军、支援革命起了积极的动员作用。也从某种程度上展现了标语这一政治符号强大的社会动员力量。     

神话与政治——以东汉以来徽州方仙翁为中心

东汉歙县的方储是徽州一个重要的民间信仰,历史上出现了一系列与其相关的神话。这些神话无一例外都是对当时政治的附会与隐喻,反映了民间的政治批评声音。如汉代的乘鹤神话批评东汉祥瑞政治,唐代的只履和血湖神话批评武则天政治,宋元的鞭死人和归葬神话批评两宋皇权政治,清代的忌辰神话批评康雍乾政治等。方仙翁神话的重要资料《开国公家世行实》证明是元代以来的伪作。     

顺服与反抗:关于“天子地”故事的文化分析

"天子地"是中国民间故事很常见的一个类型。借鉴文化记忆的理论,从中国政治文化传统中的"正统论"入手,尝试分析该故事类型作为一种"神话化的历史",如何深刻地反映了民间社会的双重文化记忆,即"作为顺服的回忆"和"作为反抗的回忆"。而风水术数作为一种象征文化系统或知识—实践体系,参与阐释和传达了中国"大一统"政治思想传统,进而左右了中国人在"事生事死"活动中的历史心性、行为模式。     

《云笈七签》卷113（上）所收14则仙传归属置疑

《云笈七签》卷——三(上)收录的14则仙传,通常以为《逸史》佚文,李剑国先生《唐五代志怪传奇叙录》虽曾怀疑为《神仙感遇传》内容,但经过分析,还是归为《逸史》佚文。本文在此基础上进一步对比考察,认为这14则仙传乃是杜光庭改编自《逸史》的篇目,与《逸史》原文已经有很大差别,应属在《神仙感遇传》名下。     

"Good Fences Make Good Neighbours": History and Significance of an Ambiguous Proverb

This essay focuses on the narrative traditions of the Nama-speaking peoples in Namibia, South Africa. It describes tales in which children are the main protagonists and discusses the character of African tales of magic. It shows that in these tales the “laws” of tale-telling that are known from studies of Western tales by Axel Olrik and Max Lüthi, for example, are stronger than a desire to depict reality. The African tales about children are compared with Western ones about children, particularly in relation to the ATU 327 complex. The paper suggests that both these European tales and African tales of magic should be treated as a special subgenre.     

Killer Khilats,Part 2: Imperial Collecting of Poison Dress Legends in India

This article presents the English language collecting histories of seven legends of death by Poison Dress that were recorded in early modern India (set out in ''Killer Khilats, Part 1''). The tales express fears of contamination, either symbolic or real, aroused by the ancient Persian-influenced customs of presenting robes of honour ( khilats ). Rajputs, Mughals, British, and other groups in India participated in the development of tales of deadly clothing from 1600 to the early twentieth century. The tales and their variants share motifs and themes with Poison Dress legends in the Bible, Greek myth, Arthurian legends, and modern American versions, but all seven tales display distinctively Indian characteristics. The historical settings and the contexts of collection demonstrate the cultural assumptions of the various groups who performed poison khilat legends in India.     

Diaspora and nostalgia: travelling Jewish tales in the Mediterranean

The article addresses narratives that tell of a member of the 10 Lost Tribes of Israel who comes to the rescue of a Jewish community. The tales were documented at the Israel Folktale Archives, in the second half of the twentieth century, and were told by informants from Morocco and Greece. While it is probably impossible to trace the exact routes of these “cultural possessions”, around and across the Mediterranean, the texts nevertheless provide a glimpse into the ways in which a network of Jewish communities shared a meta-narrative while adapting it to their own regional contexts. Although these tales are quintessentially diasporic, they also provided a platform for negotiating post-exilic identities in the new Israeli national context.     

日本民间故事中“猫”的形象

在日本猫与人有关联的民间故事,通过分析可找到三种类型,而产生这三种类型民间故事的原因与家猫的作用、作为食肉野猫的本性和家猫身上残留的野性及“猫又”传说有很大关系。在日本民间故事中,猫还有一个特性,就是常常与女性相关联。     

Sky way Auspcious to the Tibetans

The first group of Tubo kings were said to come from Heaven via a celestial ladder that folk tales varionsly describe as smoke,light or holy mountains high enough toreach the heavens.     

唐宋徽州程灵洗的神话故事考

程灵洗信仰是由一组神话故事构成的,主要创作于唐宋时期。唐代的神话故事是以徽州的蛟斗事件为依据,以晋许逊的斩蜃故事为蓝本,以唐高宗的千年石刻和武周革命为背景综合创作而成。宋代的神话故事是对唐代的复述,但在细节表达上发生了一些变化,反映了南宋偏安江南的社会现状并受到当时社会流行的性命义理学说影响。     

The Tale of Aladdin in Georgian Oral Tradition

The tale of Aladdin is an example of the adaptation of Middle Eastern fairy tales in Europe and then of the spread of European literary tales into world culture. This article gives an account of the Georgian folk versions of ‘Aladdin’. An overview of archival material and publications outlines the characteristics and transformations of tale type ATU 561 in Georgian folklore. The article also traces the literary path that directed Aladdin to Georgia and compares Georgian translations of the tale with its folkloric variants, including the neighbouring type ATU 560.     

日本古代小说的佛学烙印与文化成因

日本古代小说大都具有浓郁的佛学色彩,净土、无常、果报是最典型的三个侧面。净土思想是日本佛教的主流且具有明显的现世特征：平安物语的净土信仰成为救赎宫廷贵族脱离苦难的精神支柱;中世战记物语的净土信仰多与死亡紧密相连,成为对战乱中人们渴求来世幸福的终极关怀。无常是日本小说尤其是中世物语中最浓墨重彩的一笔,无常既是对人间永无常住的感性叹息,也是对盛者必衰社会法则的理论解释,更成为武家社会切身感受的“生死观”。因果报应思想贯穿日本小说史的始终,它与宿世、轮回、转生等观念互为表里,成为孕育日本怪异小说流行的土壤之一,并表现出与儒家劝惩观念相结合的世俗化趋势。     

The Case of the Case History: Detecting the Medical Report in Sherlock Holmes

Critics have examined both the influence of the medical case model and the newer laboratory sciences on Arthur Conan Doyle's Sherlock Holmes tales, but they have often overlooked key aspects of the stories' turn-of-the-century historical context. I argue that in response to the indefinite rewards offered by the up-and-coming laboratory sciences and the grandiose claims of many of those practicing these sciences, Conan Doyle chose to circle back to an earlier clinical method and to echo a type of case narrative that provides both closure and disclosure via post-mortem exam. Thus, Conan Doyle's stories, with their breakdown into Watsonian history and Holmesian summation, register the value of clinical procedures by using the established medical case study that ends in autopsy as a template. In his fictional echoing of the case culminating in post-mortem exam, Conan Doyle's Holmes stories draw attention to the accuracy of knowledge that only such cases can provide, and in doing so, Conan Doyle highlights the uncertainty inherent in both many Victorian medical practices and the unproven laboratory sciences of the day – an uncertainty, the tales suggest, that could only be remedied by accruing information through this particularly revealing type of case documentation. In the process, the Holmes tales reflect on the case's unique ability to narrate a type of resolution which cannot be otherwise represented. In its emphasis on making comprehensible that which defies mastery through other means lies the case's essential fit with literary narrative more generally – and narratives of detection like the Holmes stories, in particular.