Reviews

Geography, Technology, and War—Studies in the Maritime History of the Mediterranean 649–1571, JOHN H. PRYOR
The Seventy-four Gun Ship Vol. 4 JEAN BOUDRIOT (translated by David Roberts)
Ships and shipwrecks of the Americas. A history based on underwater archaeology G. F. BASS (Ed.)
Seesturm und Schiftbruch. Eine motivgeschichtliche Studie. SABINE MERTENS
Marine Archaeology of Indian Ocean Countries, S. R. RAO, Ed.
Le Cerf(cutter of 1779) J. BOUDRIOT and H. BERTI (English translation by H. Bartlett Wells)
Le Coureur (lugger of 1776) J. BOUDRIOT and H. BERTI
Innovation in Shipping and Trade STEPHEN FISHER, Ed.
Florida Archaeology no 4,1988: Gold Coins of the 1715 Spanish Plate Fleet-a numismatic study of the State of Florida Collection ALAN K. GRAIG with Appendix by FRANCIS KEITH
Historique de la Corvette 1650–1850: Monographie La Criole 1827 JEAN BOUDRIOT
The 32-Guo Frigate Essex PORTIA TAKAKJIAN
Ceramic Excavation Sites in Southeast Asia-a Preliminary Gazeteer JOHN S. GUY
Upchurch and Thameside Roman pottery: a ceramic typology for northern Kent, fist to third centuries A.D. JASON MONAGHAN
A Naval Expositor T. R. BLANCKLEY
Sternstunden der Schiffsarchiiologie PETER BAUMANN     

Reviews

Book reviewed in this article:
Versunkene Welten. Schiffe und Stadte auf dem Meeresgrund. Die Archaologie unter Wasser. GABRIELLE HOFFMAN
Mare nostrum. MICHEL REDDE
The Roman Quay at St Magnus House, London: Excavations at New Fresh Wharf, Lower Thames Street, London 1974–78. LOUISE MILLER, JOHN SCHOFIELD and. MICHAEL RHODES; edited byTONY DYSON
Roman London. JENNY HALL and RALPH MERRIFIELD
Discoveries. Compiled by HUGH CHAPMAN
Old docks (Shire Album 199). NANCY RITCHIE-NOAKES
Liverpool's historic waterfront. NANCY RITCHIE-NOAKES
Historic architecture of the Royal Navy. JONATHON COAD
The medieval Utrecht boat (BAR S383). ROBERTVLEK
Nautica Talmudica. DANIEL SPERBER
Willem de Vlamingh's explorations of Australia, 1696–1697. W. C. H. ROBERT
Australia unveiled. The share of the Dutch navigators in the discovery of Australia. G. G. SCHILDER
De Ontdekkingsreis van Willem Hesselsz. de Vlamingh in de Jaren 1696–169. G.G.SCHILDER
The voyage to the Great South Land, Willem de Vlamingh 1696–1697. G. G. SHILDER
The Royal Navy's first Invincible 1744-1758 The ship, the wreck and the recovery. BRIAN LAVERY
Historic ships. M. K. STAMMERS
Stratégies maritimes et économie. PAUL ADAM
The construction and fitting of the sailing man of war 1650–1850. PETER GOODWIN
The arming and fitting of English ships of war 1600–1815. BRIAN LAVERY
The 100-gun ship Victory . JOHN McKAY
King Herod's dream, Caesarea on the Sea. ROBERT J. BULL, AVNER RABAN, KENNETH G. HOLUM and. ROBERT L. HOHLFLENDER
Iron ships and steam shipwrecks (papers from the first Australian seminar on the management of iron vessels and shipwrecks). M. McCARTHY (ed.)
From merciless invaders—the defeat of the Spanish Armada (revised edition). A. McKEE
The campaign of the Spanish Armada. PETER KEMP     

Reviews

Ingrid and other studies P. G. W. ANNSIS(Ed)
Sea studies: Essays in honour of Basil Greenhill, C.B., C.M.G., on the occasion of his retirement
Underwater archaeology 1. Archeologia IX. Acta Universitatis Nicolai Copernici JERZY, OLCZAK and GERARD WILKE (Eds)
Compagnie des Indes 1720–1770:Vol. 1—Vaisseaux, hommes, voyages, commerces; vol. 2—Boullongne, vaisseau 600 tx. 1759–1761 JEAN BOUDRIOT
The twilight of Welsh sail ALED EAMES     

Living with the past: the historic environment

Book revieved in this article:
Living with the past: the historic environment DAVID BAKER
Watching the seaside. Essays on maritime anthropology A. H. J. PRINS
Yorktown's captive fleet JOHN O. SANDS
Merchant Sailing ships 1815–1850-Supremacy of sail, DAVID R. MAcGREGOR
A history of naval architecture JOHN FINCHAM     

Sailing Rock Art Boats

Amongst the thousands of Bronze Age rock art images that are found along the paleogeographic coast lines of southern Scandinavia the most ubiquitous is the boat. A few are furnished with what look like a mast or sail. These attributes have largely been ignored or explained away as features or objects other than rig because it is widely accepted that the sail was not used in Scandinavia until the 8th century AD. But what if after all they really are depictions of rig? Might this suggest that the sail was not only known but perhaps used here over a 1,000 years earlier than previously accepted? Starting from the bases of the images and the environment in which they are found, this paper asks whether vessels of the types we believe belonged to the Scandinavian Bronze Age could have been sailed? These evaluations led to a series of sail trials in a canoe undertaken in the archipelago of the Swedish west coast in the late summer and autumn of 2005. The successful results of these trials were later transferred to the Tilia, a full-scale reconstruction of the Hjortspring boat, a vessel dated to 350 BC but believed to belong to a long-established boatbuilding tradition stretching back into the Bronze Age. This is the report of the hypothesis behind these trials as well as their planning, execution and immediate results.     

Reviews

Book reviewed in this article:
Ancient trade and society LIONEL CASSON
Underwater expeditions ROB PALMER
Vol. I. Merchant sailing ships 1775–1815: sovereignty of sail DAVID R. MACGREGOR
Vol. III. Merchant sailing ships 1850–1875: heyday of sail DAVID R. MACGREGOR
Sweet track to Glastonbury—the Somerset levels in prehistory BRYONY and JOHN COLES
Die Galeonen PETER KIRSCH
La grande époque de la marine à voile MARTINE ACERRA and JEAN MEYER
Argusgrunden—a 7000-year-old settlement on the sea-floor off south-east Denmark A. FISCHER, U. MØHL, P. BENNIKE, C. MALMROS. H. TAUBER, J. SCHOU HANSEN and P. SMED
La révolution maritime du XIXe. Sièle
Warrior —restoring the world's first ironclad ANDREW LAMBERT
The immortal Warrior —Britain's first and last battleship JOHN WELLS
Drawings of the USS Monitor —a catalog and technical analysis ERNEST W. PETERKIN
Ships, seafaring and society—essays in maritime history TIMOTHY J. RUNYAN
Sejlskibsssfolk (sailing ship people) OLE MORTENSØN     

A Quantitative Look at Mediterranean Lateen- and Square-Rigged Ships (Part 1)

Modern-day engineering can be a useful tool to help understand the technological changes which led to the development of the three-masted ships of the modern age of sail, in the beginning of the 15th century. Recent finding and excavation of an increasing number of medieval shipwrecks offers the opportunity, and the authors propose to build a database with technical characteristics of late-medieval vessels in the hope of finding patterns that will help understand the relatively-quick technological evolution of Mediterranean merchant craft of the 14th and 15th centuries.
© 2008 The Authors     

Sulfur and iron analyses of marine archaeological wood in shipwrecks from the Baltic Sea and Scandinavian waters

Analyses of marine archaeological wood from shipwrecks in the Baltic Sea area, Kronan, Riksnyckeln, Tattran, the Puck Bay Boat and the Ghost wreck, and at the Scandinavian West coast, the Göta wreck, Stora Sofia and the Viking shipwrecks of Skuldelev, show accumulation of sulfur compounds. The penetration profiles of sulfur and iron into the wood and the speciation of characteristic sulfur groups were evaluated by combining X-ray spectroscopic analyses, in particular S K-edge XANES (X-ray absorption near edge structure) and X-ray fluorescence, with ESCA and elemental analyses. The combined analyses support the hypothesis that hydrogen sulfide produced by sulfate-reducing bacteria reacts and accumulates at low iron concentration mainly as organically bound sulfur, which as in previous studies was found by X-ray spectro-microscopy to accumulate in lignin-rich parts of the wood cell walls. The presence of iron(II) ions from corroding iron promotes formation of pyrite and other iron(II) sulfides, which easily oxidise in aerobic conditions with high humidity. No significant differences in sulfur and iron accumulation were found in wood from shipwrecks in the east coast brackish water and the west coast seawater. Sediments from three wreck sites, the Göta wreck, Stora Sofia and Kronan, were analyzed to a depth of a few decimeters and showed especially at the Stora Sofia high sulfur concentrations, exceeding 3 mass%. S K-edge XANES analyses of the sediments showed mainly reduced forms of sulfur, in particular pyrite and iron(II) sulfides together with elemental sulfur.     

Description and Analysis of the Finds from the 2006 Turkish Coastal Survey: Marmaris and Bodrum

In the summer of 2006, RPM Nautical Foundation continued its survey along the south-western Turkish coast. After completing the verification of anomalies along the south-east Bozburun peninsula close to Marmaris, a new survey was conducted along the coast near Bodrum. Additional shipwrecks were discovered, those of historic interest ranging in date from Roman Republican to Ottoman. This report describes the shipwreck sites and some of the random finds along the Bozburun coast, as well as the depositional characteristics in the Bodrum approaches.
© 2007 The Author     

Reviews

Book reviewed in this article:
Fdünittelalterliche Handelsschiffahrt in Mittel- und Nordeuropa. DETLEV ELLMERS
An illustrated history of small boats. A history of oared, poled and paddled craft. PERCY BLANDFORD
Inshore fishing craft of the Southern Baltic from Holstein to Curonia. WOLFGANG RUDOLPH
Schiffe auf Siegeln. HERBERT EWE
Das Schiff auf Siegeln des Mittelalters und der beginnenden Neuzeit. HEINO WIECHELL
A history of marine navigation. W. E. MAY, with a chapter on modern developments by L. A. HOLDER
Unknown shipwrecks around Britain. LEO ZANELLI
East coast shipwrecks. C. R. TEMPLE
Encyclopedia of American Shipwrecks. BRUCE D. BERMAN
Der römische Leuchttum von La Coruña. SIEGFRIED HUTTER     

Reviews

The Elements of Archaeological Conservation, JANEY CRONYN (contributions on Marine Material by W. S . Robinson)
Tropis I: 1st International Symposium on Ship Construction in Antiquity, Proceedings HARRY TZALAS (Ed.)
Landscape with lake dwellings-the crannogs of Scotland IAN MORRISON
Norrlandsleden I CHRISTER WESTERDAHL
The Harbours of Caesarea Maritima: Results of the Caesarea Ancient Harbour Project, 198C1985. Vol. I: The Site and the Excavation, Parts I and II JOHN PETER OLESON and AVNER RABAN
Bonhomme Richard 1779 JEAN BOUDRIOT (translated by David Roberts)
Amphora Romaine et histoire Cconomique: dix ans de recherche M. LENOIR, D. MANACORDA and
Schepen voor Zwammerdam, M. D. de WEERD
The Royal Dockyards 1690–1850 JONATHON G. COAD
The Royal Dockyards during the Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars ROGER MORRISS
The Hatcher Porcelain Cargoes: the Complete Record COLIN SHEAF and RICHARD KILBURN
The Royal Yacht Caroline 1749 SERGIO BELLABARBA and GIORGIO OSCULATI
Principles of Archaeological Stratigraphy (2nd edition) EDWARD C. HARRIS
The Spanish Armada: The Experience of War in 1588 FELIPE FERN A NDEZ-A RM ESTO
Diving for the Griffin CHARLES DAGGETT with KRlS SHAFFER
Wet Site Archaeology BARBARA A. PURDY (Ed.)     

After Crossroads: The Fate of the Atomic Bomb Target Fleet

The atomic tests at Bikini Atoll left a submerged archaeological legacy in the form of sixty-one shipwrecks at or near Bikini, Kwajalein, the California coast, and in two other lesser cases off Oahu and the coast of Washington State. Together they comprise a unique maritime cultural landscape of the Cold War, and the naval aspects of that conflict.     

A new Bronze Age shipwreck with ingots in the west of Antalya—preliminary results

Archaeological underwater investigations in the coast of Mersin and Antalya districts of the Turkish Mediterranean have been carried out with the permission of the Ministry of Culture of Turkish Republic since 1999. Many shipwrecks, sunken settlements, port structures, ancient harbour facilities and other archaeological remains have been documented and lodged in the national archive. The most important discovery within the scope of our study in 2018 has been revealed at the boundaries of the Ancient Lycia-Lukka Region in Kumluca at the west coast of Antalya. It is a pleasure for us to announce that a new Bronze Age shipwreck has been discovered in the same waters as the Gelidonia and Uluburun shipwrecks excavated by George Bass and Cemal Pulak. This new shipwreck could probably be dated to 16-15th Century BC, earlier than the Gelidonia and Uluburun ships. The main part of the shipwreck consists of at least 73 pillow-type ingots (copper?) and at least 4 bun (pita) type ingots (copper or tin?). Pillow-type ingots are compatible with Buchholz / Bass Type 1 ingots, which are usually dated to 16th-15th century BC and rarely to 14th century BC. Part of the shipwreck cargo continues under the sand and the remaining part of it, probably including its anchor, is also under natural camouflage. In order to avoid damaging the in situ position of the shipwreck, no samples have yet been taken. The different findings observed under the sand and the part forming the main cargo were untouched.     

Project SAMPHIRE: Crowd Sourcing Maritime Archaeology data off Scotland's West Coast

Perhaps the greatest barrier to effective management of underwater cultural heritage is the lack of data on the nature and location of offshore archaeological resources. This is a problem shared with terrestrial archaeology, but is particularly acute due to the limitations of survey techniques in the underwater environment. In Scotland <15% of known ship losses from the last 200 years have been located and the record is far less comprehensive for earlier periods, verging on a near total data gap. Most known archaeological sites in Scottish waters have been discovered through large-scale sonar survey of relatively low resolution and a considerable bias has been introduced in the archaeological record; this has favored the discovery and documentation of larger and more recent, often upstanding, metal shipwrecks. This article presents the methods and results from a three-year project designed to reduce this bias by demonstrating large-scale prospecting for maritime archaeology through a community-based crowd-sourcing approach. Project SAMPHIRE (the Scottish Atlantic Maritime Past: Heritage, Investigation, Research and Education Project) was geographically focused on the west coast of the Scottish mainland and was undertaken between 2013 and 2015, resulting in a large number of new archaeological discoveries, including shipwrecks, aircraft, and other material of a much more varied nature than what is typically found through large-scale hydrographic surveys.     

Maritime Cultural Landscape: A New Approach to the Cascais Coastline

Portuguese Archaeology only recently began to address the concept of maritime cultural landscape. In this article we intend to analyze the impact that this kind of approach has upon the study of a littoral characterized by a cliffed coast and a seafloor that is morphologically complicated by the estuary influences of the Atlantic Ocean and the Tagus River. The coast of Cascais, located near Lisbon, is the space that we wish to address with this epistemological paradigm. A large spectrum of sites composed of fortresses, lighthouses, harbors, anchorages, and shipwrecks permits a longue durée examination. The relationships and networks between humans and archaeological remains, directly and indirectly linked to the nautical past, are observed diachronically with a focus on the early Modern Period.     

Two Late Roman Wrecks from Southern Cyprus

Two scattered Late Roman shipwrecks were discovered in the course of underwater survey at Cape Zevgari and Avdimou Bay off the southern coast of Cyprus. Each was transporting a primary cargo contained in amphoras, in one case either local or from nearby Syria or Cilicia, and the other certainly from the southern Levantine coast. The two wrecks offer insight into regional maritime exchange networks within the socio-economic context of late antique commerce around the island. Both sites also contribute to a greater understanding of the utility of systematic shallow-water survey to shipwreck archaeology.
© 2007 The Author     

The 2004 Deepwrecks Project: Analysis of World War II Era Shipwrecks in the Gulf of Mexico

In July and August 2004, C & C Technologies, Inc. of Lafayette, LA, USA partnered with scientists and film makers from across the United States and Canada to assess and document archaeological and biological aspects of six World War II shipwrecks in the Gulf of Mexico. The depth of the shipwrecks ranged from 285–6,444 ft (87–1,964 m) below sea level. All six shipwrecks were found during oil and gas related surveys. The United States Department of the Interior, Mineral Management Service and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration’s Office of Ocean Exploration under the auspices of the National Oceanographic Partnership Program sponsored this multidisciplinary study.     

South American Palm Seeds (Orbignya sp.) in Dutch Shipwrecks

Abstract

In this note we report the discovery of some palm seeds (Orbignya sp.) from three shipwrecks in the Netherlands. They all date from the second half of the 17th century. Some palm seeds, published as Attalea funifera, were already known from the Dutch coast.     

Loose‐footed Sails of the Egyptian New Kingdom Ships

The relief from the temple of Ramesses III (1184–1153 BC) in Medinet Habu is often considered to be the most ancient representation of a brailed sail. According to many researchers, the loose‐footed sail and the system of brails were invented in the ancient countries of the Syro‐Canaanite coast and were later adopted by the Ancient Egyptians. However, iconographic material from Ancient Egypt testifies to the indigenous origin of a loose‐footed sail. The article presents an unknown relief from the Amarna period (1352–1336 BC) that further supports this hypothesis.     

A Hellenistic/Early Roman Shipwreck Assemblage off Ashkelon, Israel

Underwater surveys at Ashkelon during 1998 exposed a Hellenistic/Roman shipwreck. The ship, c .15–25 m long, sank in the 1st or 2nd century BC, and its remains include iron anchors, lead sheathing, copper nails, assorted metal artefacts, and shipwright's unused nails. Bronze vessels found—oil-lamp, shovel and ladles—could have functioned in cult rites. Weights and balance-scale parts demonstrate commercial activity. Fishing-net sinkers indicate involvement in fishing. This paper raises important points regarding the risk to shipwrecks on the Israeli coast from environmental and human interference, and suggests that Ashkelon never had a built-up port.
© 2009 The Authors