博局铭文镜刍议

正汉代铜镜中的TLV纹,因其形似神话传说中的创世之神伏羲女娲手持的规矩(象征:天圆地方),早在20世纪初期即被日本学者称为"规矩纹",并把饰有这种纹饰的铜镜称之为"规矩镜"。尔后,在较长的一段时间内,我国学术界一直沿用此名。但随着"六博局"的偶尔出土,国内外的一些学者发现"规矩纹"与"六博局"的纹饰是相一致的,因此,对"规矩镜"的命名提出了不同看法,认为应该称为"博局镜"或"六博纹镜"。     

两面铜镜与两次异姓夺权

正汉代和唐代是中国铜镜史上的两座高峰,在这两个时期,铜镜铸造工艺精良、种类丰富、精美绝伦,达到了极高的水准,其中,四神博局镜和海兽葡萄镜分别是两个时期最具代表性的镜种。四神博局镜流行于西汉晚期至东汉早期,以新莽时期最为盛行。背面纹饰以汉代盛行的六博棋局为主纹,与圆形的镜体相结合,象征天圆地方的宇宙格局,     

试论博局镜的命名问题

汉代王莽前后新出现一种铜镜,其背纹饰中除设置了四神外,亦有TLV符号,有人将这种符号纹饰称之为规矩纹,亦有人称之为博局纹。因而此种铜镜有人称之为博局镜、有人称之为规矩镜。这两种命名分别代表了对镜背TLV纹来源探索的两种不同观点,博局说认为是博局图案,TLV也包含在博局图案当中。规矩说认为源于三种测量工具。哪个观点更经得起推敲,考古出土资料发挥了重要作用,种种证据显示,博局说更合理、可信。本文支持的正是博局说,赞同"博局镜"的命名方式。     

博局铭文镜刍议

汉代铜镜中的TLV纹,因其形似神话传说中的创世之神伏羲女娲手持的规矩（象征：天圆地方）,早在20世纪初期即被日本学者称为“规矩纹”,并把饰有这种纹饰的铜镜称之为“规矩镜”。尔后,在校长的一段时间内,我国学术界一直沿用此名。     

汉镜中的规矩纹博局铭博戏图与八极

汉代铜镜中的TLV纹,早在上个世纪之初即在日本学者原田叔人编撰的《泉屋清赏》中就被称之为规矩纹。由此可知,把铜镜中的这种纹饰首先命名为规矩镜的应是日本学者。     

六博行棋规则研究

本文通过文献记载与实物考证,梳理了六博博具的变化特征,并结合最新发现对六博在两汉时期的行棋规则做出了一定的考证及推测,认为六博的行棋规则为：1.两方共12枚棋子循环往复,以一定方向旋转走位;2.以焭或箸来决定所走步数,多用六箸;3.成枭食棋,入水牵鱼,以筭来计分,在结束时得筭多者为胜。并认为《西京杂记》中许博昌的“口诀”并非是一般认为的六博行棋规则,而是一种游戏窍门。     

浅议六博的产生、演变及其影响

六博是我国现在所知最早流行于世,并且具有完整规则和道具的博戏.根据古文献和出土文物,六博最早出现于商代,春秋战国时期广泛流行,两汉时期更是深入民间.到魏晋南北朝时期,六博的形制发生了一些变化,其中“大博”与“小博”的形制有很大差别.六博的流行为后来中国象棋的出现产生了重大影响.     

渔猎博戏镜浅析

最近采集到一枚渔措博戏镜,类型学称之为六乳纹带镜。该镜黑漆占色,形制为圆形,半圆钮、圆钮座,双凸弦纹中夹“尚方作竟真大巧,上有仙人不”十二字铭, 主纹为六组浮雕纹饰,下面分组描述。第一组:帆船纹饰主体三舱船,中舱甲板两边有护栏,后舱另一高台,前舱与中舱连结处树起一桅杆,杆上挂一帆。帆被风鼓得很满。由两羽人驾驶,一羽人掌舵抬     

尹湾汉墓《博局占》木牍试解

1952年,杨联升先生首先援引《西京杂记·六博术》来探讨汉代的博戏,并配合出土的博具,尝试复原六博的游戏规则。《西京杂记》所录之术,出自西汉景帝时擅长六博的许博昌,以回文式的口诀传诵,其文如下:     

明代织锦概览——以北京艺术博物馆藏经皮子为例

<正>北京艺术博物馆(下简称艺博)藏明代织绣品2390余件,其中织锦500余件。明代织锦,从组织结构分有:双层锦、两色锦、棉锦、织金锦、织金妆花锦;从地域特色分有:宋锦、蜀锦(重锦、细锦、匣锦)、云锦。艺博馆藏明代织锦,除未发现蜀锦中的重锦品种,其他织锦种类均有收藏;尤以棉锦品种最为丰富,其次是双层锦。馆藏明代织锦图案有植物纹、动物纹、杂宝纹、文字符号、人物纹、器物纹、几何纹。植物纹有牡丹、莲花、菊花、梅花、茶花以及多种花卉组合;果实纹有葫芦、桃、石榴。动物纹有龙凤、仙鹤、兔、马、蜜蜂、蝴蝶纹。杂宝纹包     

差异分权与多元碎化:大都市边缘地区城镇化空间模式研究——基于武汉市蔡甸区的实证

大都市边缘地区是大都市经济增长与空间拓展的主要地域,也是分权化治理最为复杂的区域。大都市边缘地区往往针对不同主体采取不同模式的分权化来调整其空间治理结构以适应发展需求。本文构建从分权化治理到城镇化空间的逻辑框架,从大都市边缘地区"差异分权"的空间治理格局入手,落脚在"多元碎化"的城镇化空间模式上,进而对从空间治理的"差异分权"到城镇化空间模式的"多元碎化"间的制度逻辑进行了解析,认为差异分权格局是当前大都市区边缘地区城镇化空间模式多元碎化的直接诱因,因此新型城镇化迫切需要从治理结构上予以破解。     

CIRCULAR MIGRATION AND LIFE COURSE OF FEMALE DOMESTIC WORKERS IN BEIJING

This study examines the migration experiences of 24 female domestic workers in Beijing through in-depth interviews. Most of these women were involved in a circular pattern of movement between their home villages and cities. The pattern of reverse and circular migration was closely related to the life-course transitions of Chinese rural women and their socially-assigned gender roles such as marriage, childbirth, childrearing and caregiving for family members. For individual domestic workers, working in Beijing is a bittersweet experience. The women were subjected to unfavourable work conditions and pervasive forms of exploitation. Nevertheless, they benefited from the experience through increased access to income, knowledge and other resources unavailable in rural areas. Although these women challenged, through migration, the traditional social roles imposed on Chinese rural women, their own limitations and institutional barriers left them with few options for improving their social statuses in cities.     

铁路与华北内陆地区市镇形态的演变(1905—1937)

已有的研究成果表明,交通运输的变革,对市镇形态的演变影响深远。铁路作为近代交通的代表,显然具有这一功能。本文将以1905—1937年间华北地区较为著名的驻马店、漯河、唐山、焦作、石家庄、平地泉等市镇为例,通过考察铁路与产业结构、社会结构、地域结构及外部形态演变间的关联作用,揭示铁路与形态演变之间的规律,并将铁路影响下的华北内陆工商业市镇形态概括为驻马店模式、唐山模式和石家庄模式。     

Geographical propinquity among pre-famine Catholic Irish settlers in Upper Canada

Recent studies of frontier settlement in North America have suggested the existence of a greater complexity of society and locality than once visualized. The settlement of propinquitous groups of people with similar origins was a common feature of nineteenth-century America. The territorial identity of these groups may have both reflected and reinforced their cultural distinctiveness. This study examines the geographical propinquity of the Catholic Irish in the Robinson emigration of 1825 to Upper Canada (early Ontario). The object is to demonstrate the varying pattern of propinquity spatially and to associate the pattern with characteristics of social propinquity. The existence of social institutions, particularly the nuclear family and the parish, or antecedent community, within the Irish group appears to have been an important influence on the local geographical pattern of initial settlement.     

The Iron Age landscape of Alcoi Valley,eastern Iberia: Agricultural intensification and sociopolitical dynamics

Abstract

New archaeological survey data are combined with previous evidence to examine the rural landscape during the Iberian Iron Age in the Valencia region of eastern Spain. One goal was to understand the settlement pattern and agricultural intensification through manuring. The second objective was to address the socioeconomic aspects of changes in the landscape. It is possible to trace the emergence of a hierarchical settlement pattern in the Iberian Iron Age in which large fortified settlements carried out the most important functions of control and exploitation of the territory, extending their authority over small rural villages and farmsteads. This pattern is associated with the complex socioeconomic structures and political organization of early Iberian states.     

Faunal exploitation and agricultural transitions in the South American agricultural limit

The southern Mendoza Province of Argentina constitutes the southernmost limit of Andean agriculture in South America. Archaeofaunal assemblages from sites in this region show a pattern of changing taxonomic diversity concomitant with the first appearance of domesticated plants. This pattern is characterised by an increase in prey diversity before the appearance of the first cultigens and a decrease in diversity after their arrival. Furthermore, the animal taxa exploited when domesticated plants entered the diet indicate a focus on big game. The pattern observed in southern Mendoza is in accord with ethnographic and archaeological models generated by faunal research worldwide. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

循环经济思想与我国饭店能耗管理方式的转变

循环经济思想与饭店的能耗管理具有战略相融性。文章探讨了循环经济思想对我国饭店能耗管理的战略指导价值,分析了在这一思想指导下的饭店能耗管理范式以及运作原则。文章认为,在循环经济思想指导下的饭店能耗管理范式将在成长动力、竞争方式、污染治理方式和经营形态等四个方面发生改变。文章在指出传统饭店能耗管理方式的种种与循环经济思想背离的现象之后提出,饭店在能耗管理中贯彻循环经济思想应该注重从技术、管理和二者综合的方向上进行。     

20世纪中国史学界对历史规律问题的探讨

20世纪中国历史学界对历史规律性问题进行了长期反复的争论。人们对历史规律的研究主要有两种,一种是社会发展史意义的规律,一种是历史认识论意义的规律。长期以来,绝大多数人把五种生产方式的演进当作历史规律的主要形式。近年来一些学者反思过去研究中的简单化倾向．对历史规律的研究开始进入到历史认识论的层面,对规律的理解日益深入和具体。     

The Evolution of Population Distribution on the Iberian Peninsula: A Transnational Approach (1877–2001)

Abstract

Surpassing the national perspective usually adopted, the authors confirmed the existence of a pattern of population distribution common to the whole Iberian Peninsula in the long run. This pattern is clearly associated with geographical factors. These variables seem to have more weight in explaining changes between 1877/78 and 1940 than in the period from 1940 to 2001. The observation of the cross-border region has shown that proximity to the frontier has not generated any distinct pattern of population density on either side of the boundary line. The spatial coherence of the observed phenomena throughout the Peninsula and of its evolution, independent of the border between states, reinforces the importance of geographic factors in their explanation. At the same time, this verification opens up new issues related to the effect of national political and economic policies.     

非摩擦经济:网络时代的经济模式与竞争策略

非摩擦经济是不同于传统经济模式的一种低成本、无摩擦、高效率的全新的经济形态。网络经济是一种典型的非摩擦经济。非摩擦经济不仅对传统的经济学理论提出了严峻的挑战,而且以最为鲜明的力量对社会制度、法律、政府和人们的观念形成巨大冲击,尤其是对企业的运作机制和竞争策略提出了更高要求。因此,现代企业应遵循非摩擦经济的运行规律,重视新技术的应用,提升经营理念,以增强竞争能力。