朱元璋礼敬孔裔

明洪武年间,朱元璋在尊崇孔子之时,对其后裔也倍加礼遇。一方面,承宋、金旧制,封孔裔为“衍圣公”,且较之前代其地位更趋显赫。另一方面,以孔氏小宗世为曲阜知县,先后任此职者有孔希大等五人。此外,在赋税、法律等方面,孔裔亦享有一定的特权。孔裔作为孔子形象的现实存在,朱元璋对其特殊地位的肯定和礼敬,一定程度上显示了他尊崇儒术、建立文治社会的治国理念。     

先秦时期的“圣化运动”

先秦时期的“圣化运动”,以“造圣”为中心,以人性实现为目标,以探讨天人关系为起点,中经“道化”,以实现“王化”,即道、王、神一体化。     

孔子思想有两个核心

我研究孔子多年,认为孔子的思想有两个核心。一个是“时”,由“时”发展为“中”、“和”。另一个是“仁”,由“仁”发展为“义”、“礼”。为什么这样说呢？首先说“时”。《孟子·万章下》说：“孔子,圣之时者也。”《论语·微子》中,孔子自己说：“我则异于是,无可无不可。”我看这都是“时”的证明。孟子说：“孔子之去齐,接淅而行;去鲁,曰：迟迟吾行也。去父母国之道也。可以速而速,可以久而久,可以处而处,可以仕而仕,孔子也。”这就是“时”。孔子离开齐国的时候,“接淅而行”。做饭,淘淘米未等煮就去了。去鲁的时候就…     

固安王龙市寸经幢不是金代文物

固安王龙村经幢一直以来被误定为金代文物,本文认为,金代没有将年号与“皇帝”组合称呼的,而辽代皇帝、皇后多加尊号,“神赞天辅皇帝”为辽圣宗尊号,“齐天彰德皇后”为圣宗皇后萧氏尊号,因此此经幢应修造于辽圣宗后期。     

“寡人有疾”之新说

“寡人有疾”是个并不生僻的成语,典出《孟子》“梁惠王章句下”的第三章和第五章。孟子去游说齐宣王行“王政”(王道和仁政)。齐宣王首先询问了外交之道。孟子回答：唯仁者能以大事小,唯智者能以小事大;以大事小者,乐天者也;以小事大者,畏天者也。乐     

同天并老 与国咸休——孔子博物馆馆藏清代奉天诰命盒赏析

文章以孔子博物馆收藏的一件清代衍圣公府奉天诰命盒为例,分析它的制作工艺、象征意义及其所反映的清代统治者与衍圣公府之间的特殊关系。奉天诰命盒是清代皇帝颁发给孔子后裔的诰命文书之专用容器,“奉天”二字代表衍圣公对天子的效忠,也昭示其在维系祭孔、陪同皇帝祭祀、朝觐等方面的责任,保存诰命的严格规定也体现着二者关系的专属性。这件器物生动地记录了中国历史上统治阶层与儒家代表之间微妙的互动关系,乃是不可多得的珍贵物证。     

蒙元初期的衍圣公境遇

多年来,不少研究者往往把元世祖“崇儒术、行汉法”与尊崇儒道、优礼孔氏子孙等同起来,其实是有很大区别的。蒙古可汗尊奉信仰自由,在蒙廷“间接统治”政策下,衍圣公受到优渥礼遇,元世祖总管汉地后直至其去世,在尊孔方面鲜有作为,衍圣公地位跌入历史最低谷,甚至世爵中断43年。衍圣公政治地位和特权待遇的巨大变化,集中反映了蒙元初期儒学的真实地位。本文试述蒙元初期衍圣公地位和特权待遇由盛到衰的境遇变迁,尝试提出衍圣公世爵中断的根本原因。     

城市公园改造与提升探讨 ——以寿光仓圣公园为例

本文以山东寿光仓圣公园为研究对象,通过对仓圣公园进行现场勘查和资料调研,对其环境特征、历史文化、基础现状进行详细的分析,结合当地特色文化,对场地规模、居民类别等资料分析后结合实际情况提出改造建议,并做出针对本城市公园的优化改造设计,促进城市和城市环境的可持续发展。     

孟子和荀子的教育思想——兼述孟、荀思想的异同

一、《孟子》的“富民”“教民”思想 孟子,名轲,邹(今山东省邹县)人。他是鲁国贵族孟孙氏的后裔,孟孙氏衰微后,有一支从鲁迁到邹,就是孟子的祖先。孟子是战国时期的大思想家、大教育家。他继承并发展了孔子的思想,成为继孔子之后儒家学派最有权威的代表人物。在两千多年的封建社会中,被历代封建统治者推尊为“亚圣”。     

秦系时期的东三省币制

奉系时期,东三省的货币种类纷繁复杂,仅能略述。当时之人在著作中描述：“东三省之币制混乱于不可名状,有以银为本位者,有以金为本位者,有以个人信用为本位者,有以纸币为本位者。其流通之钞票,有为中央银行所发行者,有为地方银行所发行者,有各省市所发者,有私人银号所发者,有各炉户所发者,纷然杂陈,莫衷一是。”各种货币的流通区域也不尽一至：在奉天省（今辽宁省）城及各县各乡皆以奉票为主币。     

舜的神话及舜历史形象的的演变

舜是一个神,但同时他又是中国历史上的圣君典范,本文拟就综合各家所述,加之自己浅见,对舜神话及舜在中国历史上的贡献作一个综合阐释。     

论中世纪晚期英国的圣徒崇拜

在中世纪晚期,英国的圣徒崇拜盛行,成为民众宗教信仰的中心。与中世纪早期相比,晚期的圣徒崇拜已发生了一些变化,民众已经开始关注到自己,具有了自我取向与现实取向。这表明在中世纪晚期,英国民众的宗教信仰中出现了“个人主义”倾向,在物质力量增长的同时,英国民众的精神力量也在发展。     

Holy cow!: the miraculous cures of animals in late medieval England1

Interactions between saints and animals have been the focus of modern scholarship, yet an important aspect has been neglected, namely that of the saint as healer of animals, when a third party has requested help on behalf of the animal. This article therefore examines, through examples drawn from saints' Vitae and other sources, the types of animals for which saintly intervention was sought, the ailments from which they suffered, and the form which their cure took, in order to understand why medieval people turned to the saints when their animals were ill. An examination of this relationship between saint and animal will not only elucidate the role of saint as thaumaturge, but will also shed light on the veterinary aspect of animal welfare.     

Practical Hagiography: James of Voragine’s Sermones and Vita on St Margaret of Antioch

Abstract

In addition to his exceedingly popular Legenda Aurea, James of Voragine wrote in another hagiographical genre: sermons on the saints. The Sermones de sanctis likewise became immediately popular, as his Dominican brothers used James’s model sermons to learn to preach about the saints in a format that would provide the laity with intelligible and practical theological instruction. James’s corpus gives us a rather unusual opportunity to compare the ways in which a single author manipulates multiple hagiographical genres, and his writings on St Margaret of Antioch allow us to explore how a medieval preacher used a historically disputed saint — a dragon-fighter — to provide a practical model of sanctity to his lay audience. I compare the representations of Margaret in James’s sermones and vita, arguing that James adapted certain features of Margaret’s saintly example in the vita to instruct the audience of his sermons about proper Christian virtues and actions. As a point of comparison, I explore a sermon by Évrard of Val des Écoliers in which the Augustinian teaches his audience a practical skill — how to pray — through Margaret’s example.     

Diaspora and nostalgia: travelling Jewish tales in the Mediterranean

The article addresses narratives that tell of a member of the 10 Lost Tribes of Israel who comes to the rescue of a Jewish community. The tales were documented at the Israel Folktale Archives, in the second half of the twentieth century, and were told by informants from Morocco and Greece. While it is probably impossible to trace the exact routes of these “cultural possessions”, around and across the Mediterranean, the texts nevertheless provide a glimpse into the ways in which a network of Jewish communities shared a meta-narrative while adapting it to their own regional contexts. Although these tales are quintessentially diasporic, they also provided a platform for negotiating post-exilic identities in the new Israeli national context.     

The Reliquary Bust of Saint Lambert from the Liège Cathedral,Belgium: Gemstones and Glass Beads Analysis by pXRF and Raman Spectroscopy

The reliquary bust of Saint Lambert, hosted in the Treasure of the Liège Cathedral, was produced in the early 15^th century. This exceptional goldsmithery piece is covered with gold-coated silver, and decorated by approximately 400 stones, analysed by Raman and pXRF techniques to determine their mineralogical and chemical composition. The results confirm the identification of one hundred pearls, twenty-six rock crystals, ten amethysts, two diamonds, and numerous glass beads with a green, blue, colourless, turquoise, orange or red colour. The glass beads show a soda-lime composition, confirming that they are contemporary of the bust and imported from Venice, as reported by historical sources. Orange beads show a lead composition and the red stone a triplet with quartz, indicating that they were added to the bust later. The cutting of gems and beads shows also a significant evolution. The metal contains approximately 60% of Au and 40% of Ag. The origin of gemstones was difficult to establish, due to the absence of characteristic trace elements, but the chemical elements used for the manufacture and colouring of the beads were determined. This study confirms the trade of stones between Liège and Venice during medieval times.     

关于辽墓"出行图"的考证

本文对近年发现的辽墓"出行图"壁画进行了分析.以为可分为两类,分别代表了辽国诸王和贵族以及汉官贵族的出行.这两类形制不仅在分布地域上有别,而且表现形式也各有千秋.     

花厅墓地研究

根据陶器类型学研究,把花厅墓地分为四期。把拥有玉琮、玉梳背饰、玉项饰的墓作为大型墓,把拥有玉镯、环等装饰品的墓作为中型墓,把只有陶石器等的墓作为小型墓。根据形态分析,把随葬陶器分为大汶口式、良渚式、薛家岗式、大汶口一良渚式和大汶口一薛家岗式五类,把玉器分为良渚式、花厅式和融合式三类。从死者头向、葬猪习俗、随葬品组合等方...     

涂料在文物保护中的应用

综述了文物保护的意义和方法及涂料在文物保护中的应用,水性氟涂料的出现将为文物保护提供很好的材料。     

论清朝疆域形成与历代疆域的关系

中国历史上的疆域如何形成和确定,在史学界争论较大。中国疆域形成的背景源远流长,可以追溯到几千年以前。形成疆域的因素也比较复杂,归纳起来有三个主要的方面：第一,中国古代文明的连续性是中国疆域延续二千多年的基础。第二,历史上活跃在中原王朝四周的少数民族对中国疆域的形成有着重要影响。第三,地理环境是影响一个国家疆域形成的重要因素。