闲说旧时镇江钱庄

<正>清咸丰十一年(公元1861年)镇江开埠通商后,进出口贸易迅速壮大,金融活动日益活跃,其中,钱庄业尤为突出,被称为"百业之首"。据《镇江市志》记载:"在此以前早有典当业,钱庄业则在开埠后逐渐兴起,至光绪九年发展到60家,以后几经兴衰,至光绪三十二年开业钱庄为32家。"其中规模较大,资金雄厚的钱庄有李鸿章开设的义善长钱庄,盐商周扶九经营的鸿源钱庄及源丰润钱庄、同升泰钱庄、元同钱庄、镇和钱庄等,北京的著名钱庄"四恒"在镇江也设有分号。     

近代钱庄业研究的回顾与反思

正钱庄(银号)①是中国明朝以后逐步发展起来的传统金融机构。早期的钱庄业经营以银钱兑换为主要业务,发展到近代以后逐渐演变为具有多重功能的综合金融机构,这个过程大致经历了四百年的时间。近代开埠之后,钱庄被外国人称为"native bank"或"old-style bank",在国内商品交易以及外国商品的输入和中国土产输出的对外贸易中都起到了很重要的资金融通作用。钱庄业在票号衰落以后迅速发展,与民资银行、外资银行逐渐形成了三     

徐州钱庄业的兴衰始末

正一、钱庄业的兴起与发展钱庄是旧中国封建社会后期出现的一种私人传统的金融机构。主要分布在江苏、浙江、福建等省各城市,如上海、南京、杭州、宁波、福州等地。在北京、天津、沈阳、济南、郑州、广州等地则称银号,其性质与钱庄相同。在汉口、重庆、徐州等地,钱庄、钱号与银号的名称并存,早期的钱庄多为独资也有合伙经营,小的钱庄仅从事货币兑换业务,称钱店。规模大的钱庄,除办理存放     

论抗战时期的杭州钱庄业

钱庄业是传统中国金融机构的代表之一。本文依据日本满铁调查机构1942年对杭州钱庄业的调查资料,重点分析和考查抗战时期杭州钱庄业的基本状况、组织特点和业务领域,指出能够根据外在社会环境变化调整、改革自身是钱庄业得以长期生存发展的根本原因。     

汉口的钱庄与票号

钱庄是一种旧的金融机构,这种旧的组织形式,一直到“废两改元”后才结束.汉口的钱庄,早在道光年间已形成独立的行业.光绪初年,汉口已出现了较大规模的钱庄,并开始经营商号收受业务.第一次世界大战后,民族工业的发展,带动了汉口贸易的发展,浙江、安徽等地的商人纷纷来汉口开办钱庄,到1922年汉口的钱庄数已达150余家,武昌3O余家.而且自此以后,汉口的钱庄便有了本帮、徽帮、浙帮、西帮之分.汉口的钱庄具有一个特点,即一般不设分庄,商号也兼营钱庄.如武昌曹祥泰杂货店便附设有寿记钱庄,汉口的黄志成拆货店设有万镒钱庄.汉口的钱业与地方商业有着互利的关系,历届汉口商会会长、议董、会董等职务都由钱业的帮董出任,如曾连任汉口总商会会长的万泽生和后来的会长周星棠都     

闲说旧时钱庄学徒制度

<正>旧时钱庄学徒制度是培养钱庄业人才最主要的途径,大多数钱庄的从业人员都出身于学徒,尤其是经理、协理等钱庄的高层管理者,如果没有学徒出身的行业背景,不仅很难得到同行的尊重,而且也不能获得钱庄内部员工的信任,甚至不能正常有序地开展钱庄日常经营管理活动。所以,旧时钱庄学徒制度对人才培养及钱庄兴衰有着极其重要的意义,同时也是旧时钱庄业正常延续发展的基础所在。旧时钱庄选人、录用、培育、考察等学徒制度,十分严格,犹如用铁炼钢,反复锻造,其中不乏一些     

论20世纪前期天津钱庄业的繁荣

20世纪前期天津钱庄业经过一番努力渐复繁荣。钱庄数目和规模较前有了不小的发展,对工商业的发展起了积极的作用,与新式银行也存在着相互竞争、依赖和利用的关系。当然。钱庄业也存在着对工商业资助不够、向新式银行转型少等缺陷。     

近代汉口钱庄的变迁

汉口是中国近代史上著名的商业城市,其兴衰的历程对于中国中部城市来说具有一定的代表性。汉口钱庄业也因为与这个城市的脉搏紧密相连而有别于上海、天津、重庆、广州等地的钱庄业。梳理并评述汉口钱庄的变迁,对中国近代钱庄业的深入研究应能起到推动作用。     

评上海银钱业之间关于废两改元的争辩

1933年废两改元之前银两制与银元制的并存,是钱庄业得以维系其传统优势与特权的重要原因。从20世纪20年代初起,上海银行业便就废两改元问题与钱庄业协商,但后始终持消极态度。1932年上海银行业与钱庄业之间围绕是否实施废两改元问题爆发了激烈的争辩．由于银钱业之间实力对比的变化以及国民政府既定方针的导向,上海银行业取得了优势,得以参与拟订废两改元方案,但这场争辩客观上也为国民政府实施对银行业的统制做了相应的准备。     

抗战前十年传统银行业进一步衰落的原因及启示

抗战前十年,民族银行业内部再度发生明显的新旧交替现象,我国传统银行的另一支重要力量——钱庄也随着新式银行业的创新发展而出现了整体性的衰落趋势。传统银行的衰落,有其特定的历史原因,同时也是民族银行业近代化的必然结果。钱庄业的整体衰落表明,公司制银行是中国银行业发展的方向,政府主导的强制性制度变迁是民族银行业稳定发展的重要推动力量。     

Climate and energy security policies and measures: synergies and conflicts

Concerns about climate and energy security are leading to increased government intervention in the energy sector, in particular as they relate to the choice of energy supply options. While many of these options will improve both energy and climate security, many measures will benefit one while harming the other. This raises an important question for governments and energy planners: how can conflicts between climate and energy security be resolved? This article outlines some of the barriers and problems that may arise as governments and companies try to address climate and energy security concerns simultaneously in various energy supply areas. It concludes by arguing against choosing one objective over the other, and by outlining steps that can be taken to help resolve conflicts between the two agendas.     

我和我的兄弟姐妹

1938年．我出生在金沙江畔一个叫巴塘的小县城里。生在哪一天．至今不知道．因此．六十多年过去了．我从来也没有过过生日。     

Challenger and Chernobyl Lessons and Reflections

Abstract

It is argued that Psychological research on 'race' and 'ethnicity' issues presents a number of ethical problems. These relate to the sociopolitical impact of such research, particularly when it purports to find differences of an 'innate' character; to the use of naive subjects, particularly children, in research which is aimed at demonstrating their 'inferiority'; and, within the academic community itself, to the working relationships between researchers who believe in 'innate' 'race' differences and colleagues belonging to allegedly 'inferior' groups – this being particularly significant within a teaching environment. Although the 'race differences' question has a long and controversial history, ethical issues relating to the research process itself have received less focused attention. Moreover, replacement of the genetically obsolete concept of 'race' with the idea of 'ethnicity' does not solve the problem entirely, and the term 'ethnicity' is itself unsatisfactory in several respects.     

Power and Ethnicity History and Anthropology

This essay reflects on the relationship between anthropological and historical scholarship of ethnicity, picking up on themes explored by Andre Gingrich, by considering the epistemological and evidentiary limitations of social scientific and historical analysis and reconstruction. Beginning with the consideration of the pioneering transdisciplinary efforts of Robert Darnton and Clifford Geertz, it argues that many of the weaknesses ascribed to such efforts are actually part of the nature of social scientific investigation which, in the terms of Peter Winch, must take into account two sets of relationships: that of the relationship between the scientist and the phenomena that he or she observes and the symbolic system that he or she shares with other scientists, which can only be understood from the social context of common activity. How these two relationships challenge social scientific analysis of ethnicity are examined through a consideration of the difficulties of applying Anthony Smith's definition of an ethnie to either Fredrik Barth's classic essay on “Pathan Identity and its Maintenance” or Helmut Reimitz's study of Frankish identity. It concludes that neither anthropologists nor historians are simply describing societies as they are or as they were but rather attempt to describe societies as witnesses within them thought they should be, and we do this for our own society, not for those of the participants, past or present.     

Of Demons and Angels and Historical Humans: Some Events and Questions in Translation and Post-colonial Theory

In what follows, I attempt to show that a look at some curious examples of translations from European texts makes us think about issues in translation theory and post-colonial theory from a slightly different angle. The metaphor of translation can very well be employed for understanding the relation between European texts, and some texts and some social and political practices in India in the colonial period, and this in turn helps us look critically at what I shall call our fuzzy post-colonialism. I also argue that Walter Benjamin's metaphor of translation as the after-life of a work can be extended to posit two basic modes of after-life.     

后伊拉克时代与中国的内政外交--普遍主义与单边主义的冲突

"9·11"事件后,冷战后的国际政治格局发生了重大变化.其最大特征可以概括为以下两点:第一,确立了以唯一超级大国--美国为核心的以反恐为普遍主义的全球性安全阵线;第二,美国的爱国主义、民族主义戏剧性地高涨起来.就像当时有人强调因为全世界有60多个国家的人在世界贸易中心工作,所以对世贸中心的攻击就是对全世界的攻击那样,在美国国民中普遍存在着这样的观点:因为美国社会自身就是世界的缩影,所以星条旗也可被看作是超越一国国界的全人类的普遍象征.