大漠“英雄树”

大自然的鬼斧神工,总是在消灭和更新着世间的一切。当你走进内蒙古额济纳旗巴丹吉林,那高耸的沙山,如刃的沙脊,连成茫茫沙海,一望无际。     

Film and audience: The falling tree problem

Fowles, Jib. Starstruck: Celebrity Performers and the American Public. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1992. xiv + 284 pp. including 57 photographs, appendix, notes/bibliography and subject index, $21.95 cloth.

Traube, Elizabeth G. Dreaming Identities: Class, Gender, and Generation in 1980s Hollywood Movies. Boulder, Co: Westview Press, 1992. xi + 207 pp. including notes, bibliography, and index. $49.95 cloth, $15.95 paper.     

跑马溜溜的山上梨花溜溜地好

<正>4月15日的"秦皇岛·青龙首届官场梨花节暨‘青龙杯’梨花摄影大赛",由我们《旅游纵览》和当地摄影家协会拉去不少摄影人。我们何以选在这里搞梨花摄影大赛?先看几个镜头:     

追“枫”而来览圣处,遍携佳景总留情

<正>踏过"枫叶之路",走出"枫叶之都",带着自然风光的隽秀和钢铁之都的豪情,辽宁省本溪市旅游局副局长何守勤率区县旅游局领导及部分景区、旅行社代表一行24人走过了天津、唐山、秦皇岛和锦州,为打造本溪更富魅力的旅游文化而快乐地奔忙了一周     

基于事故树的布达拉宫雷击火灾风险分析与保护

布达拉宫自兴建以来曾遭受多次不同程度雷击,一旦雷击引发火灾会造成不可挽回的损失,因此需要进行科学合理的雷击火灾分析以有效指导布达拉宫减灾工作。对于布达拉宫雷电可能引起火灾的风险,建立布达拉宫雷击火灾事故树,综合考虑布达拉宫因雷电引发火灾事件发生的可能过程、可能途径。最后对雷击火灾事故树最小割集、最小径集、基本事件的结果重要度进行比较,同时分析布达拉宫地区雷电活动规律。分析结果表明:布达拉宫雷击火灾事故树一共有22个基本事件,有308种可能导致布达拉宫因雷击引起火灾事件发生的途径。布达拉宫雷击火灾防护是一项复杂工程。研究表明,最便于采取的防护措施是加强其雷电防御能力,如清除引雷隐患、安装电涌保护器、进行等电位连接等。     

生命的赞歌

生长在海拔800～1800米的山间,黄山松有着极强的生命力。你看远远近近的山峰上,高高低低的沟壑里、悬崖边、石缝中,到处生长着黄山松。它们或立或卧,或曲或直,或古老苍劲,或清秀飘逸,真是个千姿百态,美不胜收。     

A post-contact Aboriginal mortuary tree from southwestern Victoria,Australia

Abstract

Here we document the investigation of the first Australian Aboriginal mortuary tree found since the early 20th century and the first studied by archaeologists and Aboriginal traditional owners. In 2001, a landowner discovered Aboriginal skeletal remains inside a fallen, dead tree while evaluating the tree’s potential as firewood, leading to the investigation of the site. The tree was located near Moyston, in southwestern Victoria, in traditional Djab Wurrung country and held the partial skeletons of three Aboriginal individuals—two adults and a child. Clay pipe-stem wear on several teeth belonging to the two adults indicates that these remains were broadly contemporaneous secondary placements from the early post-contact period (ca. a.d. 1835–1845). Along with five additional mortuary trees within 30 km of the Moyston tree, this practice constitutes a previously unknown traditional mortuary pattern and contributes to our understanding of the complex mortuary behavior of the Aboriginal people of southwestern Victoria.     

三星堆一号青铜神树的三维数字建模与静力学分析

结构稳定性是评估文物安全的重要方面。三星堆二号坑出土1号青铜树体量庞大、结构复杂,且存在腐蚀、裂纹等危险因素,为了充分记录、评估其保存状况,本研究在原始几何形状和内部构造的基础上,利用三维数字建模技术,建立其几何模型和数值模型,并估算出青铜神树的质量分布和质心位置等无法实地测量的数据,并使用有限元方法,从应力和位移的角度分析青铜树的静置状态下的安全性。经过有限元模拟和材料力学简化计算,发现龙身和树干连接处、树枝根部应力较大,是易受损区域。     

On the origin of the tree Spondias mombin in Africa

This paper examines evidence for the origin of the tree Spondias mombin in Africa, where it is generally described as introduced from the Neotropics. Based on biogeographical, ecological, and historical evidence, this paper argues that the tree reached Africa via natural, long-distance dispersal, and should be considered an African native plant. The idea that it is introduced appeared in 1868, when it was a scientifically justifiable conclusion reflecting the limitations of nineteenth-century biogeographical knowledge. By the early twentieth century, representing Spondias mombin as a human introduction in Africa was no longer scientifically justifiable because of advances in knowledge of the African flora and plant dispersal ecology. Nonetheless, most authors continued to represent the tree as introduced, in part because such representation was consonant with dominant images of the African environment: (a) that the continent had suffered extensive deforestation in the recent past, and (b) that Africa's flora was depauperate in fruit trees prior to the coming of Europeans. Recent authors continue to describe Spondias mombin as introduced because they have not sufficiently considered the historic contexts of primary and secondary sources on Neotropical plant introductions in Africa. This paper concludes that the human role in creating the African portion of the trans-Atlantic tropical flora has been overemphasized. Natural plant dispersal across the Atlantic may be more frequent than generally accepted.     

The spring,the seed and the tree: Gregory of Tours on the wonders of nature

In the preface to his liturgical calendar The reckoning of the course of the stars Bishop Gregory of Tours (538–594) — author also of Ten books of histories and Eight books of miracles as well as of a Commentary on the understanding of the Psalter (of which, however, only fragments are preserved) — declares God's “wonders” of the natural world to be superior to the seven ancient wonders of the world. The reason for this is that the latter, being works of men, are subject to decay and destruction, while the former, as miraculous works of God, are divinely sustained and renewed daily or annually, thereby becoming imperishable. An examination of the associative contexts in which two of these wonders — the sea (enlarged to include water in its various forms) and plant life — occur in the rest of Gregory's works reveals several essential themes of his thinking not only about nature, but also about God, man and society. Thought, for him, nature as a (divinely sustained) system of regularities does exist as a kind of backdrop, sudden unpredictable divine — and sometimes diabolic — action in and through phenomena occupies the center of the stage. Gregory tends to see this action in the shape of what he regards as pre-existing images or patterns of invisible spiritual truth, to which the visible, even material, structure of events must necessarily conform. He shows, too, how this action could reflect as well as meet various needs of the individual and of society as a whole. An association which recurs almost constantly in his treatment of divine action in these natural phenomena, which he sometimes describes as analogous to that in man, is precisely that with the cluster of closely related concepts of renewal, rebirth and creation ex nihilo. Together with what appears as an extreme, as it were ‘poetical’, sensitivity to sudden perceptions and intuitions, something like a longing for and surrender to what he describes as “astonished admiration” may have helped to make possible his recognition of that which he designated as divine creative power in the world of visible reality as well as in man's inner experience. His seeing this as an essential dynamic of the holy may mean that he felt it to be a fundamental need and concern not only of the individual personality but also, more obscurely, of the society in which he found himself.     

The money tree: Exploring central bank digital currency blockchain imaginaries

Central banks worldwide are developing, piloting and launching new central bank digital currencies (CBDCs). As the hub for the central banking community, the Bank for International Settlements (BIS) promotes a curiously botanical CBDC imaginary. From ‘money flowers’ to ‘tree trunks’ and a ‘strong canopy’, This helps to naturalize CBDC without clarifying its sociopolitical implications or envisioned monetary future, such as geopolitical tensions and financial fragmentation, new modes of financial interaction or the strengthened role of central banks. While omitting the paradoxes and ambivalences of CBDC, the imaginary of the BIS structures the enfolding discourses and allows the bank to function as a think tank for financial policy-making.     

Producing liminal space: gender,age and class in northern Ontario's tree planting industry

Drawing upon qualitative data, this article examines how tree planters in northern Ontario, Canada engage with liminality in terms of gender, class, age and space. In doing so, it provides insight into concepts of gender liminality and the variegated experiences of males and females in liminal space. The article focuses on four aspects of the liminal engagement. First, the spaces of tree planting are liminal as they are marked by homelife and worklife, but dominated by neither. Second, gender performances are liminal, as males perform masculinities seldom necessary or appropriate – yet often valorized – in their permanent communities, while females (who make up nearly half of the workforce) are offered opportunities to work and succeed in a traditionally male industry. However, success often requires that they adopt certain masculine traits. Third, most tree planters are in the interstitial age of ‘youth’, somewhere between adolescence and adulthood. Finally, tree planters are generally members of affluent urban middle-classes, yet the work they perform is more readily associated with rural or peripheral working-classes.     

Work and life in the clear-cut: communities of practice in the northern Ontario tree planting industry

Based on ethnography, interviews with tree planters and a survey of tree planting contractors, this article focuses on work cultures in northern Ontario tree planting camps. The compressed planting season and the relatively high yearly turnover in the workforce requires that new workers quickly learn how to plant efficiently. These features result in the development of distinctive work cultures and practices that facilitate learning and the sharing of tacit knowledge between planters. Using the concept of communities of practice, we emphasize the social practices that facilitate the integration of planters into their working communities. At one level, tree planters belong to an extensive network of practice and have a shared sense of identity, irrespective of for which contractor, in which region or in which camp, they work. However, at a finer level there are noticeable variations between camps. Both the client for whom planting is done and the operational practices of the tree planting contractor shape the communities of practice in individual camps. However, the most important factor accounting for differences between camps is the process by which communities of practice are socially produced, reproduced and transformed over time and the role, played in this process by worker turnover and retention.     

PEG稳定河姆渡遗址出土香樟的干燥特性研究

研究饱水古木材的干燥特性可以对古木材的定型保护提供重要的参考,因此本研究以河姆渡遗址出土的香樟木材为试样,在加热的条件下,用不同质量百分比浓度的聚乙二醇(PEG 2000)为定形加固剂,研究了降解饱水香樟在自然条件下的干燥特性。结果表明降解饱水香樟的自然干燥过程可以分为干燥初期试样质量的快速下降和干燥后期试样质量平稳变化两个阶段。干燥初期试样质量下降比与干燥时间符合m/m0=-kt+c的干燥方程且线性良好。随着PEG处理浓度的升高,两个阶段之间逐渐出现一个过渡过程,PEG处理浓度越高,过渡过程越明显。达到干燥终点时,香樟试样的尺寸稳定性随着PEG浓度的升高而显著增强,当浓度达到70%时,纵向、径向和弦向的收缩率下降明显,但弦向的收缩率仍相对较大。随着PEG处理浓度的增加,自然干燥后的香樟试样表观色泽逐渐加深。因此,PEG 2000浓度以不超过40%为宜。     

Evaluating similarity of radial increments around tree stem circumference of European beech and Norway spruce from Central Europe

Extracting cores from a tree using an increment borer has been standard practice in dendrochronological studies for a long time. Although empirical rules exist regarding how many samples to take and which methodology to apply, comparatively few studies provide quantification of the similarity of relative tree-ring-widths (TRW) around the stem circumference. The aim of this study was therefore to precisely measure the similarity of standardised TRWs around the stem circumference and to provide objective suggestions for optimal core sampling of Norway spruce (Picea abies Karst. [L.]) and European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) growing in Central European temperate forests. A large sample of cross-sectional discs was used from Norway spruce and European beech trees growing on various slopes, at different altitudes and biogeographic regions across the Czech Republic and Slovakia. The similarity of TRWs measured in different coring directions was analysed by testing the relativized TRW around the trunk (rTRW). Comparison of rTRWs revealed no significant differences between coring directions, indicating that the relative increment was the same around the radius. The results also showed the high similarity between the rTRWs to be independent of both slope inclination and altitude. Moreover, the reconstruction of proportional tree diameters and basal areas backward in time from one core sample and one measurement of tree diameter (basal area) at the time of sample extraction is possible with reasonable precision.     

吉林大学图书馆馆藏抄稿本家谱叙录

本将吉林大学图书馆藏的二十一种稀见抄稿本家谱做以叙录,旨在揭示馆藏,亦供家谱研究及爱好参考利用。