Sorcery and publicity: the Cadiere Girard scandal of 1730 1731

The Cadière–Girard trial of 1730–1731 isan early example of a sensational, nationally publicized Frenchtrial in which the major parties were private individuals. Cadière,a female penitent, accused Girard, her Jesuit confessor, ofbewitching and raping her; Girard claimed that Cadièrewas guilty of slander. It was to be the last witchcraft trialin the francophone world. Another notable feature of the trialwas its publicity, in which the contesting parties almost immediatelybecame stand-ins for the Society of Jesus and for its Jansenistadversaries. This paper argues that certain anti-Jesuits, particularlyCadière's defence team and in the Parlement of Aix-en-Provence,acted to prolong the trial with the aim of creating as muchbad publicity as possible for the Society of Jesus; it alsoshows how Jansenist publicists took advantage of the lengthyprocess, creating literature that ‘burned Girard in spirit’,and with him, the Jesuits as a whole.     

The coming of age of the history of archaeology

Publications and organizational developments relating to the history of archaeology from 1989 until June 1993 are critically examined. Attention is paid to the changing motivations for producing such publications, their shifting intellectual orientation, controversies, especially as they relate to internal vs external approaches and the epistemological status of explanations, problems of verification, and the status of these studies as a subfield within archaeology.     

彭雪枫新闻宣传思想研究

彭雪枫新闻宣传思想主要是对<拂晓报>的新闻宣传工作实践经验和教训的集中总结和理论概括,它是对马克思主义、毛泽东思想中关于新闻宣传工作的思想和学说的直接继承和发展,因而,也就具有好承接性、实践性、辩证性的重要特点,它是我党新闻宣传思想史上的宝贵财富.     

The coming revolution in foreign affairs: rethinking American national security

For the last two decades the US has pursued what some analysts have called the ‘fantastical idea’ of military transformation that would enable the US to change the very nature of war. Known as the ‘revolution in military affairs’, this process would use technology to provide the US with battlefield dominance that no opponent could overcome. Motivated by the politics of the Cold War, however, this exit from reality has proved less than effective in what has become known as the ‘war on terror’. The US has been pulled into nasty, ‘small’ wars, against enemies utilizing asymmetric tactics. The Bush administration has tried to destroy these groups through the use of military force, failing, or even worse refusing, to recognize that these enemies feed off the economical, political and social rot of weak and failing states. For the last eight years the US government has addressed the symptoms of a problem rather than the actual disease. If America wants to make serious progress with the most pressing national security risks, the next American president must enact a revolution in foreign affairs that sees a massive overhaul and substantial investment in the State Department and USAID. A critical mass of research exists to illustrate the links between development and security—it is time Washington gets serious and embraces a conception of security that is more holistic, and ultimately, more effective.     

《管子·侈靡篇》的结构与主题

《管子·侈靡篇》是中国古代思想史上一篇很有特色的文章.多数学者认为它只是若干段落零星文字的结集,而不是一篇完整的论文,但主要讨论的是经济问题.实际上,《管子·侈靡篇》首尾呼应,中间各层亦有转承关系,论证逐层深入,是一篇结构谨严的专题论文.它的主要思想不是以奢侈消费促进生产,而是通过等级消费来控制臣民.所以其主题与其说是经济问题,不如说是君臣关系问题.     

Multiple discourses among the Bedouin: Fieldwork and the invention of the ethnographic text

Maza, Sarah C. Servants and Masters in Eighteenth‐Century France. The Uses of Loyalty. Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press, 1983. xiv + 368 pp. including illustrations, appendices, chapter references, sources and bibliography, and index. $32.50 cloth.

Dudden, Faye E. Serving Women. Household Service in Nineteenth‐Century America. Middletown, Connecticut: Wesleyan University Press, 1983. viii + 344 pp. including chapter references and index. $19.95 cloth.

Rollins, Judith. Between Women. Domestics and Their Employers. Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 1985. viii + 261 pp. including chapter references and index. $24.95 cloth.

Glenn, Evelyn Nakano. Issei, Nisei, War Bride. Three Generations of Japanese American Women in Domestic Service. Philadelphia: Temple Uni‐verity Press, 1986. xviii + 290 pp. including appendices, chapter references, and index. $29.95 cloth.

Stanley, Liz, ed. The Diaries of Hannah Cullwick. Victorian Maidservant London: Virago Press, 1984. vii + 327 pp. including illustrations, appendices, and notes. £5.95 paper ($25 available through Rutgers University Press).

Gordon, Suzanne. A Talent for Tomorrow. Life Stories of South African Servants. Johannesburg: Ravan Press, 1985. xxvii + 294 pp., including glossary, bibliography, index, and photographs by Ingrid Hudson. $16.95 paper (available through Ohio University Press).     

Science, text and space: thoughts on the geography of reading

The idea of a 'geography of reading' provides a potential point of conversation between the cultural and scientific wings of our profession. Here I explore some dimensions of the geography of reading scientific texts. Drawing on a number of theoretical pronouncements – Gadamer's 'fusion of horizons', Said's 'travelling theory', Secord's 'geographies of reading', Beer's 'miscegenation of texts', Fish's 'interpretive communities' and Rupke's 'geographies of reception'– I focus on the spaces where scientific theories are encountered. The argument is that where scientific texts are read has an important bearing on how they are read. This realization points to a fundamental instability in scientific meaning and to the crucial significance of what might be called located hermeneutics. As a case study in the development of a cartographics of scientific meaning, I explore the different ways in which Darwin's fundamentally biogeographical theory of evolution by natural selection was construed in a number of different settings. The sites I have chosen to illustrate this are the scientific communities which congregated around the Charleston Museum of Natural History in South Carolina, the Wellington Philosophical Society and New Zealand Institute, and the St Petersburg Society of Naturalists in Russia during the second half of the nineteenth century. In each case the encounter with evolution theory, and the ways it was interpreted, are shown to have been shaped by local cultural politics, thereby disclosing the critical role that space plays in the production of scientific meaning.     

Getting it together: A text for all seasons

David Landy, ed. Culture, Disease and Healing: Studies in Medical Anthropology. New York: MacMillan Publishing Co., 1977. xv + 559 pp. Introduction, references, figures, tables. $13.95.     

试析太平天国运动时期来沪绅商社会观念的嬗变

在太平天国运动时期蜂拥来沪的移民潮中,士绅文人、坐商行贾是一个值得关注的群体。他们寓居沪上期间,受日渐繁荣的近代城市商业氛围的影响和租界内西方文化的熏染,其传统的社会观念在悄然变动。首先,重利轻义思想开始慢慢取代迂腐的重义轻利价值观而日益影响他们的行为方式;其次,随着来沪后封建宗法观念的淡化,这一群体的消费、伦理观念为之一变;再者,受租界文明的刺激和启示,部分绅商面对西方制度、精神层面的文化,开始表现为一种渐呈开放的心态。