Counterterrorism policy in liberal-democratic societies: locating the ethical limits of national security

This article considers the moral limits to national security policies. While it may seem self-evident that there are, and ought to be, limits to counterterrorism policies, there is an increasingly widespread public opinion that political leaders can, and must, do everything they can to protect against terrorist acts. Liberal-democratic societies are facing the threat of domestic terrorism, and for a political leader to say that ‘we cannot stop all terrorist acts and, indeed, neither should we’ would sound the death knell for their career. This article seeks to specify the limiting conditions around counterterrorism policy by reference to policymakers’ public justifications offered for counterterrorism policy. This article presents three normative elements that underpin counterterrorism policy to show that there are important reasons to limit counterterrorism policy, and to suggest that these limits ought to be recognised by political leaders and citizens alike in liberal-democratic societies. Having set out three limiting factors on counterterrorism policy, the article then shows that these factors do indeed play a role in UK counterterrorism policy development—that is, in recognising the justificatory apparatus for national security policies, limiting conditions ought to be found that are sensible to, and accepted by, the proponents of such policies.     

The emergence of status inequality in intermediate scale societies: A demographic and socio-economic history of the Keatley Creek site,British Columbia

Explaining the emergence of status inequality in human societies is an important priority for many anthropological archaeologists, particularly those whose research includes intermediate scale societies (complex hunter–gatherers and early agriculturalists). Yet, fine grained records of emergent inequality are still exceedingly rare. This paper outlines a fine-grained record of cultural change from the Keatley Creek site, a complex hunter–gatherer village in British Columbia, in which it is possible to recognize the emergence of inequality and its demographic and economic correlates. Results of the study suggest that status inequality emerged abruptly after an extended period of socio-economic stability in the village under conditions of adversely altered resource conditions, demographic packing, and subsistence resource diversification and extensification.     

大英博物馆 世界上第一座国家博物馆

<正>世界上第一座国家博物馆大英博物馆,从不为人关注到成为英国的国家文化载体、大众的文化空间,在这一历程中如何发挥国家在文化载体、民族文化建构上的主导作用,以及实现国家与民众之间的互动,相信会给中国的文化建设以一定的启示。     

Interdependence among egalitarian societies

Egalitarian societies are rarely entirely self-sufficient for subsistence. The conditions fostering interdependence, however, have yet to be studied systematically. Utilizing ecological models, this research analyses the process by which interdependence involving food resource sharing and exchange develops among egalitarian societies. Two distinct types of interdependence are defined: buffering, which alleviates periodic food shortages, and mutualism, in which complementary foods (carbohydrates, fats, and proteins) are exchanged on a regular basis. The utility of these models is then evaluated using ethnographic data. The article concludes with a discussion of the evolutionary trajectories of interdependent egalitarian systems.     

Food and complex societies

In complex societies individuals from distinct social, economic, gender, or age groups often consume different foods because of various economic, political, and ideological factors. The food system not only involves what is consumed but includes the labor and technology that goes into the production and preparation of food as well as how certain foods are distributed and eventually discarded. Food systems within and among complex societies are thus tightly intertwined with social differentiation and the political economy and participate in defining and maintaining differential social relations.     

Islam in Tribal societies

Ahmed, Akbar S., and David M. Hart, eds. Islam in Tribal Societies: From the Atlas to the Indus. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1984. vii + 343 pp. including chapter references and index. $21.95 paper.     

工业文明,挥之不去的历史记忆 英国的工业遗产

近代大工业于18世纪最后30年在英国发端,漫长的工业化时代和繁荣的工业文明留下了丰富的历史遗迹。这些遗迹反映了科技发展和社会进步的沧桑历程,见证了工业文明对经济、社会发展和人类生产、生活方式的变迁产生的巨大影响。然而在新技术革命的冲击下,它们正在逐渐淡出人们的视野,这既是社会进步的标志之一,也意味着一种文明的衰落。     

Human societies as corporate entities

M. G. Smith. Corporations and Society: The Social Anthropology of Collective Action. Chicago: Aldine Publishing Co., 1975. 383 pp. Tables, bibliography and index. $17.50.     

英国近代前期无神论思想拾零

英国无神论思想是该国政治思想史上的重要内容,长期以来循序发展。其源头至少可溯至都铎王朝晚期,代表人物有伊丽莎白的近臣沃尔特.雷利爵士。在培根之后,霍布斯是17世纪批判上帝和基督教的典范。光荣革命前后不列颠无神论思想大致分为两种类型:洛克、休谟、边沁型——含蓄委婉地质疑上帝和基督教教义,以及托兰德、葛德文、雪莱型——直率无畏地抨击宗教的蒙蔽和虚伪。欧文的批评更是淋漓尽致。19世纪中叶科学文化的长足进步促成了信仰自由的社会局面,政教合一的政府体制渐被削弱。1886年布雷德洛事件的了结是英国政教合一体制明显松动的标志。     

缅甸殖民地时期的地主土地所有制

本文认为,在缅甸历史上,以土地私有权为基础的、以租佃关系为特征的地主土地所有制是在英国殖民统治时期形成的,这种土地所有制的形成和发展,不仅对当时缅甸农村的社会经济产生了很大的负面影响,也是导致领导缅甸走上独立发展道路的民族主义者们,在独立以后不久即在缅甸推行土地改革和后来选择"缅甸式社会主义"道路的一个重要因素。     

The transition of British Africa

At the turn of the century British literary historians and critics, such as Geikie, Sharp, and Thomas, studied the influence of environment on the works of novelists and poets. In particular, the concepts of literary geographers and a writer's country were developed. Earlier deterministic approaches have been modified and more recent studies by Drabble, O'Brien and Pocock have looked at the totality of influences of place on the work of various writers.