Sociabilités Intellectuelles et Librairie Révolutionnaire

From the proclamation of the « liberties » in 1789 to the law on bookselling of 1810, the dynamics of the world of print continue to be an interesting and original field of study when one is seeking to gain a deeper understanding of intellectual activity, both from an institutional and epistemological point of view. Because traditional modes of scientific and literary production were challenged from 1789 onwards, the study of printing and publishing can shed light on the social, institutional and theoretical changes which characterized this moment of « transition ». This article, although not exhaustive, aims to put the printing press at the heart of a better understanding of the changes in social relations, social identities and intellectual output during the Revolution.     

La "paix perpétuelle" et l'Europe dans le discours des Lumières

L'article analyse la fac¸on dont les écrivains politiques et les philosophes du siècle des Lumières se sont représenté l'institutionnalisation d'un système de paix en Europe. Le XVIII e siècle voit le devenir-hégémonique d'une pensée qui conc¸oit la paix comme une entiténaturelle et, en tant que telle, catégoriquement opposée à la guerre. La paix, qui sera désormais dotée de l'attribut de justice, est fondée sur la puissance intégratrice spontanée de la société . Ainsi, les projets de paix comme établissement d'un ordre d'une paix juste s'inscrivent dans un triangle théorique unissant la pax , l' ordo et la iustitia qui a été développé par la théologie politique médiévale. Mais alors que pour cette dernière, Dieu était le centre spirituel d'oùémane l'ordre de la paix juste, une certaine conception de la nature humaine prend désormais la place de Dieu.     

Les légitimistes hongrois et la question de l'Europe centrale, 1929–38

This article explores the restoration attempts of Hungarian legitimists and is particularly devoted to the geopolitical implications of the Hungarian legitimist movement devoted to the Habsburg pretender Otto between 1929 and the invasion of Austria by the Nazis.     

Affamer les prisonniers de guerre: entre mythes et réalités, 1914–54

Since the end of the nineteenth century, prisoners of war must be taken in care by their guardians, in terms of food. Sometimes this food is not good enough and leads to cases of starvation. Considering ideological conditions as well as material and chronological evolutions, this paper tries to explain how the prisoners are very often hostages in hands of their guards and how starvation can be an ideological tool.     

The education of Anacharsis Cloots (1755–1794) at the Berlin Académie militaire des nobles (1770–1773)

This article examines the education that Anacharsis Cloots (1755–1794) received during his stay at the Berlin Académie des nobles (1770–1773). Cloots wrote at several occasions about his education there, notably naming Sulzer as a philosophical influence 10 years later. Examining the pupils’ life at the Académie, Sulzer’s teaching, and the detailed study schedule, this paper wonders what elements may have influenced Cloots. It is likely that Sulzer taught the philosophy of Wolff, but it is difficult to ascertain his influence on Cloots. There are similarities between Wolff’s civitas maxima and Cloots’s ‘universal republic’ that justify further studies.