La "paix perpétuelle" et l'Europe dans le discours des Lumières

L'article analyse la fac¸on dont les écrivains politiques et les philosophes du siècle des Lumières se sont représenté l'institutionnalisation d'un système de paix en Europe. Le XVIII e siècle voit le devenir-hégémonique d'une pensée qui conc¸oit la paix comme une entiténaturelle et, en tant que telle, catégoriquement opposée à la guerre. La paix, qui sera désormais dotée de l'attribut de justice, est fondée sur la puissance intégratrice spontanée de la société . Ainsi, les projets de paix comme établissement d'un ordre d'une paix juste s'inscrivent dans un triangle théorique unissant la pax , l' ordo et la iustitia qui a été développé par la théologie politique médiévale. Mais alors que pour cette dernière, Dieu était le centre spirituel d'oùémane l'ordre de la paix juste, une certaine conception de la nature humaine prend désormais la place de Dieu.     

Les légitimistes hongrois et la question de l'Europe centrale, 1929–38

This article explores the restoration attempts of Hungarian legitimists and is particularly devoted to the geopolitical implications of the Hungarian legitimist movement devoted to the Habsburg pretender Otto between 1929 and the invasion of Austria by the Nazis.     

Affamer les prisonniers de guerre: entre mythes et réalités, 1914–54

Since the end of the nineteenth century, prisoners of war must be taken in care by their guardians, in terms of food. Sometimes this food is not good enough and leads to cases of starvation. Considering ideological conditions as well as material and chronological evolutions, this paper tries to explain how the prisoners are very often hostages in hands of their guards and how starvation can be an ideological tool.     

The education of Anacharsis Cloots (1755–1794) at the Berlin Académie militaire des nobles (1770–1773)

This article examines the education that Anacharsis Cloots (1755–1794) received during his stay at the Berlin Académie des nobles (1770–1773). Cloots wrote at several occasions about his education there, notably naming Sulzer as a philosophical influence 10 years later. Examining the pupils’ life at the Académie, Sulzer’s teaching, and the detailed study schedule, this paper wonders what elements may have influenced Cloots. It is likely that Sulzer taught the philosophy of Wolff, but it is difficult to ascertain his influence on Cloots. There are similarities between Wolff’s civitas maxima and Cloots’s ‘universal republic’ that justify further studies.     

Écriture, institution et société le travail littéraire dans la Compagnie de jésus en France (1620–1720)

For the past few years, a renewal of historical studies has begun on the intellectual work of the old Company of Jesus. In this paper, we would like to emphasize the place and the process of literary activities in France between 1620 and 1720, by describing the attempts to create an intellectual apostolate. Two approaches have been applied here: on the one hand, from an institutional point of view, we will estimate the importance of intellectual work in the spectrum of responsibilities inside the Congregation; on the other hand, the analysis based on several antijesuit polemics will point to the social communication of the Order.