Secularisation,anticlericalism and cremation within Italian cemeteries of the nineteenth century

This article examines the monumental cemeteries of nineteenth-century Italy with regard to their role as platforms for the tensions between Church and state. In that burial grounds were publically owned yet administered by the clergy, they represented a space where conflicts between secular and clerical powers might be played out – conflicts that reached a peak in the final decades of the Ottocento following the annexation of the Papal State to unified Italy. Particular attention is given to the adoption of cremation as a practice that was advocated by anticlerical, liberal and radical factions in opposition to the Catholic Church. That opposition was manifested in the design and layout of Italian burial grounds and in construction of new crematoria.     

Looking beyond home shores: Dutch tolerance at the end of the seventeenth century

The Dutch history of the golden century, a formula which had effectively imposed this interpretative paradigm well beyond the seventeenth century, has been analysed in a more conscientious manner by more recent historiography. This has tempered the hagiographic reading and confirmed the fact that, in the second half of the century, the question of tolerance had become primarily a political conquest and a value shared by other nations. A supernational, European value, but which had also begun to cross the Atlantic several decades earlier. It is interesting to explore how writers facing each other across the two shores of the Channel, on one side observed and interpreted and on the other side presented themselves, offering to foreign eyes the concept of tolerance that had been consolidated in the Netherlands. In the appendix to the essay, besides sinignifcative images, is transcribed the rare and meaningful pamphlet titled ‘A LETTER from HOLLAND, touching Liberty of Conscience, &c.’     

Proceedings of the royal Scottish geographical society

EUROPE.

Scotland Picturesque and Traditional. By Geo. Eyre‐Todd. Stirling : Eneas Mackay, 1931. Price 5s.

In the Highlands. By Seton Gordon. London : Cassell and Co. Ltd., 1931. Price 7s. 6d.

A Last Voyage to St. Kilda. By Alasdair Alpin Macgregor. London: Cassell and Co. Ltd., 1931. Price 7s. 6d.

Rambles in Dorset. By J. H. Wade. London : Methuen and Co. Ltd., 1931. Price 7s. 6d.

Everyday Life in Old Scotland. By J. F. Geant. Part I.: To 1603. Part II.: 1603–1707. London : George Allen and Unwin Ltd., 1931. Price 2s. 6d. each Part.

So You ‘re Going to Spain. By Clara E. Laughlin. London : Methuen and Co. Ltd., n.d. Price 10s. 6d.

Greek Cities in Italy and Sicily. By David Randall‐MacIver. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1931. Price 12s. 6d.

Modern Germanies. By Cicely Hamilton. London and Toronto : J. M. Dent and Sons Ltd., 1931. Price 7s. 6d.

The Austrian Tyrol. By Ian F. D. Morrow. London : Faber and Faber Ltd., 1931. Price 15s.

Austria. By J. D. Newth. London : A. and C. Black Ltd., 1931. Price 7s. 6d.

An Agricultural Atlas of Scotland. By H. J. Wood. London : George Gill and Sons Ltd., 1931. Price 3s. 6d.

Les Paysages Catalans. Par Marcel Chevalier. Paris : Albert Blanchard, 1929. Prix 30 francs.

Kalabrien. Von Helmuth Kanter. Hamburg : Friederichsen, de Gruyter und Co., 1930.

Peninsular Europe. By L. W. Lyde, M.A. London : Longmans, Green and Co. Ltd., 1931. Price 10s. 6d. net.

The Baltic States : Latvia, Lithuania, and Estonia. By Hebe Spaull. London : A. and C. Black Ltd., 1931. Price 2s. 6d. net.

Skara Brae : A Pictish Village in Orkney. By V. Gordon Childe, B.Litt., Professor of Prehistoric Archaeology in Edinburgh University, author of The Most Ancient East, The Aryans, The Dawn of European Civilisation, etc. With chapters by Professor T. H. Bryce, F.R.S., and Professor D. M. S. Watson, F.R.S. London: Kegan Paul, Trench, Trubner and Co. Ltd., 1931. Price 31s. 6d.

A foot in Portugal. By John Gibbons. London : George Newnes Ltd., n.d. Price 7s. 6d.

Wanderings in Greece. By F. S. Burnell. London : Edward Arnold and Co., 1931. Price 7s. 6d.

Wanderings. By Arthur Symons. London : J. M. Dent and Sons Ltd., 1931. Price 8s. 6d.

ASIA.

Life in the Chinese Church. By T. Ralph Morton. London : The Student Christian Movement Press. Price 1s. 6d. net.

Romantic Ceylon : Its History, Legend, and Story. By R. H. Bassett. London : Cecil Palmer, 1929. Price 7s. 6d.

The People of the Leaves. By Vivian Meik. London: Philip Allan and Co. Ltd., 1931. Price 12s. 6d.

AFRICA.

A Wayfarer in North Africa : Tunisia and Algiers. By Fletcher Allen. London : Methuen and Co. Ltd., 1931. Price 7s. 6d.

Early Days in East Africa. By the late Sir Frederick Jackson. London : Edward Arnold and Co., 1930. Price 21s.

A Vagabond in Barbary. By Harry L. Foster. Illustrated. London : John Lane (The Bodley Head Ltd.), 1930. Price 12s. 6d. net.

Through Unknown Africa, By William Jaspert. Translated by Agnes Platt. London : Jarrolds Ltd. Price 12s. 6d. net.

Jungle Ways. By William B. Seabrook. London : Harrap and Co. Ltd., 1931. Price 10s. 6d. net.

AMERICA.

Land of Wonder and Fear. By F. A. Mitchell‐Hedges. London : Duckworth and Co. Ltd., 1931. Price 18s.

A Yankee in Patagonia. Edward Chace: His Thirty Years There, 1898–1928. By Robert and Katharine Barrett. Cambridge: W. Heffer and Sons Ltd., 1931. Price 12s. 6d.

POLAR.

South Georgia. By L. H. Matthews. Bristol: J. Wright and Sons. London: Simpkin Marshall Ltd., 1931. Price 15s. net.

GENERAL.

A Short History of British Expansion. By James A. Williamson. London: Macmillan and Co. Ltd. Second Edition, 1930. Two vols. Price 15s. each.

Plant Life through the Ages : A Geological and Botanical Retrospect. By A. C. : Seward. Cambridge : University Press, 1931. Price 30s.

Memoirs of a Ceylon Planter's Travels. By Mountsteven Bremer. London : Rivington and Co., 1930. Price 10s. 6d.

The World Mapped : Being a Short History of Attempts to Map the World from Antiquity to the Twentieth Century. By I. J. Curnow, B.A., Ph.D. (Lond.). London : Sifton Praed and Co., 1930. Price 5s.

Geographische Grundlagen der Geschichte. Von Hugo Hassinger. Freiburg im Breisgau : Herder und Co., 1931. Preis M. 10.50.

Climatology. By A. Austin Miller. London : Methuen and Co. Ltd., 1931. Price 12s. 6d. net.

Climate. By W. G. Kendkew. Oxford : The Clarendon Press, 1930. Price 15s.

Raw Materials of Commerce. By J. Henry Vanstone. Two vols. London : Sir Isaac Pitman and Sons Ltd., 1929. Price 40s. net.

Blood and Oil in the Orient. By Essad Bey. Translated from the German by Elsa Talmey. London : Nash and Grayson Ltd., 1930. Price 18s. net.

EDUCATIONAL.

South America. By Edward V. Lane. (Harrap's New Geographical Series.) London : George Harrap and Co. Ltd., 1931. Price 3s.

Social and Economic Geography. By L. Brettle, M.A., B.Litt., F.R.G.S. London : Sir Isaac Pitman and Sons Ltd., 1931. Price 10s. 6d. net.

Land Forms and Life. By C. C. Carter. London : Christophers, 1931. Price 6s.     

Peoceedings of the royal Scottish geogeaphical society

Europe.

The Place‐Names of Argyll. By H. Cameron Gillies, M.D. With a Preface from the Duke of Argyll. London: David Nutt.

General.

Geology: Earth History. By Thomas C. Chamberlin and Rollin D. Salisbury. Vols. II. and III. London: John Muriay, 1906.

Les Tremblements de Terre—Géographie Seismologique. By F. de Montessus de Ballore. Paris: Librairie Armand Colin, 1906.

Some Facts about the Weather. By William Mariott. London: Edward Stanford, 1906. Price 6d.

A Historical Geography of the British Colonies. By C. P. Lucas. Vol. I. The Mediterranean and Eastern Colonies. Second Edition. Eevised and brought up to date by R. S. Stubbs, B.A. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1906. Price 5s.     

Proceedings of the royal Scottish geographical society

Itinerant merchants have been an integral part of world trade since at least the time of the earliest Silk Route from China to the West. Today a group of traders from Nepal maintain this tradition. Today their travel is by economy jet and inexpensive train. The countries involved are primarily thos6 with historic ties to the mercenary Ghurka forces under the British. The traders are well organized and limited to a few‐families, primarily from the Pokhara Valley in Nepal. Their goods begin with products from Nepal and Tibet, but they also move goods gathered along their route. They represent a charming anomaly in the modern world, a touch of the old Asia.