Some thought concerning education

This article discusses the development of German Social Democratic Party strategy in the fourth quarter of the nineteenth century and the first decade of the twentieth, as a result of the works of Friedrich Engels and Karl Kautsky. It ties the evolution of Marxist orthodoxy to the emergence of parliamentary democracy in different European societies. In particular, it discusses the way parliamentary conditions impacted on how the proletarian revolution was imagined. Revolution was newly defined as the establishment through parliamentary means of a new government representing a new social class. Also, the early Marxist strategy of ‘permanent revolution’, which had allowed proletarian-socialist minority rule, was abandoned.     

Apologia of Classical Evolutionism

Hans C. Buechler and Judith‐Maria Buechler. Carmen: The Autobiography of a Spanish Galician Woman. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Schenkman Publishing Company, 1981. xxxi + 242 pp. Index, illustrations. $16.95 cloth, $7.95 paper.     

Franklin's Classical American Statesmanship

Abstract

Herbert Storing has persuasively argued that American political thought and statesmanship breaks with the tradition of classical political philosophy and statesmanship, particularly its concern with shaping the character of citizens and leaders, and instead sides with modern political philosophy, which has tended to encourage statesmen to forgo shaping the character of citizens and leaders and to focus instead on shaping institutions that will function regardless of citizens' virtue (or lack of virtue). An exception to this general rule, however, is Benjamin Franklin. Franklin, in the tradition of classical statesmanship, sought to shape not only American political institutions, but also and especially the character and way of life of his fellow citizens. Yet the character and way of life that Franklin helped lead his fellow citizens to embrace is uniquely modern and American in spirit. Thus, Franklin can be said to offer us an example of classical, but uniquely modern and American, statesmanship.     

苏州古典园林

核心价值概述 苏州古典园林位于江苏省苏州市境内,包括1997年被列入《世界遗产名录》的拙政园、留园、网师园、环秀山庄,以及2000年扩展的沧浪亭、狮子林、艺圃、耦园和退思园.苏州古典园林的历史可以上溯到公元前6世纪的吴王苑囿,公元4世纪出现私家园林,18世纪达到鼎盛.现存的苏州古典园林仍有50余处,建造于11-19世纪的9处古典园林以其意境深远、构筑精致、艺术高雅、文化内涵丰富而成为中国古代文人写意山水园林艺术的典范,完美地诠释了中国古代文人士大夫的隐逸文化、美学思想与城市人居环境的和谐统一.     

Psychologists on culture and thought

Michael Cole and Sylvia Scribner. Culture and Thought: A Psychological Introduction. New York: John Wiley & Sons, 1974. vii + 227 pp. Figures, references, and indexes. $8.95 (paper).

J. W. Berry and P. R. Dasen, eds. Culture and Cognition: Readings in Cross‐Cultural Psychology London: Methuen (New York: Barnes & Noble), 1974. xiv + 487 pp. Figures, tables, references, and indexes. $17.00 (cloth), $8.50 (paper).     

试论费宏的思想与学术

费宏是政治家,而不以学术名家.他的学术思想以孔子儒学为基础,以程朱理学为依归,接受丘濬的影响,心仪真德秀之学,推尊<大学衍义>.政治上,他与王阳明对立,因而在学术上,对王氏心学之诱惑愚诞、背弃圣贤亦持否定态度.他的政治思想体现在正君爱民的治国之道、严体宽济的刑罚之道、损上益下的富民之道、崇教进学的育人之道等方面.