The Medieval Manor of Penhallam,Jacobstow, Cornwall

THE remains of the medieval manor of Penhallam lie in a sheltered valley in the parish of Jacobstow, some 3 miles from the sea. It was one of the principal houses of the Cardinham family who held, under the king, the largest seignory in the county of Cornwall. Extensive excavation between the years 1968 and 1973 revealed substantial remains of a sophisticated manor house, standing within an earlier ring-work. The stone-built house was constructed in four periods during the late 12th and early 13th centuries. It was deserted in the middle of the 14th century and was gradually demolished. Mo remains of the buildings were visible above ground at the time of the commencement of the excavation. The site, now known as Berry Court, takes the name of a small homestead of probable 16th-century origin, standing on the outer edge of the moat.

There was no visible trace of the hall associated with the early Norman ring-work, but its existence is attested by the subsequent development of the site. Excavation revealed that there were stone buildings standing on the four sides of a courtyard. They comprised a hall, camera, chapel, service rooms, lodgings and a gatehouse. From these remains it was possible to obtain much information about the construction and development of a medieval manor house in the 12th and 13th centuries. Excavation of the 13th-century gatehouse and drawbridge well revealed the construction, assembly and operation of a counter-balanced bridge.

The excavation finds, attributed to the 13th and early 14th centuries, have been presented to the Royal Institution of Cornwall at Truro.     

Great Moor Farm,Sowton, Devon: the recording and excavation of a 16th- and 17th-century farmhouse

SUMMARY: The demolished Great Moor Farm provided a unique opportunity to study the development of a Devon farmhouse combining detailed fabric recording, excavation and documentary research. The building had a complex structural history, and neither the recording of the standing structure nor the excavation on its own provided sufficient information for the confident identification of the sequence of phases and their dating. The development of the house can be followed from its original construction in the early 16th century, as it was adapted, improved and enlarged following the prevailing fashions of comfort and style, to become a relatively large and comfortable house by c. 1700. Its growth coincided with a prosperous period for Devon farmers and with the evolution of the medieval to the modern house.     

The Medieval and Early Modern Cornish Stamping Mill

Abstract

The exhaustion of the richest alluvial tin deposits led to development of lode tin. Stamping mills were developed to crush the ore and although considerable archaeological and documentary work had been carried out in neighbouring Devon, little research had been undertaken in Cornwall. The excavation of two mills at Colliford, the survey of further examples at Retallack and an extensive search of documentary evidence has allowed an appraisal of this aspect of the early Cornish tin industry. Much work still remains, but now it is possible to be much more positive about the character of the surviving field evidence, the potential for excavation and the need to develop a research strategy.     

Iron Working in the Vicinity of Weybridge,Surrey

Abstract

The presence of eighteenth-century iron working mills and the coincidental local, but limited, source of iron in the Weybridge area of Surrey, has led a number of authors to suggest that these mills smelted locally extracted iron ore. The present author has described elsewhere the occurrence of the ore and indicated that extraction was in pre-mediaeval times, probably during the Iron Age. In further support of this theory, the original records of Iron Age archaeological sites in the area are shown to reveal positive evidence of iron working. The history of the iron mills throughout their restricted period of iron working is also described, and at each site a close association between the fabrication of iron, and brass and copper products, where the metal is of undoubted extraneous origin, is evident.     

The Medieval Village at Garrow Tor,Bodmin Moor,Cornwall

SUMMARY

The site chosen for excavation in the medieval village at Garrow proved to be a platform-house, a variant of the long-house, a widespread form of peasant dwelling. Both types provided for the shelter of man and his beasts under one roof; in its early form, as here, it consisted of a living-room and byre separated by a passage connecting with an entrance in each long side. The platform-house was suited to meet the hard conditions of life in a hilly country of heavy rainfall. It was built on an oblong platform constructed with its long axis at right angles to the contours of the hillside. Thus the house gained considerable protection from wind and rain.

Two outstanding features were the hearth with fireback centrally placed on the floor in the upper room and the manger which was in situ in the byre. Near the house was a small barn. The two buildings stood in a small enclosure. Pottery found in the house and barn and in the fields connected with the settlement showed that there was occupation from the thirteenth to the fifteenth centuries. Inhabited farmhouses of this type can still be seen in Cornwall.¹     

陕西白水县下河遗址仰韶文化房址发掘简报

2010年,陕西省考古研究院对白水县下河遗址进行了发掘,主要收获为三座大型房址。三座房址均为五边形,有内、外两层墙体,使用料礓石烧制的白灰铺设地面。房址内出土遗物以陶器为主,另有石器、骨器和蚌器。这三座房址的发掘,对研究仰韶时期的建筑技术以及该遗址的聚落、经济等具有重要意义。     

大连庄河平顶山青铜时代遗址发掘简报

2003年春,辽宁省文物考古研究所抢救发掘了大连庄河平顶山青铜时代遗址,共发掘近3000平方米,清理出半地穴式房址11座、灰坑9个、墓葬2座。出土陶器、石器等遗物。从陶器特征看,此遗址属于双砣子三期文化范畴。     

甘肃肃北马鬃山径保尔草场玉矿遗址2016年发掘简报

径保尔草场玉矿遗址位于甘肃省酒泉市肃北县马鬃山镇公婆泉村。2016年4~7月,甘肃省文物考古研究所继续对遗址进行了发掘,清理石块堆积7处、灰坑20个、房址43座,出土有陶器、石器、铜器、玉料等遗物。遗址碳十四测年数据分布于公元前390~前60年,主要集中于公元前360~前150年。本次发掘为了解当时玉矿的开采情况提供了重要资料,对于开展遗址聚落分期并揭示各期聚落组成和形态演变具有重要意义。     

四川汉源县麦坪遗址2008年发掘简报

2008年度对麦坪遗址的发掘,共清理房址5座、墓葬13座、灰坑102座,出土陶器、石器、铜器等各类遗物200余件。该遗址是大渡河中游地区的一处中心聚落,本次工作区分出四类不同的文化遗存,对遗址的分期和年代有了更深刻的认识,为研究本区域的考古学文化谱系提供了重要资料。     

河南灵宝市西坡遗址2001年春发掘简报

西坡遗址位于河南省灵宝市阳平镇西坡村西北 ,地处铸鼎原中部偏东 ,北距黄河约6公里 ,南约 2 5公里即为小秦岭北坡。遗址坐落于自西南向东北倾斜的黄土塬上 ,海拔 4 6 0米～ 4 72米。汇入黄河一级小支流沙河的夫夫河和灵湖河分别自遗址的东西两侧北流而去 ,优越的自然环境为古文化的发育提供了重要的基础。遗址跨西坡、许家、南涧、北涧等四个自然村 ,四周多为断崖。虽然现代村庄与道路等对遗址造成了一定程度的破坏 ,但现存面积仍达 4 0万平方米 ,为铸鼎原及其周围古遗址中规模较大者之一。(图一 )2 0 0 1年 3月～ 5月 ,由河南省文物考古…     

The Robinson Enterprises at Papplewick,Nottinghamshire: Part Two

Abstract

In Part One (Industrial Archaeology Review Vol IX No 1) the establishment of the Robinsons' water powered cotton spinning mills along the River Leen was described. By 1785 there were four mills working and a fifth was being built, all of them dependent on the same water supply. The operations of these mills were seriously threatened by the activities of a land owner upstream who obstructed the water flow. The Robinsons then resorted to litigation and also immediately sought an alternative source of power. Their approach to Boulton and Watt led to the commissioning in 1785 of the first rotary steam engine to drive cotton spinning machinery. The problems attendant upon its installation and early operation are described through the medium of letters and drawings in the Boulton and Watt Collections. Using these and other sources the author establishes the site location of the first steam engine and also that of the second Watt engine some five years later. She is very much indebted to Peter Neaverson for additional technical information and his interpretation of the Boulton and Watt drawings.     

Observations on Some of the Principal Portraits of Devonshire Worthies

Area excavation of five Middle Bronze Age Round Houses at Black Patch, Alcisten, E. Sussex, has conclusively proved that the house terrace itself was a major structural element in the house construction. The position of storage pits and artifacts confirms that the house floor consisted of the whole house terrace. The precise recording of the position of every artifact was used to define activity areas which indicate the possible function of individual houses. From this evidence it is possible to suggest the likely social organisation of the excavated compound.     

Clarke Hall,Wakefield; architectural innovations in 17th-century West Yorkshire

Abstract

Clarke Hall stands one mile north-east of Wakefield (SE 342222) at the side of the A642 Aberford Road. Believed to be of early Elizabethan date, the house was purchased by the West Riding County Council in 1971 for conversion into a schools museum. Over the following three years the writer undertook a programme of documentary research and excavation which established that the building was entirely renewed in the late 1670s, its materials and plan clearly illustrating the transformation from medieval to post-medieval building practices in West Yorkshire.     

吉林省镇赉县乌兰吐北岗遗址发掘简报

2009年6～9月,吉林省文物考古研究所对乌兰吐北岗遗址进行了抢救性发掘。发现新石器时代房址7处,辽金时期灰沟1条,出土了陶器、骨器及石器等遗物。经比对,乌兰吐北岗遗址新石器时代遗存的下限年代与昂昂溪文化年代相当,上限年代有待于进一步研究。     

黑龙江省绥滨县四十连遗址发掘报告

1978年,黑龙江省文物考古工作队对二九○农场四十连遗址进行了发掘,揭露面积200平方米,清理房址3座,发现了一些手制的陶器和少量的石器、铁器。该遗址是一处属于同仁一期文化的遗存。     

江苏昆山绰墩遗址第二次发掘报告

1999年江苏昆山绰墩遗址第二次发掘面积 320平方米,发现房址 3座、灰坑 6个、墓葬 20座,为太湖地区新石器时代文化增添了一批重要资料。     

内蒙古赤峰市二道井子遗址的发掘

2009年4～11月,内蒙古文物考古研究所对赤峰市红山区二道井子遗址进行了考古发掘。清理城墙、环壕、院落、房屋、道路、窖穴、灰坑、墓葬等遗迹305处,出土陶器、石器、骨器、玉器等遗物1千余件。该遗址的发掘,为夏家店下层文化聚落考古的深入研究提供了科学依据。     

The Chantry Priests' House at Farleigh Hungerford Castle

THE REPAIR and consolidation of the house built in 1430 by Sir Walter de Hungerford for the priests serving the chantries founded for his father and later himself at Farleigh Hungerford Castle, Somerset, provided an opportunity for detailed examination of the fabric and a re-interpretation of its internal arrangements. This examination was combined with limited excavation inside as well as outside the building, which produced groups of pottery earlier than and also contemporary with the construction of the house in 1430.     

The Deserted Village, Slievemore, Achill Island, County Mayo, Ireland

The Deserted Village in Slievemore, currently the subject of research by archaeologists and students at the annual Achill Archaeological Summer Field School, consists of 74 buildings of an original 137. A survey of the architecture of the houses, excavation of a selected house, No. 36, and a field survey of the palimpsest of field systems surrounding the village suggest an origin for the village in the Early Medieval Period (A.D. 500–1200). Successive settlements modified, rebuilt, and destroyed much of the fabric of the original settlement, but sufficient diagnostic elements remain to plot tentatively the evolution of settlement up to and including final abandonment in the Post-Famine Period, ca. 1850–1890.     

内蒙古科左中旗哈民忙哈新石器时代遗址2011年的发掘

对哈民忙哈遗址进行的第二次发掘共清理出房址29座、灰坑10座、墓葬3座以及环壕1条,出土陶器、石器、骨角蚌器、玉器等1000余件。此次发掘,发现了房屋木质结构痕迹,这是我国第一次发现并清理出史前时期的房顶梁架结构。房址内发现众多的人骨遗骸也是史前时期考古中所罕见。