从“民俗”到“语境中的民俗”——中国民俗学研究的范式转换

20世纪90年代中后期以来,中国民俗学学者开始从单纯的民俗事象研究,转向在语境中研究民俗,强调田野调查,强调在田野中观察民俗生活、民俗表演的情境、民俗表演的人际互动、民俗表演与社会生活、社会关系、文化传统之间的复杂关联等等,呈现出民族志式的整体研究取向,时空、人、社会、表演、变迁、日常生活等系列关键词,表明在语境中研究民俗的学者具有共同的问题、方法以及学术取向,初步具备学术范式的意义。     

从维柯、卢梭到赫尔德——民俗学浪漫主义的根源

一、引言浪漫主义是民俗学的伟大传统。自民俗学形成之初,浪漫主义就已经深刻地烙印在民俗学的学术传统之中。民俗学往往以怀旧的心态看待民俗,将民俗看作是自     

从信仰到信：美国民俗学的民间宗教研究

从记录整理零碎片段的迷信观念,到把握民间信仰的文化整体,再到关注民众日常生活中的活态宗教实践,美国民俗学的民间宗教研究在过去60年中发生了根本性变化。作为民俗研究的一个重要领域,这和民俗学学科研究范式从文本到表演,到实践的整体转型密切相关,和代表性的表演理论既本质关联又有所差异。通过分析不同时期代表性学者对民间宗教信仰的界定与研究,可以勾勒出该领域基本理论视角和方法论变迁的学术史轨迹。     

Sussex Folklore

SING A SONG OF ENGLAND : A SOCIAL HISTORY OF TRADITIONAL SONG. By REGINALD NETTEL. Phoenix House, 1954. Pp. 286, 5 pi. 8 vo. Reviewed by A. G.

FOLKSONGS AND FOLKLORE OF SOUTH UIST. By MARGARET FAY SHAW. London, Routledge and Kegan Paul. 1955. Pp. xiv, 290 + 24 plates + map. 50s. Reviewed by W. B.

PSYCHOANALYSIS AND THE SOCIAL SCIENCES, VOL. 4. New York, International Universities Press, Inc. 1955. Pp. 295. $6.00. Reviewed by W. B.

FESTSCHRIFT FÜR WILL-ERICH PEUCHERT ZUM 60. GEBURTSTAG. HERAUSGEGEBEN VON HELMUT DÖLKER. Berlin, E. Schmidt, 1955. Pp. ix, 164 + portrait. DM. 19.80. Reviewed by W. B.

NEW MEXICO VILLAGE ARTS. By ROLAND F. DICKEY. Drawings by LLOYD LÓZES GOFF. University of New Mexico Press, Albuquerque. 1949. Pp. xii + 266. $5.00. Reviewed by Beatrice Blackwood.

THE LAND DAVAKS OF SARAWAK. By W. R. GEDDES, M.A. (N.Z.), Ph.D. (Lond.), London: Her Majesty's Stationery Office, 1954. Colonial Research Studies No. 14, Pp. 113, folding maps and tables, 3 pp. of plates. £1 12s. 6d. net. Reviewed by Beatrice Blackwood.     

Balochi Folklore

GREEK FOLK SONGS. Reviewed by W. R. Halliday.

A HISTORY OF MAGIC AND EXPERIMENTAL SCIENCE DURING THE FIRST THIRTEEN CENTURIES OF OUR ERA. By LYNN THORNDIKE, Ph.D. London: Macmillan &; Co. 1923. 42s. net. 2 vols. Reviewed by R. R. Marett.

THE GOLDEN BOUGH : A STUDY IN MAGIC AND RELIGION. By Sir J. G. FRAZER. Macmillan &; Co. Ltd. 1923. Reviewed by W. Crooke.

THE BELIEF IN IMMORTALITY AND THE WORSHIP OF THE DEAD : THE BELIEF AMONG THE POLYNESIANS : GIFFORD LECTURES. Vol. ii. The same author and publishers. 1923. Reviewed by W. Crooke.

EARLY CIVILISATION. AN INTRODUCTION TO ANTHROPOLOGY. By ALEXANDER A. GOLDENWEISER. George G. Harrap &; Co. 1922. Pp. xiv+428. Illustrated. Price 15s. Reviewed by W. R. Halliday.

MAGICAL JEWELS OF THE RENAISSANCE MIDDLE AGES AND THE RENAISSANCE, PARTICULARLY IN ENGLAND. By JOAN EVANS, B.Litt. Oxford Clarendon Press. 1922. 264 pp. 8vo. Reviewed by M. Gaster.

THE HEROIC AGE IN INDIA. Reviewed by W. Crooke.

THE LHOTA NAGAS. By J. P. MILLS. London : Macmillan &; Co. 1922. Price 25s. Reviewed by W. Crooke.

ANCIENT MAN IN BRITAIN. By D. A. MACKENZIE. With a Foreword by G. ELLIOT SMITH. Blackie. 1922. Reviewed by W. Crooke.

CHILDREN'S STORIES FROM ROUMANIAN LEGENDS AND FAIRY TALES. By M. GASTER. London : Raphael Tuck &; Sons. 1922.     

Folklore Notes

GREEK HERO CULTS AND IDEAS or IMMORTALITY: GIFFORD LECTURES, 1920, by LEWIS RICHARD FARNELL. Oxford: The Clarendon Press. 1921. Reviewed by W. Crooke.

ISLAM IN INDIA, OR THE QāNūN-I-ISLāM : THE CUSTOMS OF THE MUSALMāNS OF INDIA, by JA'FAR SHARīF, translated by G. A. HERKLOTS, M.D.; new edition edited by W. CROOKE. Oxford University Press. 1921. Reviewed by T. C. Hodson.

L'ÉTERNUEMENT ET LE BAILLEMENT DANS LA MAGIE, L'ETHNOGRAPHIE ET LE FOLK-LORE MÉDICAL de P. SAINTYVES. Paris: ÉMILE NOURRY. 1921. Reviewed by E. Sidney Hartland.

Tne NATURAL HISTORY OF THE CHILD, by DR. COURTENAY DUNN. London and Edinburgh: Marston &; Co., Ltd. 1919. 7s. 6d. net. Reviewed by C. Jenkinson.     

Superstition in Estonian Folklore: From Official Category to Vernacular Concept [1]

Superstition (ebausk), which was introduced into Estonia as an official religious category, has become a vernacular concept that is widely used nowadays to discuss and interpret supernatural beliefs and magical practices. The present article examines the history of the concept, its current usage, and dominant attitudes towards superstitions in Estonia.