中世纪意大利天主教教士与他们的家庭

11世纪格里高利改革之后的数百年时间里,天主教会要求所有教士保持独身。但是,在整个欧洲范围内,教士继续公开与家庭伴侣生活在一起、养育子女、操持家业。特别是在农村堂区中,教士普遍有固定的女性伴侣,不过,从法律上他们是被禁止结婚的。尽管此种行为违反了教会法,但是,主教们普遍容忍了这种现象,而且堂区居民似乎更喜欢有家业的教士,而非独身教士。本文追溯了教士独身制度的形成过程,并根据来自科托纳的托斯卡纳主教区丰富的档案资料展示出中世纪堂区教士的生活、他们与家庭及邻里的关系,以及受到承认和鼓励的、但与教会法律的传统规范有所冲突的文化模式。     

河东狮吼浅说

宋代人陈慥，很有名望，但是很怕老婆。他的老婆姓柳，非常厉害。苏轼嘲笑陈慥，写了一首诗：龙邱居士亦可怜，谈空说有夜不眠。忽闻河东狮子吼，拄杖落手心茫然。     

再论欧阳修的正统论

宋代欧阳修的正统论在中国史学思想史上占有重要地位。欧阳修在不同文章中 ,对正统标准的阐释也不一致。有时批判前人于对峙分裂历史时期强立一国为正统的做法 ,从而将曹魏与五代各国排除于正统秩序之外 ,有时又承认二者的正统地位。欧阳修的论述实际上构成了正统二重标准 ,即史学 (史书纪实 )的标准与政治 (德义 )的标准。其矛盾既暴露出史家正统理论与修史实践之间的悖离 ,又体现了“封建史学的二重性”。     

Nationalisms and the Orthodox worlds

This review article explores the role nationalism has played in the world dominated by the Eastern Orthodox Churches. The focus is on the recent contributions of Paschalis Kitromilides who has written extensively on this topic. The article assesses the four books dealing with the relationship between religion, politics, Enlightenment and nationalism in the Balkans and Eastern Europe. The analysis emphasises the complex and contradictory relationship between nationalisms and the Orthodox Churches pointing to the profound transformation that has taken the place in this relationship over the last 250 years.     

历史上俄罗斯农民的东正教信仰初论

历史上俄罗斯农民的东正教信仰,大量渗透农民自己传统信仰的成分。俄罗斯农民按自己方式改造了拜占庭东正教,从而形成了被称为“第三罗马”的俄罗斯东正教。俄罗斯农民作为一个生活闭塞、缺乏文化的下层群体,在抵制东正教的传播和改造外来的东正教文化的过程中,显示了农民群体在文化上保守落后的特性,是国家现代化中的一种阻碍性力量。从历史上农民宗教信仰为切入点,去探索农民阶层的历史作用,这是人文科学研究中的一个重大课题,本文只是作一个尝试性的探索而已。     

The Liturgical Commemoration of Orthodox Christians Killed During the Oprichnina

Different monasteries responded in different ways to attempts to commemorate the victims of Ivan IV's terror, preserving local diversity and casting into question modern views that Russian society became silent in response to the terror of the 1560s-70s.     

Between Virgins and Priests: The Feminisation of Catholicism and Priestly Masculinity in Nineteenth-Century Spain

The feminisation of religion in the nineteenth-century has been broadly discussed by historians and sociologists. Considering the main contributions of that debate from a critical perspective, this article defends the hypothesis that the Catholic Church identified itself with the same characteristics with which it defined femininity in the nineteenth-century through the symbolic link with the Virgin Mary. Although this discursive feminisation of Catholicism left laymen in a difficult situation, it did contribute to reinforcing the patriarchal and hierarchical structure of the Church. The great challenge to bishops and priests, the leading subjects in the project of re-Christianising society, was to demonstrate their condition as men within a feminised organisation. This article will mainly focus on Spain, although with the international perspective that any study about Catholicism requires.     

杨奂、郑思肖的正统观辨析

元代正统论是有特点的 ,北方的杨奂是代表 ;南方代表是郑思肖 ,他在纲常的基础上 ,又加进了辨华夷的思想。从正统论发展历程来看 ,郑思肖正统论是十分重要的一个转折点 ,开明代纲常、华夷正统论的先河。《大义叙略》是郑思肖正统论的实践尝试。     

试论东正教的罗斯化

东正教的罗斯化是东正教与基辅罗斯的民族因素相融合的过程。它包括两方面内容 :一方面是罗斯教会的自主化 ;另一方面是宗教理论的本土化和教会礼仪的本土化。东正教的罗斯化增强了罗斯的民族凝聚力 ,促进了罗斯民族文化的发展 ,提高了罗斯国家和教会的国际地位     

饶宗颐对史学正统论研究的学术贡献——《中国史学上之正统论》发微

本文对饶宗颐有关史学正统论研究的意义、方法、依据、学术创新以及个人在正统观上的理念作了全面的探讨,对饶氏提出五德终始说“实当起于子思”而非邹衍等全新见解作了揭示,并钩稽了掩藏于考证形式之下饶氏对于正统观的态度和理念,发现他赞同方孝孺一派“重正不重统”,以道德、正义为标准的正统观念,其目的在于籍此构建一种永恒的道德——正义的历史评判机制。另一方面,本文也指出饶氏在对待正统观的态度上过于强调华夷之辨,有时也不免模糊了其自身确定的价值取向。