《左传》和《国语》之筮例与战国楚简数字卦画的比较

《左传》和《国语》两书22次引用《周易》,其中6次是言谈中引用,另外16次是占筮时引用,这部分引用都记载了施筮的前因后果。包山楚简、葛陵楚简和天星观楚简都有数字卦画,就已公布的材料来看,也都记载了卜筮的事因和结果。江陵望山1号楚墓的楚简虽无卦画,但其格式和内容都与前三种楚简     

颛顼“绝地天通”与凌家滩“龟卜”

颛顼"绝地天通"历来被视为原始宗教的重大改革,从文献学、民族学角度来解读具有丰富的内涵。根据考古材料论定龙山文化时期骨卜的普化暗合"绝地天通"所反映的巫觋功能的专门化。这就科学确定了"绝地天通"的年代学意义。而含山凌家滩玉龟和玉版"龟卜"的种种迹象,说明在接近颛顼时代之前",原始八卦"也已经基本定型。     

宾组卜甲新缀四例

本文收录新缀宾组卜甲四例,作者从字体分类、腹甲形态等方面简要说明缀合理由并解释卜辞。其中,第一则缀合提供了一条重要的气象材料,丰富了我们对商代气象状况的认识。此外,该版缀合拼合还出一个新见字"雓"。第二则缀合为研究中甲部位的卜辞行款提供了新材料。第三则缀合为研究龟腹甲卜辞"正反相乘"文例提供了新的例证。     

Finding a Place for Possession,Divination, and Trance within the Historical Perspective

In this review article four publications from 2008–2010 are examined to assess the interplay between studies of possession, divination, and trance and historical method. The article avoids discussing the research in these works done from a purely anthropological or ethnographic stance, but focuses on the thematics of historiography. It does so by analysing the framing devices used in the predominantly historical research in the edition edited by Amar Annus and the monograph of Sarah Iles Johnston. Drawing these issues forward to the second set of texts, this article continues by looking at ways in which the seemingly a‐historical phenomena of divination, trance, and possession, can be accounted for historically. The article agrees with many of the commentators in these editions that the prevailing anxiety over the integration of history and divination and other “irregular” phenomena is generated by a narrow and sometimes ineffective scholarly mentality. This article concludes that alternative ways of making history must be considered if religious history seeks to claim an unbiased and less anxious approach to the study of phenomena that have hitherto eluded its processes.     

Pietro Pomponazzi and the Rôle of Nature in Oracular Divination

Since the early decades of the sixteenth century, Pomponazzi has been a name to conjure with: to some, the first of the modern atheists; to others, a hero of the new philosophy. But how much direct influence did his work have? This question is explored in terms of the way in which oracular divination is treated. In the sixteenth century, the range of conceptual categories available to explain such phenomena was threefold: natural, supernatural or simply unreal. In some cases, such as those of demonic possession, the person was able to be examined directly. But the same conceptual triad was also applied to another kind of case, one whose subject could not be examined, since she had long been consigned to history – the Pythia or priestess of the ancient Delphic oracle, who had famously foamed and babbled during her prophetic frenzy. For some writers on divination, this subject was of particular interest, since it had been explicitly discussed by ancient sources: whether the Pythia's ravings were real or invented, natural or supernatural, could be analysed with categories borrowed from Cicero, Plutarch and, above all, Aristotle. Within the sixteenth‐century territory disputes over Aristotle's corpus, the pagan oracles, represented above all by the Pythia, offered a test case for the broader problem of the place of divination within the natural world. The central antagonist in this tussle was Pietro Pomponazzi, whose treatment of the ancient oracles, although brief, played an important part in his radical interpretation of Aristotle. For many of his contemporary readers, it was this subject, with its specific historical dimension, that highlighted the faults in his positions on nature and divination.     

浙江跨湖桥遗址所出刻划符号试析

浙江萧山跨湖桥遗址是中国东南沿海地区独树一帜的考古学文化,跨湖桥遗址出土的符号是我们目前所见到的最早的可能与数字卦有关的符号类型,这对我们更进一步认识我国传统文化的起源与发展,具有重要意义。     

老虎山文化的扩张与对外影响

大约以公元前2200年为界, 老虎山文化可分为前、后两大期.前期稳定发展,对外影响有限;后期向南强烈扩张,其陶双鋬鬲、卜骨和细石器镞更流播至黄河中下游广大地区.老虎山文化后期对外扩张的加强和这一时期气候日渐干冷有关.     

中华文明的绚丽曙光--论舞阳贾湖发现的卦象文字

文章通过对舞阳贾湖遗址发现的21个刻划符号的研究,认为其构形与商周甲骨金文相似。目前已认识的11个字,分别属于反映《离》、《坤》两卦之象的卦象文字,这说明中国使用至今的汉字,早在八千多年前就产生。     

李淳风“军气占”考论

军气占属于中国古代天象占中的气占,起源甚早。唐朝李淳风的《乙巳占》是古代军气占集大成之作,《旧唐书》本传天之所命,必无禳避之理的观点与《乙巳占》的主体思想存在矛盾,但在这种矛盾背后潜伏着用天象干预人事、制约皇权的人文关怀。中国古代天文学除包含自然科学内容外,其中还蕴涵着丰富的人文诉求,这恰恰正是中国古代天文学史的一大特点。     

重庆、鄂西地区商周时期甲骨的类型学研究

本文对重庆、鄂西地区出土商周时期甲骨钻凿形态做了类型学分析,并与其周边地区甲骨做了比较研究,探讨了该地区在占卜上的地方特色,从而区别出了中原地区与长江流域两种不同的占卜传统.     

试论子弹库楚帛书群中月名与楚历的相关问题

本文对“楚帛书”(包含第二帛书和残帛书)上有关月名与历法问题的文字和图像进行了基础性研究,认为子弹库楚帛书群中可以看到边文月、十三行月和楚月名三种月名,并尝试就其对应关系与历法作了再验证。我们还以五行说为指标,通过对“日书”以及“卜筮祭祷简”进行比较,指出楚帛书群的年代可能接近九店楚简“日书”。同时就子弹库楚帛书群的史料性质以及定位及今后的课题研究简单地作了展望。     

Front and Back Covers,Volume 37, Number 6. December 2021

Front and back cover caption, volume 37 issue 6 COVID-19 DIVINATION Front cover: Domestic fire makes human life possible in the Siberian Arctic. The fire also communicates warnings and predictions to those who can listen and understand it, like this Nenets woman. Back cover: The UK National Health Service (NHS) designed its Covid-19 (‘track and trace’) app to avoid ambiguities like those of Siberian fire interpretation, but in doing so, it creates a climate of detachment and cynicism. This app serves as a critical public health technology by warning users that they have been near someone who has subsequently turned out to be infected. So why has it encountered so much resistance and non-cooperation? In this issue, Roza Laptander and Piers Vitebsky look for an answer by comparing these on-screen phone alerts with messages from the domestic fire of nomadic Siberian reindeer herders as it crackles alerts about potential illnesses or accidents. Though these prediction technologies may seem radically different, they are both instruments for thinking about possible futures and adjusting behaviour. They are both forms of divination that differ not so much in their logic as in their embeddedness in wider cosmologies of person, fate and society. The Siberian fire generates meaning as a focal point within many narrative strands concerning family, landscape and the movement of animals; its properties contribute to local ideas of normality, and acceptance of its messages is rooted in intimacy and entanglement. This highlights how the Covid-19 app belongs to a state of emergency and exception. Its statistical idiom of risk and its culturally hyper-valued focus on privacy deliberately conceal the identities of people caught in the chain of infection, thereby blocking social and narrative coherence.     

试论祭祀卜辞中的数字观

本主要考察甲骨祭祀卜辞中的祭牲数量,通过对这些数字的统计,根据某些数字出现的频率的不同,试图探讨商人的思维观念。     

Colouring materials of pre-Columbian codices: non-invasive in situ spectroscopic analysis of the Codex Cospi

Ancient Mesoamerican codices represent the religious and historical legacy of the pre-Columbian people, they were produced to record the historical and religious matters. Codex Cospi, a divinatory book, is one of the fifteen extant pre-Hispanic Mesoamerican books which survived the destruction of the Spanish conquest. Thanks to the use of a set of portable non-invasive analytical techniques it was possible to study the Codex Cospi revealing valuable information on its constituting materials (dyes, pigments and substrates). The analytical results were compared with historical references contained in early colonial Mexican documents showing interesting parallels and providing hints for probable identification of colouring materials.     

楚人卜筮概述

本以楚地出土的实物(卜骨、卜甲)与字(楚简)材料为基础,结合相关历史献与已有研究成果,对楚人的卜筮规则与相关程式进行了综合探讨。认为楚人的卜筮基本上与商周卜筮保持了较大的一致性,其损益变通处,则与周代更为接近。在卜筮规则与程式上,仍然因袭商周传统,并无多少创新。楚人的出土资料,更多的是在为周人典籍作印证与补充。     

《推定儿女法》与中古辨胎术

《推定儿女法》为俄藏黑水城出土金代占卜类写本文献,其文本来源于《孙子算经》,特殊性在于通过算术方法并结合阴阳五行思想卜算胎儿性别。以《推定儿女法》为代表的祈男辨胎思想和孕育信仰曾长期流行于中国古代社会,是研究古代社会民生与民间信仰的珍贵资料。在历史发展过程中,《推定儿女法》逐渐渗透到医学与命理学文本书写中,反映了阴阳五行思想主导下,中国古代数术、巫术与医学思想的相互影响与交流融合。     

欧阳修论考史

欧阳修在长期从事文献史料的收集、整理和研究工作中,始终能够坚持创新与求实并重原则,在考史方面得出了一些新的观点和认识,即:考史应"不没其实",力求史实真相;"慎于传疑",不轻易下结论;"勇断不惑",敢于创发己见;"不苟立异",反对刻意标新;"切于人事",排斥天命神学,这些至今仍具有方法论的意义。     

殷墟甲骨文疑难辞例考释六则

如今我们已经能够正确解释甲骨文中的大多数辞例。对于一些迄今理解尚有分歧的疑难辞例,应尽可能地通过同版或同文关系,甚至其他卜同事的关系,来思考这些疑难辞例的辞意。若卜辞辞意难以推知,可以暂从语法学等角度对卜辞中的某些疑难字作词性上的定位。     

KOSELLECK,ARENDT, AND THE ANTHROPOLOGY OF HISTORICAL EXPERIENCE

This essay is the first attempt to compare Reinhart Koselleck's Historik with Hannah Arendt's political anthropology and her critique of the modern concept of history. Koselleck is well‐known for his work on conceptual history as well as for his theory of historical time(s). It is my contention that these different projects are bound together by Koselleck's Historik, that is, his theory of possible histories. This can be shown through an examination of his writings from Critique and Crisis to his final essays on historical anthropology, most of which have not yet been translated into English. Conversely, Arendt's political theory has in recent years been the subject of numerous interpretations that do not take into account her views about history. By comparing the anthropological categories found in Koselleck's Historik with Arendt's political anthropology, I identify similar intellectual lineages in them (Heidegger, Löwith, Schmitt) as well as shared political sentiments, in particular the anti‐totalitarian impulse of the postwar era. More importantly, Koselleck's theory of the preconditions of possible histories and Arendt's theory of the preconditions of the political, I argue, transcend these lineages and sentiments by providing essential categories for the analysis of historical experience.     

History, the Referent, and Narrative: Reflections on Postmodernism Now

This essay surveys the present position of postmodernism with respect to the effect of its ideas upon historiography. For this purpose it looks at a number of writings by historians that have been a response to postmodernism including the recently published collection of articles, The Postmodern History Reader . The essay argues that, in contrast to scholars in the field of literary studies, the American historical profession has been much more resistant to postmodernist doctrines and that the latters' influence upon the thinking and practice of historians is not only fading but increasingly destined to fade. The essay also presents a critical discussion of the current philosophy of postmodernism in its bearing upon historiography, directed chiefly against its claim that the world has undergone an epochal transition from the modern to a postmodern age; its theory of language and linguistic idealism; its opposition to historical realism and denial of the actuality of the past as a possible object of reference; and its theory of historical narrative as unconstrained fictional construction. This discussion includes a consideration of the work of postmodernist thinkers such as J.-F. Lyotard, of the recent books by David Roberts and Robert F. Berkhofer, Jr. which espouse a postmodernist theory of history, and of the narrativist theory of Hayden White. The essay also notes some of the reasons for postmodernism's appeal; and while it does not deny that postmodernist philosophy may have served a useful purpose in provoking historians to be more self-critical and aware of their presuppositions and procedures, it maintains that its skeptical and politicized view of historical inquiry is deeply mistaken, out of accord with the way historians themselves think about their work, and incapable of providing an understanding of historiography as a form of thought engaged in the attainment of knowledge and understanding of the human past.