民俗与身体——美国民俗学的身体研究

20世纪80年代以来,作为对灵肉二元论的反叛,身体成为西方人文社会各学科持久的热点之一。1989年美国民俗学年会上,民俗学家凯瑟琳·扬依照民俗(folklore)的构词法,创造性地提出"身体民俗"(bodylore)一词,着力于探讨有关身体的民俗或知识,特别是身体如何参与构建社会意义。本文主要追溯美国民俗学身体转向的社会与学术思潮背景,勾勒其基本理论视角与研究路径,并指出身体性、身体知识是民俗知识的根本属性之一。     

The Union of Two Worlds: Reconstructing Elements of Proto-Athabaskan Folklore and Religion

This study reconstructs elements of proto-Athabaskan folklore and religion, challenging received wisdom about the character of Southern Athabaskan culture. Detailed parallelism between Athabaskan and Old World folklore traditions, especially Inner Asian ones, means we must now consider that Southern Athabaskan cultures may retain significant elements of proto-Athabaskan belief systems originating in Asia.     

从“民俗”到“语境中的民俗”——中国民俗学研究的范式转换

20世纪90年代中后期以来,中国民俗学学者开始从单纯的民俗事象研究,转向在语境中研究民俗,强调田野调查,强调在田野中观察民俗生活、民俗表演的情境、民俗表演的人际互动、民俗表演与社会生活、社会关系、文化传统之间的复杂关联等等,呈现出民族志式的整体研究取向,时空、人、社会、表演、变迁、日常生活等系列关键词,表明在语境中研究民俗的学者具有共同的问题、方法以及学术取向,初步具备学术范式的意义。     

Folklore from the Hebrides

THE WORSHIP OF NATURE. By Sir J. G. FRAZER. Vol. I. Macmillan &; Co., 1926. 8?″ x 5?″. Pp. xxvi + 672. 25s. Reviewed by H. J. Rose.

STERNGLAUBE UND STERNDEUTUNG. Die geschichte und das wesen der Astrologie. Von CARL BEZOLD und FRANZ BOLL. Dritte auflage von W. Gundel. Leipzig: B. G. Teubner, 1926. Pp. xii+ 211. 8vo. Pl. 20 + 48 text ill. Map. 13s. 6d. Reviewed by M. Gaster.

THE CHARACTER OF KING ARTHUR IN ENGLISH LITERATURE. Door Dr. E. VAN DER VEN-TEN BENSEL. Amsterdam: H. J. Paris, 1925. 9½″ x 6?″. Pp. iv + 215. Reviewed by M. Gaster.

THE DOCUMENTARY SOURCES OF GREEK HISTORY. By M. CARY. Oxford: Blackwell, 1927. Pp. xi + 140. 7¼″ x 4?″. 6s. Reviewed by H. J. Rose.

DIE TEUTSCHEN VOLKSBÜCHER. By JOSEPH GÖRRES. Berlin: Herbert Stubenrauch, 1925. Sm. 80. Pp. xvi.+352 6s. Reviewed by M. Gaster.

NORWEGIAN FAIRY TALES FROM THE COLLECTION OF ASBJÖRNSEN AND MOE. Trans. by HELEN and JOHN GADE. (Scandinavian Classics, vol. xxiv.). Oxford: University Press, 1924. 7¼″x4?″. Ill. Pp. xiv.+250. Ils. Reviewed by M. Gaster.

RELIGION AND FOLKLORE OF NORTHERN INDIA. By WILLIAM CROOKE. Prepared for the press by R. E. ENTHOVEN. Oxford: Univ. Press, 1926. 8?″x5?″. Pp. 471. 21s. Reviewed by H. A. Rose.

JAMAICA PROVERBS. Collected by M. W. BECKWITH. Publications of the Folk-Lore Foundation, Vassar College, N.Y., No. 6, 1925. 9″x6″. Pp. 137. Reviewed by W. Bonser.

Some Foreign Periodicals. Reviewed by W. R. Halliday.     

Folklore of the Azores

The study of folklore, founded and developed by British scholars, has struggled to establish itself in the higher education sector in England. An exploration of the reasons behind this anomaly suggests that, far from being a lost cause, there are new opportunities to secure a permanent place for the discipline in the academy and in the public sphere.     

Sussex Folklore

SING A SONG OF ENGLAND : A SOCIAL HISTORY OF TRADITIONAL SONG. By REGINALD NETTEL. Phoenix House, 1954. Pp. 286, 5 pi. 8 vo. Reviewed by A. G.

FOLKSONGS AND FOLKLORE OF SOUTH UIST. By MARGARET FAY SHAW. London, Routledge and Kegan Paul. 1955. Pp. xiv, 290 + 24 plates + map. 50s. Reviewed by W. B.

PSYCHOANALYSIS AND THE SOCIAL SCIENCES, VOL. 4. New York, International Universities Press, Inc. 1955. Pp. 295. $6.00. Reviewed by W. B.

FESTSCHRIFT FÜR WILL-ERICH PEUCHERT ZUM 60. GEBURTSTAG. HERAUSGEGEBEN VON HELMUT DÖLKER. Berlin, E. Schmidt, 1955. Pp. ix, 164 + portrait. DM. 19.80. Reviewed by W. B.

NEW MEXICO VILLAGE ARTS. By ROLAND F. DICKEY. Drawings by LLOYD LÓZES GOFF. University of New Mexico Press, Albuquerque. 1949. Pp. xii + 266. $5.00. Reviewed by Beatrice Blackwood.

THE LAND DAVAKS OF SARAWAK. By W. R. GEDDES, M.A. (N.Z.), Ph.D. (Lond.), London: Her Majesty's Stationery Office, 1954. Colonial Research Studies No. 14, Pp. 113, folding maps and tables, 3 pp. of plates. £1 12s. 6d. net. Reviewed by Beatrice Blackwood.     

Folklore Notes

GREEK HERO CULTS AND IDEAS or IMMORTALITY: GIFFORD LECTURES, 1920, by LEWIS RICHARD FARNELL. Oxford: The Clarendon Press. 1921. Reviewed by W. Crooke.

ISLAM IN INDIA, OR THE QāNūN-I-ISLāM : THE CUSTOMS OF THE MUSALMāNS OF INDIA, by JA'FAR SHARīF, translated by G. A. HERKLOTS, M.D.; new edition edited by W. CROOKE. Oxford University Press. 1921. Reviewed by T. C. Hodson.

L'ÉTERNUEMENT ET LE BAILLEMENT DANS LA MAGIE, L'ETHNOGRAPHIE ET LE FOLK-LORE MÉDICAL de P. SAINTYVES. Paris: ÉMILE NOURRY. 1921. Reviewed by E. Sidney Hartland.

Tne NATURAL HISTORY OF THE CHILD, by DR. COURTENAY DUNN. London and Edinburgh: Marston &; Co., Ltd. 1919. 7s. 6d. net. Reviewed by C. Jenkinson.     

Balochi Folklore

GREEK FOLK SONGS. Reviewed by W. R. Halliday.

A HISTORY OF MAGIC AND EXPERIMENTAL SCIENCE DURING THE FIRST THIRTEEN CENTURIES OF OUR ERA. By LYNN THORNDIKE, Ph.D. London: Macmillan &; Co. 1923. 42s. net. 2 vols. Reviewed by R. R. Marett.

THE GOLDEN BOUGH : A STUDY IN MAGIC AND RELIGION. By Sir J. G. FRAZER. Macmillan &; Co. Ltd. 1923. Reviewed by W. Crooke.

THE BELIEF IN IMMORTALITY AND THE WORSHIP OF THE DEAD : THE BELIEF AMONG THE POLYNESIANS : GIFFORD LECTURES. Vol. ii. The same author and publishers. 1923. Reviewed by W. Crooke.

EARLY CIVILISATION. AN INTRODUCTION TO ANTHROPOLOGY. By ALEXANDER A. GOLDENWEISER. George G. Harrap &; Co. 1922. Pp. xiv+428. Illustrated. Price 15s. Reviewed by W. R. Halliday.

MAGICAL JEWELS OF THE RENAISSANCE MIDDLE AGES AND THE RENAISSANCE, PARTICULARLY IN ENGLAND. By JOAN EVANS, B.Litt. Oxford Clarendon Press. 1922. 264 pp. 8vo. Reviewed by M. Gaster.

THE HEROIC AGE IN INDIA. Reviewed by W. Crooke.

THE LHOTA NAGAS. By J. P. MILLS. London : Macmillan &; Co. 1922. Price 25s. Reviewed by W. Crooke.

ANCIENT MAN IN BRITAIN. By D. A. MACKENZIE. With a Foreword by G. ELLIOT SMITH. Blackie. 1922. Reviewed by W. Crooke.

CHILDREN'S STORIES FROM ROUMANIAN LEGENDS AND FAIRY TALES. By M. GASTER. London : Raphael Tuck &; Sons. 1922.