查德威克与19世纪中期英国的丧葬改革

19世纪中期,随着英国人口的大幅膨胀与城市化进程的加速,传统的丧葬服务出现了诸多弊端,英国卫生改革家查德威克对此进行了系统考察。他认为英国的丧葬服务体系应该进行全面变革,才能彻底消除这些弊端。他的改革计划由于受到既得利益者的强烈反对,并未达到预期目标,但改革所体现的基本思想则代表着现代丧葬产业的发展方向,为美国等现代西方国家丧葬服务体系的形成奠定了基础。     

New Approaches to Innovation Policy: Some Norwegian Examples

The paper describes and assesses three Norwegian innovation policy tools. The tools cover three different models of strengthening firms' innovation capability, i.e. direct financial support, broker and advisory systems and technology or knowledge centres. The tools include some new elements in innovation policy design, and thus, some elements of good practice. Guidelines for good practice includes an interactive perspective on innovation support, a focus on innovation systems, context sensitivity and a regional focus, learning in the support system and receiver-oriented and proactive working methods.     

Notes on Some Examples of Church Architecture in Cornwall

A survey of the George Inn, with some references to the medieval cloth and wool trade, and an interpretation of the architectural evidence to show the various stages of building, the existing structure being of the late fourteenth century overlaid with many subsequent alterations. The upper floors were given their present jettied front c. 1500 when the building was extensively remodelled. The George was used both as an Inn and for storing and selling cloth at two important annual fairs held by the owners of the manor, the Carthusian Priory of Hinton Charterhouse. The George Inn stands on the south side of the former market place (called the Plain) in the centre of Norton St Philip, a small stone-built market town a few miles north-east of the Mendip Hills (ST 775 560). Norton lies on the route from Salisbury to Bristol and owes its former prosperity to the wool and cloth trade. The George itself is by far the largest secular building in the town and stands three storeys high, head and shoulders above its neighbours, at the cross-roads.     

Innovative Activity in SMEs and Rural Economic Development: Some Evidence from England

Recent writings on the factors influencing the competitiveness of regional and local economies have emphasized the importance of innovation in SMEs. This paper discusses the findings of a study of the innovation process in a sample of SMEs located in rural environments. Adopting a broad, evolutionary view of the innovation process, the study highlights important sectoral variations using a multidimensional index of innovation. The way in which innovation is achieved is found to be shaped by various aspects of the rural environment, but relatively few firms are constrained by their rural location. Nor does the lack of local networking opportunities appear to hold back innovation in the more active SMEs. In conclusion, the most innovative firms are shown to make an important contribution to rural economies in terms of external income generation and employment generation.     

史前碎物葬

本文将我国史前时期的碎物葬划分为用碎物陪葬、殓葬及祭奠三大类型 ,并分别用考古发现较为详尽地举例说明。在文后又对一些问题作了初步的探讨 ,如认为碎物葬中碎物的意图应是避邪和为死者享用两者兼而有之 ;碎物葬是怎样产生和发展的 ;碎物葬的时空分布规律等。     

Some Critical and Methodological Aspects of Shoreline Determination: Examples from the Baltic Sea Region

Coastal shorelines worldwide are generally unstable and changing. The study of the precise relation between any archaeological site and the shoreline at the time when the site was used is therefore complicated, but still often not met with appropriate methodological approaches. In this article, we test models based on phosphate analysis and discuss how they can be used to detect ancient shorelines. We propose that a model of increased and oscillating phosphate values at the former water level is considered reliable and useful in areas with advancing shoreline.     

民族志中的割肢葬

割肢葬是史前时代的重要文化现象。从民族志看 ,割肢葬有不同的类型 ,其起因也不相同。这对解释有关考古资料有一定借鉴。     

《写文化——民族志的诗学与政治学》误译举例

高丙中、吴晓黎、李霞等译《写文化——民族志的诗学与政治学》是美国人类学家詹姆斯·克利福德与乔治·E·马库斯编辑的一本论文集,原题为Writing Culture:The Poetics and Politics of Ethnography。这本书在我国人类学界较有影响。但是,译本中也出现了一些错误,个别错误性质严重。对这个汉译本中的错误进行分析和批评,有助于更好地发挥这本名著在我国人类学研究中的作用。     

Political Aspects of Poverty,Income Distribution and their Measurement: Some Examples from Rural Java

… with a rule and a pair of scales, and the multiplication table always in his pocket, Sir, ready to weigh and measure any parcel of human nature, and tell you exactly what it comes to. It is a mere question of figures, a case of simple arithmetic. Mr Gradgrind in Dickens's Hard Times. Research has indicated that in rural areas, the income of the poor has increased faster than that of the rich … in 1967, 9 out of 10 Indonesians lived below the poverty line; in 1970, 8 out of 10, and in 1976 only 3 out of 10. This means the benefits of development are being distributed … How do we react to these figures? One may still suggest various reservations concerning the indicators of increasing equality. For example, it should be made clear to the layman to what extent the poverty line standard based on the World Bank research is sufficiently valid and objective to be used as a measure and a guide for Indonesian society. We also need further clarification of the more rapid income increases among the poor compared to the rich in rural society. For according to other research, they say that the gap between land-owners and labourers is also increasing. Kompas editorial, 18 August, 1977, Jakarta (translated).     

汉语佛源释例

佛教化和汉化本是两种不同质的化,但随着佛典在中古时期的大量汉译,佛教的极度盛行,汉语和汉化受到了佛教化的很大影响,本例举了四个有关的词语：芭蕉;车;泡(浮沤);心猿意马。