English and Scotch Fairy Tales

The subject of this article is a zār song about a female character, Umm al-Ghulam (‘mother of the boy’), recorded in a Lower Egyptian village in 1980. The song is short and ambiguous. There is a zār spirit by that name, but there is also a Cairene saint who carries the same name. Zār songs in Egypt invoke both zār spirits and saints; so who are we dealing with in this song?     

The Scotch Fisher Child

AN EGG AT EASTER, A FOLKLORE STUDY. By VENETIA NEWALL. Routledge and Kegan Paul. £6. Reviewed by K. M. Briggs.

MYTH, LEGEND AND CUSTOM IN THE OLD TESTAMENT. A Comparative Study with Chapters from Sir James G. Frazer's Folklore in the Old Testament. By THEODOR H. GASTER. Harper &; Row, New York, 1969. Pp. 899. $20.00. Reviewed by E. O. James.

OUR LIVING TRADITIONS. An Introduction to American Folklore. Edited by TRISTRAM POTTER COFFIN. Basic Books, Inc. 1968. Pp. 301. $6.50. Reviewed by Theo Brown.

THE BALLAD AS SONG. By BERTRAND HARRIS BRONSON. University of California Press. Berkeley &; Los Angeles, 1969. Pp. 344. $7.95. Reviewed by Maud Karpeles.

THE PLEASANT LAND OF IRELAND. By K. DANAHER. Cork (Mercier Press) 1970. Pp. 88. 55 ills., 1 map. Reviewed by Ellen Ettlinger.

CAMBRIDGESHIRE CUSTOMS AND FOLKLORE. By ENID PORTER. With Fenland Material provided by W. H. Barrett. Routledge &; Kegan Paul, 1969. Pp. 419. Plates 78 and Map. £5.25. Reviewed by Theo Brown.

GREEN HILLS OF MAGIC. WEST VIRGINIA FOLKTALES FROM EUROPE. By RUTH ANN MUSICK. The University Press of Kentucky. $7.50. Reviewed by K. M. Briggs.

THE ARCHAEOLOGY OF EXMOOR. Bideford Bay to Bridgwater. By L. V. GRINSELL. David &; Charles, 1970. With 23 plates, 5 drawings in text, and 8 maps in two colours. Pp. 242. £3. Reviewed by Theo Brown.

SACHGÜTER UND LEBENSFORMEN. Einführung in die materielle Kulturgeschichte des Mittelalters und der Neuzeit. Grundlagen der Germanistik vol. n. By D. W. H. SCHWARZ. Berlin (Erich Schmidt Verlag) 1970. Pp. 244; 7 illustrations.Reviewed by Ellen Ettlinger.

JAHRBUCH FÜR VOLKSLIED-FORSCHUNG. Vol. XV. Edited by R. W. BREDNICH. Berlin (Erich Schmidt Verlag) 1970. Pp. 225, 2 plates, 6 tunes and 4 maps. Reviewed by Ellen Ettlinger.

TRADITIONS AND HEARTHSIDE STORIES OF WEST CORNWALL. By William Bottrell. 2nd Edition published by Frank Graham, 1970. Pp. 275 and Index. £2.50. Reviewed by Theo Brown.

STORIES TOLD BY THE AZTECS BEFORE THE SPANIARDS CAME. By Carleton Beals. Abelard-Schuman. £1.40. Reviewed by K. M. Briggs.

STARS IS GOD'S LANTERNS. An Offering of Ozark Tellin' Stories. By Charles Moreau Wilson. University of Oklahoma Press. $4.95. Reviewed by K. M. Briggs.     

边缘化生存的呈现和疗救——川端康成与大江健三郎的艳情文学创作

川端康成和大江健三郎的创作都体现出对“艳情”这一边缘化言说视角的选择。川端康成以“哀”和“艳”的审关情调把写作视为私人宗教,在虚构和幻想中疗救自我的非常态心理。大江健三郎则以凝重怪异的笔触剥露出社会病态的人格,积极地探究与人类自由健康相关的诸多命题。这种差异和两人的成长经历、性格特点以及哲学观念等的不同有关。     

The Idea of Epilepsy as a Disease Per Se

In the 1850s Delasiauve and Russell Reynolds independently introduced the idea that the previously more inclusive concept of “epilepsy” should be restricted to that of an idiopathic disease manifesting epileptic seizures not caused by detectable brain pathology. This idea was rather widely accepted, though with some modification, over much of the next century. However there was increasing opposition to the idea from those, including John Hughlings Jackson, who perceived that all epileptic seizures must be symptoms of underlying brain disease. With increasing identification of structural brain pathology in what had been regarded as instances of idiopathic epilepsy, the latter view has increasingly prevailed.     

Epilepsy in the Graeco-Roman World: Hippocratic Medicine and Asklepian Temple Medicine Compared

The rational system of medicine distinct from magical or religious practices originated with Hippocrates. This revolutionary change established diseases with natural causes and treatments. Epilepsy with its prominent physical and psychic features was regarded in ancient times with superstitious awe and given the name “Sacred Disease.” Hippocratic authors distanced themselves from the prevailing supernatural views but were careful not to oppose the traditional medicine especially the cults of Asklepios. This analysis of the practices of Hippocratic and Temple medicine in relation to epilepsy reveals some clear differences and also some overlapping features.     

Epilepsy in the Graeco-Roman world: Hippocratic medicine and Asklepian temple medicine compared

The rational system of medicine distinct from magical or religious practices originated with Hippocrates. This revolutionary change established diseases with natural causes and treatments. Epilepsy with its prominent physical and psychic features was regarded in ancient times with superstitious awe and given the name "Sacred Disease." Hippocratic authors distanced themselves from the prevailing supernatural views but were careful not to oppose the traditional medicine especially the cults of Asklepios. This analysis of the practices of Hippocratic and Temple medicine in relation to epilepsy reveals some clear differences and also some overlapping features.     

Making Distinctions: The Contribution of Hector Landouzy to Differential Diagnosis in Relation to Hysteria and Epilepsy

Hector Landouzy (1818-1864) is known for his Traité Complet de l'Hystérie (1846), which was crowned by the Académie de Médecine, but this work is not given much importance in historical accounts. It deserves more attention because it was more than an orthodox statement about the nature of hysteria. In the context of the diagnostic confusion between epilepsy and hysteria, it introduced a method of presenting criteria to facilitate diagnosis. An examination of French authors on epilepsy and hysteria in the second half of the nineteenth century suggests that this method probably set the example which was to be followed by later clinicians, including Charcot at the Salpêtrière.     

A Methodology for Estimating Returns to Skills for Canadian Provinces and U.S. States

Differences in both regional skill prices and skill mix can explain interregional variations in wage distributions. We control for interregional differences in skill mix that permit us to compute key parameters of regional wage distributions including regional returns to skills. In addition to setting forth the methods in detail, we also present estimates for 48 U.S. states and 10 Canadian provinces. For both males and females, we find that regional mean wages (with controls for skills mix) in the U.S. and Canada are similar, but that the returns to skills are systematically higher in the U.S.