Gender and environmental struggles: voices from Adivasi Garo community in Bangladesh

Based on an ethnographic field investigation conducted on the matrilineal–matrilocal Garo community of Bangladesh, this article provides a historical account of local environmental struggles to draw attention to the interconnections between gender, environment and sustainable resource management. From a feminist political ecology perspective, the article argues that interacting with traditional culture, forest ecology and changing processes of centric resource governance, gender remains a salient variable in environmental issues. Local contexts of gender dynamics help configuring local people's mode of participation in environmental struggles as well as being the consequence of those struggles. Findings suggest that Garo women and men have sustained gender specific roles and interests through their struggles to ensure control over forest lands and tree resources. Furthermore, they have developed a class-based relationship with forest ecology which must be acknowledged in forest policies.     

唐与吐谷浑的三次和亲

公元640年,唐太宗李世民将弘化公主嫁给了吐谷浑王诺曷钵,弘化公主是唐朝实行和亲政策以来,嫁给少数民族首领的第一位公主,也是唐朝惟一回过长安省亲的外嫁公主。此后,唐朝又将宗室女金城县主和金明县主分别嫁与诺曷钵的长子慕容忠和次子闼卢摸末,这种世代联姻的现象在唐朝与少数民族和亲的活动中是十分少见的。和亲加强了唐朝与吐谷浑的联系,促进了双方在政治、经济、文化方面的交流。     

洪秀全家族婚育状况量的分析

《洪氏宗谱》是一部与洪秀全有关的族谱。利用族谱对洪氏家族婚育状况作定量分析和研究,不仅对洪氏家族的婚育状况有一定的认识,也有助于对我国传统社会婚育状况的研究和认识。内容涉及平均世代间隔、婚配率、有子率、有子数量构成比率、人口变动分析和早婚早育等。     

山西雁北地区当代冥婚现象研究

冥婚作为一种民间习俗在中国社会中延续了数千年之久而至今犹存,它在汉文化各地域的普遍实践中呈现出各自的不同特点,因此十分有必要对冥婚开展区域性研究。本文结合文献研究进行了深入的田野考查以及口述访谈,对山西省雁北地区当代冥婚习俗的传统渊流、民间传说、当代仪式和过程等做了细致地描述,并在此基础上探讨了该地区当代冥婚大量盛行的原因和变化趋势及新型特征。     

The Interactional Nature of Emotion Work in Thai Marriages: Anger,Romance and Guilt

Marriage has increasingly been recognised as a site of emotional interaction and satisfaction, in which the interactional, relational nature of emotion is evident, but most accounts of emotions in marriage rely on Western examples. What does the study of Thai marital emotions tell us about the culturally specific nature of marriage and emotional interaction? Using data derived from interviews with middle-class married couples in Bangkok, Thailand, this article focuses on three emotions that have particular significance in Thai marriage: anger, romance and guilt. I demonstrate the ways in which Thai married couples actively engage in emotion works, including by creating, decreasing, increasing and employing emotions, in order to fulfil their spousal roles and sustain a lasting marriage. I argue that emotion works are relational, and are performed in marital interactions within particular socio-cultural rules and contexts. Importantly, along with a Western idea of individualism, Thai traditional values, mainly marital harmony and endurance, influence emotional interaction in marriage.     

社会转型期土族婚姻家庭价值观透视

家庭体现着以两性和血缘为特征的社会关系。作为土族这样一个极其重视家庭功能的社会群体,家庭婚姻价值观既是其民族文明中最具特色、极具稳定传承性的文化元素之一,也是对社会生活变化反映最为敏锐、接受文化影响最为丰富的内容之一。我们知道,土族文化不像汉藏等民族文化以一种文字的形式为纽带而表现其民族文化的鲜明特征,从土族文化系统的形成过程看,是以其明显的复合性和开放性而显现个性。     

Colonial Servicemen and their British ‘War Brides’: First World War Marriages in the British Empire

This article uses the phenomenon and failure of war marriages between British women and ‘colonial’ servicemen, mostly from the settler dominions, to explore the gendered, classed and racialised conditions of migration after the First World War. Positioning this migration of British war brides as part of the continued normalisation of settler occupation, the article demonstrates the patriarchal social expectations to which white women were subject. Fears of ‘khaki fever’ were extended to the protection of naïve ‘colonial’ soldiers from the manipulative sexuality of white, particularly working-class, women and girls. At the same time, ‘respectable’ women were prepared for frontier life and protected from the indignities of bigamy and desertion. The emphasis on their role as ‘daughters of Empire’ meant ‘undesirable’ matches and marital failure, as reported by the press, had consequences for the closeness of the imperial family and the maintenance of white superiority. The mediation of mobility in cases of mixed-race marriage indicate a more explicit, and sometimes violent, policing of the sexual independence of women and Black and indigenous men of colour. In doing so, the article makes an important contribution to understandings of the legacies of global mobilisation and colonial encounters during the First World War.     

明清徽州下层社会的非常态婚姻及其特点

在明清时代的徽州,不同的阶层其婚姻状况也各不相同.下层民众由于数量的庞大和普遍的贫穷,因而广泛存在着劳役婚、入赘婚、买卖婚和契约婚等几种非常态的婚姻形式.本文通过对徽州婚书、入赘文书和明代歙南吴氏族谱的量化统计和分析,得出在这些非正常的婚姻中有着广泛的身份下降和再婚尤其是女性再婚的特点.     

Holy Weddings,Unholy Marriages: Christian Spouses and Domestic Discords in Early Colonial Lesotho, 1870–1900

In the Lesotho Archives in the capital Maseru, lies unreferenced, scattered files containing testimonies of Christianised BaSotho couples embroiled in marital litigations in the last third of the nineteenth century. Reading these testimonies in relation to one another, and engaging in an in‐depth qualitative examinations of the narratives embedded in the texts offers a rare opportunity to explore the texture of conjugal relationships among Christianised spouses in this period. The compelling picture that emerges is one of extreme instability of Christian marriages. We behold here conjugal lives teeming with conflicts and intrigue. Adultery accusations and spousal violence punctuated the conjugal lives of these spouses in unexpected intensity. This study concludes that after over half a century of missionising the BaSotho, evangelical missionaries seemingly had had little impact on the texture of BaSotho conjugal relations. The rampant “adultery” and spousal abuse that seemingly plagued these Christian spouses were expressions of pre‐Christian patterns that were manifestations of gendered conflicts.