新文化地理学视角下景观研究综述与展望

景观意义一方面要对其符号化的表征元素进行解读,另一方面也要关注其不可表征的意义。本研究梳理了国外新文化地理学视角下的景观研究,发现： ①表征视角下,一方面景观既被看作文化的产物,又是不同时期文化的再生;另一方面景观在权力博弈中曲折发展并推动其象征性意义的演变。②非表征视角主要关注日常生活行为、情感等方面所反应的社会变迁以及所感知的多元、复杂与不稳定的景观意义。国内新文化地理学视角的景观研究在西方思潮的影响下,对一些具体案例进行了尝试性研究,取得了一定的成果。本研究有助于中国学者结合转型期中国政治、经济、文化背景,构建具有中国特色的新文化地理学景观理论体系,推动新文化地理学在中国的良性发展。     

中国城乡协调发展研究综述

通过长期关注改革开放以来中国城乡协调发展的历史与现状,本文从城乡协调发展研究起源出发,对中国城乡协调发展的内涵、目标、动力机制、模式、制约因素、措施对策进行综述,探究这些研究的贡献和研究中存在的问题,并对今后的研究趋势进行展望,试图通过这项工作为城乡协调发展研究及城乡协调发展规划打下良好的基础。     

陕北地区城市化驱动力研究

随着陕北地区能源资源的大规模开发与利用,陕北地区城市化战略取得了一定成绩,城市化水平大幅提高。本文基于对于城市化驱动力理论与实例的分析与总结,首先指出了陕北地区城市化发展中的问题,指出城镇化发展速度快,中心城镇辐射带动作用小,城镇密度小,城市基础设施滞后、生态环境退化等问题;其次提出了陕北地区城市化的驱动力主要分为动力机制与约束力机制两个方面。动力机制有经济发展、城乡人口迁移、产业结构调整、产业带动、大型项目建设、基础设施建设等;约束力主要表现在制度约束、生态环境约束及水资源约束等三方面。     

我国历史文化村镇保护的内容与方法研究

历史化村镇是我国遗产保护体系的重要组成部分,随着第一批中国历史化名镇(村)的命名公布。遗产保护工作又进入了一个崭新阶段。我国历史化村镇保护研究较国外起步较晚,相关研究也欠深入全面。导致在当前城镇化快速发展过程中,一些颇具价值特色的古村镇没有得到很好保护。本首先回顾了国内外历史小城镇、村落保护的演变发展,然后指出历史化村镇保护在价值特性方面,不同于历史化名城;在保护内容方面,要在以往偏重于物质化遗产保护的基础上。进一步加重非物质化遗产的保护;在保护方法方面,要综合运用历史学、地理学、建筑学、社会学、景观生态学等方法,才能达到较好的保护效果。     

地理学视角下的集体记忆研究综述

集体记忆植根于人、空间(地方、景观)、时间,是地理学研究人地关系的重要视角与手段。本文从理论渊源、研究内容、方法等对国内外相关文献进行梳理,提出地理学视角下的集体记忆研究框架。研究立足于集体记忆主体、载体和机制三方面,以空间、地方、景观、仪式、旅游等为主要研究对象,关注现象背后的政治性、竞争-协商性以及利益主体,个案研究为主,案例类型较为丰富,方法上定性为主,鲜有定量研究及相关模型构建。相比国外研究热潮与成果,国内研究仍处于萌芽起步与概念引入阶段,未来可拓展集体记忆载体形式的研究,深化集体记忆机制即人地关系层面,加强实证与量化方法应用。     

结构主义视角下中国城市单位制的形成逻辑

单位制是在计划经济时期特殊的历史条件下,为实现国家现代化而逐渐形成的。改革开放以来,中国城市社会在单位制度的历史惯性和城市化、市场化及全球化等力量的共同作用下开始了制度—空间—社会的多重转型。因而,单位制构成了解读中国转型的重要视角。本文从结构主义的视角出发,建立从知识通过资源到制度—空间—实践的新框架,对单位制的形成逻辑提出一种新的解释。认为单位制的形成是在共产主义、国家主义、全能主义和国内外基本条件基本判断等知识对权威性和配置性资源控制所形成权力的支配作用下形成的,在社会现象层面表现为制度、空间和实践三个基本维度。知识对资源的支配构成了决定单位形成的深层结构,而相互融合的制度、空间和实践则构成了相对应的表层结构。     

中国古村镇保护利用中的悖论现象及其原因

中国的古村镇保护利用工作经过了30多年的发展取得了积极的进步,但是也出现了因保护而破坏的严重问题。本文尝试从对古村镇定义的修订切入,将古村镇作为一种文化综合体和文化生态系统进行分析,强调古村镇是由器物、行为、制度、精神四个层面构成的文化综合体,是具有自组织性的文化生态系统,对系统中任意环节的破坏都会造成保护利用的悖论现象。在此基础上,本文总结出保护环境与破坏环境、重现建筑特色与消解建筑特色等四重"中国式悖论",并进一步从社会文化环境、理念认知、管理机制以及开发模式等层面分析了中国式悖论产生的原因。     

物流地理学研究内容与趋势评述

在对物流地理学产生的基础学科交通地理学、物流管理学研究综述基础上,分析交通地理学、物流管理学与物流地理学在研究目的、领域与方法等方面的联系与差异,阐明物流地理学研究对象、内容与方法,进而提出我国物流地理学的发展方向:现代物流区域效应研究、基于现代物流的经济组织空间结构再造及内在机理研究、产业与大型企业物流网络空间优化模型研究、区域物流体系规划研究。     

Contesting Conquests: Nineteenth-Century German and Polish Historiography of the Expansion of the Holy Roman Empire and the Polish-Lithuanian Union

The problem of conquests and territorial expansion, including their interpretation, evaluation, and legitimisation, has been crucial for European national historiographies. Consequently, attempts by the Holy Roman emperors, particularly of the Saxon and Hohenstaufen dynasties, to control Italy and Burgundy were hotly debated among nineteenth-century German historians, while Poland's union with Lithuania, and the annexation of the vast territories of the east which followed, was a central topic for Polish historians of the time. Modern historians of historiography in both countries have carefully analysed these narratives, emphasising their ideological and political contexts, such as their involvement in the Grossdeutsch versus Kleindeutsch controversy and the controversy between the so-called Cracow and Warsaw historical schools. In this paper I propose a comparative analysis of these two discourses which dealt with analogical issues and, as I demonstrate, developed with a parallel dynamic. Such an analysis, I argue, allows an escape from the paradigm of national exceptionalism, and the discovery of what was typical or, perhaps, constitutive of the discourse on territorial expansion of the time, instead of focusing on the uniqueness of the national context. This analysis embraces the conceptualisation, argumentation, and rhetoric of those nineteenth-century German and Polish historians discussing the expansion of the medieval Holy Empire and early-modern Poland. Moreover, it locates their interpretations within an international context of a broader Western historiographical tradition, involving issues of domination, cultural transfer, and colonialism. Finally, it examines the parallel mechanism of searching for, advocating, and perpetuating the idea of uniqueness of national history.     

Intimate Consumption and New Sexual Subjects Among the Sambia of Papua New Guinea

This article examines the transformation of sexual meanings, attitudes, norms, and practices surrounding depletion and pollution across decades (1974–2010) among the Sambia of Papua New Guinea. In the premodern village, all sexual intercourse, whether with boy‐initiates or women, was ritualized and ultimately controlled by the men's secret society. Intimate consumption refers traditionally to a symbolic complex of beliefs, concepts, emotions, and ritual experiences involving sexuality, bodily health, social relationships, and gendered politics. But it also covers sexual anxieties corresponding to the transfer and loss of bodily fluids via the perceived depletion and pollution of self and body. For adult men, the sense of intimate consumption requires repeated substance replenishment and purification. Intimate consumption made oral and vaginal sex highly rule‐bound, taboo laden, and intensely regulated in terms of the meaning, scope, duration, and intended goals of sexual exchange. Pacification, colonization, out‐migration, Seventh Day Adventist (SDA) Christianity, and primary schooling in the Sambia Valley over a period of decades instigated social transformations that challenged and wore down this system of sexual regulation. Thus, the transition from ritual to non‐ritual practices, i.e., more individualistic sexual relationships, highlight narratives of change in the Sambia sexuality. With the demise of ritual initiation in the 1980s and 1990s, and the appearance of HIV and SikAids in the Sambia Valley, explicit ritual sexual techniques were no longer socialized. Modernity (in the sense of a set of policies, attitudes, and rules introduced through institutions such as the government community school) and SDA church sociality influenced both the pace and form of this sexual transformation. Among the greatest changes was the expansion of female agency and sexual autonomy, and personal decision‐making vis‐à‐vis especially marriage and also romance, courtship, and sex. Notably, oral sex, once universal and mandatory, largely disappeared from Sambia intimate relations. Today, spousal intimacy reveals a different set of more ‘modern’ meanings and behaviors compared to two generations ago, e.g., more mutualistic and companionate. Intimate consumption remains a worry for certain Sambia young men and women today however, influenced in part by the rise of the HIV pandemic, mobility, and the absence of normative narratives of sexuality in villages and town settlements. This creates public spaces wherein new sexual subjects have emerged in the villages and urban settlements within the Sambia Valley and in settlements throughout PNG.     

Archaeological Interpretation of the Continuity of Chinese Civilization over Five Thousand Years

Chinese civilization has unique characteristics in the world civilization history. Its most prominent characteristic is the continuity of the “5,000-year” civilization. Over 5,000 years ago, different civilizations appeared in different regions of China and the civilizations mainly included their different early-stage theocracy and reign modes. Among these civilizations, the civilization that was handed on from generation to generation was the states with a reign mode that originated in the Longshan culture of Central China and its successors such as the Xia Dynasty, the Shang Dynasty, the Zhou Dynasty, the Qin Dynasty, the Han Dynasty, the Yuan Dynasty, the Ming Dynasty, and the Qing Dynasty. This can be illustrated by the 5,000-year continuous inheritance of the country, people, and territory of China, proved by the 5,000-year inheritance and development of capitals, royal tombs, ritual and ceremonial buildings and vessels, and characters as the national culture (or major tradition) and resurrected by the capital’s centralization,“OneGate Three-Passage” pattern,“centralization of the main hall of the court” and the“Left Ancestral Temple and Right Altar” pattern, and the central axis of the capital, the four doors on four sides of the capital and court, etc. as the materialized forms of the core ideas of center and moderation. These materialized forms of the unbroken civilization became more and more in the past 5,000 years, which indicates that the ideas of center and moderation became stronger and stronger and were constantly deepened. The ideological roots of the 5,000-year unbroken Chinese civilization are the ideas of center and moderation, which are the ideological basis for the state identity and the core value of the Chinese national history.     

中国手机移动地图使用对居民出行的影响及其机理分析

手机移动地图作为一种新兴的地图形式近年来迅速发展并对居民出行特征产生了深远的影响。本文通过问卷与访谈相结合的方式进行了相关定性定量分析,研究了当前居民对移动地图的使用情况、不同人群对移动地图的使用差异及移动地图的使用对居民出行特征的直接影响,并且进一步探究了其背后的机理模型。一方面移动地图对出行的直接影响造成了信息化时代下居民出行的新特征。另一方面不同年龄,性别,教育,区域的居民对移动地图的使用存在差异,而这种差异或放大或削弱了个人属性对出行特征的影响,从而间接作用于出行特征,改变了传统出行模式。最终,本文讨论了目前移动地图存在的问题及其在未来对城市交通的影响并提出了相应意见建议。     

资源型地区工业化与城市化的偏差与整合——以山西省为例

中国及各地区普遍存在工业化与城市化偏差现象,资源型地区的偏差尤为严重,主要表现为水平与结构偏差,质量、速度、效率偏差。其成因主要在于工业布局与城市、城镇分布的偏离,单一的嵌入式的资源开发模式与城市化的偏离,生产、社会组织方式与城市化的偏离。这几方面的偏离,通过影响流动、集聚、创新三个基本要素的相互作用,打破了工业化与城市化关系演进中的动力与传导机制,进而形成二者之间的严重偏差。针对资源型经济的特点,文中提出工业化与城市化整合发展的思路与对策。     

‘They'd Rather Go Play Footy’: an Exploratory Study of the Enjoyment and Benefits of the Arts in Western Australia's Remote Murchison Region

The role of the arts in the revitalisation and strengthening of Australia's rural, remote, and Indigenous communities has been of particular interest to Australian State and Federal Governments, as reflected through various policy and positioning documents. In order to understand the relationship between the arts and communities, it is important to explore why people engage in the arts and what might be some of the barriers to that engagement. For the rural, remote and Indigenous communities of the Murchison Region, the arts has been a useful way of reaching and engaging with residents to build a stronger sense of community, provide light relief and entertainment, and facilitate communication among community members, government, and industry. However, there are several barriers that impact on the viability of arts projects. These barriers are amplified in rural and remote areas, and particularly for the three case study communities of the Murchison Region for a number of reasons. These include the transient nature of the population, a lack of resources, isolation and remoteness, and local politics, culture and history. The arts can provide a context in which other non‐arts related outcomes, such as health, capacity building, income generation, and so on, are facilitated and achieved. It is important for policy makers to recognise and address the barriers which hinder activity and serve to lessen the impact of the arts on communities.     

邢台南小汪周代遗址西周遗存的发掘

<正> 南小汪遗址位于邢台市市区西北部。这是一处范围很大的周代遗址,经初步调查,大致在今京广铁路以西,小黄河以北,达活泉以南,因南小汪村位于遗址北部而得名(图一)。 南小汪遗址南与曹演庄、南大郭等殷商遗址相连,西北与南大汪战国墓区相望。五十年代调查试掘的西关外西周遗址,实际上即是南小汪遗址的一部分。近年来,邢台市市政建设发展迅速,南小汪遗址绝大部分已被建筑所压。在施工过程中,时有周代遗物出土,如在郭守敬大街左右两侧的市一中附近、中华路宿舍区、团结路南侧等地,均曾发现大量的周代陶器鬲、盆、豆、罐等,有的地方还发现马坑和小型墓葬等。这些都表明南小汪遗址是一处规模较大、埋藏丰富的周代遗址。     

20世纪80年代以来我国区域旅游合作研究综述

本文对1980年以来我国有关区域旅游合作专题的研究进行了综述。其中,根据研究内容的相对一致性,将该项研究20年来的进展划分为起源、起步、发展、提升发展四个阶段,阐述了各阶段的研究特征;并对该项研究的主要研究内容从基本理论研究、热点问题研究、个案研究三个方面进行了综述。基本理论研究的综述主要涉及到区域、区域旅游、区域旅游合作机制、旅游区划的有关研究。热点问题研究的综述主要涉及"大旅游"的发展理念、旅游联合促销、区域旅游联合发展的空间组织形式的有关研究。个案研究的综述主要涉及上海的大旅游网络、武汉大旅游圈、环太湖旅游带旅游业的联合发展、澜沧江-湄公河次区域旅游合作、珠江三角洲共同旅游市场的建设等案例的有关研究;最后,本文对该项研究的发展趋向进行了展望。     

都市圈发展的新背景、新趋势及其规划响应

随着经济全球化的深入发展,城市之间的竞争日益加剧,城市发展越来越呈现出区域化特征,大都市成为了世界城市和城市化发展的主流。在这样的新背景之下,都市圈发展呈现出一些新的趋势,中心性进一步强化并出现多中心的新形式,空间扩散广域化并日趋连绵成片,区域进一步融合并且跨界发展明显。世界各主要都市圈的规划纷纷对这些新形势做出了响应,即以全球性、整体性的视角来审视都市圈发展所面临的问题,致力于形成多中心的空间结构,促进产业扩散与转移,对交通进行网络化整合,并建立类似都市圈政府的机构对都市圈规划进行管理。这些良好的经验可以作为我国都市圈理论研究和规划实践的有益借鉴。     

The Predynastic of Egypt

The Predynastic of Egypt, spanning an interval from ca. 4000 to 3050 B.C., was an eventful period. After the inception of food production in the Nile Valley at least a millennium before, it was the time when the identity of Egyptian society was forged. Egypt was settled by refugees from the deserts of the eastern Sahara and the southern Levant, fleeing from mid-Holocene droughts, and became a melting pot of indigenous Nilotes and desert herders, part-time cultivators, and hunters. Within a millennium, an increasing dependence on agriculture led to sedentary life and, in some cases, to the development of sizable communities. By 4000 B.C., the settled communities had also developed a distinct division of labor between men and women and ritual and religious beliefs in which women, grain, fertility, and death were salient and interrelated elements. The Predynastic communities were also faced by the most destabilizing factor of agricultural economy, namely, fluctuations of yield. Attempts to dampen the fluctuations through interregional integration led to the emergence of community representatives and eventually chiefs. Legitimation of the status of chiefs through affiliation with the traditional and supernatural power associated with women, fertility, and death and the acquisition of exotic goods stimulated trade and an industry in funerary goods. Enlargement of economic units through alliances, with occasional incidences of fighting, especially after 3600 B.C., led to the rise of a state society governed by supreme rulers. The wedding of the funerary cult of Late Predynastic Egypt with political power and military might was the basis for the most fascinating aspects of Ancient Egypt—religion and kingship.     

中国互联网企业空间演化与城市网络特征研究

高速发展的信息网络技术使得时空压缩,信息流、资金流、人流等要素流正在潜移默化地重塑着城市体系。互联网企业及其与实体行业的相互渗透使得它们成为信息时代各种要素流动的综合体现。本文借鉴Taylor等提出的基于高级生产性服务业的世界城市网络研究方法,以中国百强互联网企业总部及分支机构数据为基础,引入社会网络分析、空间统计分析等方法,从企业演化的角度分析互联网企业空间格局与城市网络特性。从2000、2005、2010和2017年互联网企业空间分布、规模与等级分布、"互联网+"/纯互联网企业分布及它们的演化规律分析互联网企业空间格局。研究发现全国层面的互联网企业空间分布极化,城市网络中心性与扁平化并存,网络整体地域性减弱。     

房地产投资决策支持系统开发设计研究

投资决策是房地产开发的必要前提,但决策分析是一个相当复杂的过程,需对开发项目及其所处市场环境所包含的大量资料数据运用科学方法进行分析、运算和决策。而这些过程的实现必须借助于计算机信息管理和决策支持系统技术。本文在房地产投资决策支持系统实例设计开发的基础上,介绍了该决策支持系统的系统开发目标、系统功能结构和模块划分、系统数据的特点、系统运用的特点,以及系统数据管理设计、系统模型设计和系统输入输出设计等。最后根据房地产投资决策实务及相关计算机软件的发展,提出了该系统未来功能完善和版本升级的方向。