Rosario Romeo ( 1924–1987)

Abstract

Rosario Romeo (1924–87) made an original and outstanding contribution to the study of modern Italian history. He wrote extensively on the development of Italian capitalism and industrialization, developing his own concept of the ‘primitive accumulation of capital’ and drawing on theories of underdevelopment that became current after the Second World War to underline the particularities, the speed and breadth but also the limitations of Italy's economic growth. In his masterly biography of Cavour, as well as in numerous other essays, he confronted the questions of the birth of the Italian nation state, its origins, its political and moral tradition and its social life in the context of a deeply informed and penetrating vision of contemporary European history. The Risorgimento and Fascism, the nation and the nation state, liberal‐democratic values and class struggle, modernization and secularization are the essential themes in his historical writings that were marked by deep erudition and methodological rigour, and inspired by great conceptual and moral breadth. Through his work Italy became a paradigm of the fundamental dimensions of the modern world thanks to that passion for liberty which for Romeo (he was also a member of the European Parliament) was rekindled by the events of the twentieth century, among whose major historians he ranks.     

中国国民党党团述论(1924─1949)

中国国民党改组伊始,即在"非党团体"中设立秘密党团。党团服从所属各级党部领导,功能在于贯彻党的主义,巩固自身,争取同情,打击异己,吸收党员,以此掌控和引导非党机构和群众团体的活动。党团活动在第一次国共合作时期偏重青年学生组织和军队,南京国民政府时期则侧重民众团体和"民意机构"。建立党团的初衷是为推动国民革命,但与中共竞争群众运动领导权很快便成为党团活动的重要目的,后期针对性更强。党团组织在国民党内曾长期存在,并受到高层的高度重视,从一个侧面体现了国民党意识形态的独特性。     

中东铁路问题述略(1895—1924)

中东铁路是19世纪末20世纪初中国境内修建的最长铁路,历经晚清、民国、新中国,其经营管理权也经过数次变更。中东铁路缘起于《中俄密约》,是俄国欲侵占中国东北地区的阴谋,日俄战争之后,日本取得了中东铁路南满支线,即南满铁路。1917年俄国爆发"十月革命",国内国际形势复杂,北洋政府通过努力收回了中东铁路的行政管理权。1924年5月,中苏《解决悬案大纲协定》及《暂行管理中东铁路协定》的签订,使得中东铁路改为中苏共管,但这也为日后的中苏冲突埋下了伏笔。     

济南社会一瞥(1924年)(下)

工业状况现代工厂已经落户济南,正在把新工业环境与数世纪之久的店铺劳动环境结合起来。这里有9家面粉厂,每家雇用60—120名男工;两家火柴厂,雇工约1,500名;一家棉纱厂,雇工3,000人;数家发网检验厂,雇工约3,000人(由于美国短发式的流行,这一数字已有某种程度的缩减);一家糖厂;一家纸厂;一家雇用1,000名男工的铁道修理厂;数家铁、铜器工厂;一家肥皂厂;一家染料厂;一家皮革厂;一家针厂;一家水泥厂;一家酒厂;数家使用半现代方法的棉布厂;一家印刷公司;一家电话公司;一家电灯公司。有几个主要行业,大约可说是中国的新产业。济南雇用20名以上男工的企业,共计40家,这些工厂的工人总数约为10,000人。     

中国国民党党团制度初探(1924-1949)

在中国政党制度史中,党团制度是个新生事物,发轫于20世纪20年代与俄共的政治交往。虽然党团这一组织形式最先被中共运用于领导工人运动的实践,但是关于党团的正式规定却首先出现在中国国民党党章中。中国国民党党团制度是怎样产生的,主要内容是什么,经历了什么样的制度变迁以及制度作用如何,将是这篇文章探讨的主题。     

济南社会一瞥(1924年)(上)

没有人会对任何大城市提出进行一次完满社会调查的主张,由于许多情报资料保密,有些不准确,而且某些重要的社会现象或机构很可能为我们所忽视,那么,可能做出的最好调查也是不完善的。然而。对我们周围的社会生活作些了解,总比毫无所知和漠然置之要好些。在这篇文章中,我们将对济南城作一局部的概述,对该城生活的15或20个主要方面进行一番评     

《中国国民党中政会研究(1924—1937)》

正社会科学文献出版社2016年1月版,27万字,75元中政会的地位独特而显要,它曾经是国民党中央的政治指导机关和党国体制的核心运作机关,是国民党政治制度中非常重要的顶层设计,是国民党在面对"政党建设"与"国家建构"这样一个一体两翼的问题时,秉奉"以党治国"的理念建立起的"党国体制"中的转承枢纽,是"党与政府唯一之     

中东铁路路权交涉(1896—1924年)

1896年5月,沙俄政府诱迫中国清政府签订了《中俄同盟条约》,紧接着又签署了《东省铁路合同》,从而实现了它蓄谋已久的愿望,就是在中国东北修筑铁路,进而吞并这一地区,并把它做为瓜分中国,争夺远东和太平洋地区的基地。但是,表面上沙俄政府不得不表示尊重中国主权,通过中东铁路的修建、经营,对中国进行政治、经济、军事和文化的全面侵略。因此,从中俄密约的签订到沙俄政府及其残余分子在中东铁路统治垮台,围绕中东铁路的路权问题,展开子长期、错综复杂的交涉。交涉的核心就是尊重还是侵犯中国主权问题。本文就是对1896年到1924年9月中东铁路路权交涉,作以简要,概括地叙述。     

The Sino‐Soviet Conference, 1924–1927

Soviet Union issued two declarations toward China in 1919 and 1920, promising to nullify all treaty privileges in China previously established by the Tsarist government voluntarily. However, in the formal negotiations Karakhan insisted that old treaties must be replaced by new treaty. Finally, the Sino‐Soviet Agreement, literarily, “Agreement on General Principles for the Settlement of Outstanding Questions”, signed in May 1924 and diplomatic relations restored at once, a conference was stipulated to meet within one month to solve all questions and to conclude a formal treaty. Nevertheless, the conference was postponed for more than a year; when it did convene too many controversies led it nowhere. Since no treaty was produced at the Sino‐Soviet Conference, the old treaties were not abolished, therefore the Soviet's promises were never practiced.