历史和历史哲学

历史哲学是对人类理智事业中一个独特领域 (人类历史而不是自然史 )的哲学研究。由于历史具有“历史”和“历史学”两种含义 ,故而有思辨的与分析的两类历史哲学。2 0世纪 ,思辨的或实质的形而上学的历史哲学式微 ,批判的或分析的历史哲学蔚为大观。与这种二元划分不同 ,历史哲学还分为“可臻完善论”(perfectibilism)和“千禧年论”(millenari anism)的历史哲学。二者都相信进步的观念 ,都属于思辨的历史哲学。本文探讨了杜尔阁、孔多塞的历史哲学。     

Philosophy and Esotericism

Abstract

Arthur Melzer's Philosophy Between the Lines establishes the historical reality of esotericism, or at least the reputation for it, throughout Western and Islamic philosophy until late modernity. But Melzer wants to do much more than that: to establish that there is a whole new world of philosophy to uncover and explore, thus to promote the recovery of “a long lost art of philosophical literacy.” I argue that he fails in this task. Most of the evidence he has for esotericism concerns religious beliefs, and it does not show that a significant portion of the work of important philosophers is to be read esoterically. I offer a detailed analysis of his account of Aristotle's alleged esotericism to give some indication of the weakness of his evidence. I also argue against the Straussian assumption (regarding the dualism of human nature between theory and practice) that stands behind so much of his account of esotericism. I end with a discussion of pedagogical esotericism, contrasting Melzer's Straussian account with my Nietzschean account of what esotericism can contribute to philosophical education.     

Philosophy and International Relations

In recent years, International Relations theorists have turned to philosophy in search of new ontological and epistemological foundations or to clarify their existing commitments. Scientific Realism and International Relations, edited by Jonathan Joseph and Colin Wight, is a good example of the former: editors and contributors make the case for Scientific Realism—a leading philosophy of science—in International Relations. Patrick Thaddeus Jackson, author of The conduct of inquiry in International Relations, is motivated by the latter concern, and devises a typology based on two key fissures among social scientists: the relationships between the knower and the known, and between knowledge and observation. The Joseph and Wight volume, while containing some thoughtful essays, does not convince the reviewer that assumptions that might apply in the physical world are relevant to its social counterpart. The Jackson book is an intellectual tour de force and a compelling plea for pluralism.     

Derrida and Post-Modern Political Philosophy

Western political philosophy may be more diverse than its supporters or critics have allowed in recent scholarship. This paper argues that political philosophy is the centre of Derrida's philosophical thought as a whole, and suggests that similarities between Isocrates and Derrida help us to better understand both the political thought of these thinkers and the historical diversity of Western political philosophy.     

论伊本·卡尔敦的历史哲学

伊本·卡尔敦 (ＩｂｎＫｈａｌｄｕｎ ,1 332— 1 40 6年 )是中世纪阿拉伯世界最伟大的一位历史学家。他的不朽之作《历史学导论》被英国现代著名史学家汤因比誉为“在任何时间与空间内 ,由任何富于才智的人所曾写出的同类著作中最为伟大的一部。”① 汤氏此语并非言过其实。自 1 9世纪初 ,西方学者便开始翻译与研究卡氏的著作 ,并在该世纪末与 2 0世纪初形成了一股热潮。②直到二战之后 ,有关的研究著作仍在不断地出版。③ 卡尔敦何以引起西方学者如此广泛而持久的关注 ?笔者认为 ,这是由于卡氏在其著作中所创立的“新科学”或“文化科学”…     

历史哲学谈薮

中国在：20世纪30年代,有过农业哲学、人生哲学、法律哲学、民族哲学、行动哲学等,其中较多的是历史哲学。这个复合词是怎么在中国发展的?我们研究史学的时候,何以有必要注意历史的哲学问题?学习这个历史哲学有什么基本的内容?中国人如何运用历史哲学?等等。本文企图将自己的体验作点介绍,并就正于方家门前。     

认识论哲学观及其超越

认识论哲学观是西方传统哲学的主流哲学观。认识论哲学观主张,哲学是人类以理性对全部世界的总体图景、基本性质、内在本质和运动规律进行认识,获取系统化的理性知识并做出科学说明的活动,是系统性的理性知识和真理的体系。本文在论述认识论哲学观的基础上,指出认识论哲学观隐藏着深沉的生存论关切,现代生存论哲学观是对传统认识论哲学观的超越。     

Philosophy,Eros, Judaism

Abstract

A careful reading of Caritas in Veritate shows it to be framed and permeated by two principles. The first is that human persons in their consciences and deeds are the principal agents of economic and political life, whether directly in interpersonal relations or mediated through their work in and for institutions. The second is that human persons as citizens are best prepared to promote “integral human development” and “the common good” when they are urged on by charity or love that is lived in truth. In these respects Caritas in Veritate is a clear continuation of the line of thought that Benedict developed in his earlier encyclicals Deus Caritas Est and Spe Salvi, and before that in his theological writings as Joseph Ratzinger. Benedict's work thus underscores the need modern societies and political communities have for charity, and thus for faith and for hope. We explicate this aspect of Benedict's political vision throughout this essay, anticipating and beginning to respond to some objections to the thesis that politics even in a secular age requires theological virtues to flourish.     

稻盛哲学的文化渊源

研究任何哲学思想都要考察其文化渊源。本文用实证的方法驳斥了稻盛和夫经营哲学深受中国传统文化影响的观点。中国文化对稻盛和夫的影响是有限的,而稻盛哲学是来源于多方面的,是这位大企业家对各国文化博采众长的产物。     

稻盛经营哲学的启示

为被称为零售业生命的连锁店而操劳昭和32年,我的父亲在滋贺县彦根市开了一个叫平和堂的鞋包店。随着销售商品种类的不断增加,昭和41年,这个鞋包店已经变成了出售衣物、食品以及日常生活用品的百货商店,商场面积也达到了千余平方米。昭和43年开始拓展连锁店业务,二号连锁店在草     

自然保护区管理中的发展理念

<正>传统的自然保护区管理理论多数是从国外引进的,它们可能更适合于那些土地权属界定清晰,人为干扰类型单一,人口较少,经济实力较强,管理部门对区内自然资源的管理相对独立的自然保护区,这些理论更强调对保护区内的自然资源进行保护管理。中国的大多数保护区都是位于边远落后的山区,当地群众长期生活于那里,因为封闭而残存了良好的资源,国家为了保护生物多样性,抢救性地在那里建立自然保护区。由于缺少生产技能,多数群众都是依赖于直接     

Philosophy of archaeology: Current issues

Recent literature reflects continuing concern with problems such as explanation, skepticism, and objective knowledge. Some authors urge archaeologists to abandon positivism in favor of new philosophical approaches, such as feminism, Marxism, hermeneutics, and critical theory. Ethical issues have received increased attention as archaeologists have become involved in determining public policy with regard to disposition of artifacts and uncovering of human burials.     

旅游哲学发凡

从人生哲学、政治哲学、教育哲学三大方面探讨旅游哲学。旅游哲学之内涵见诸情性观、价值观、生死观、苦乐观、天人观、人际观、政治观、修身观、静思观、义利观等。     

论思辨的历史哲学

通常,历史哲学(philosophy of history)指的是两个截然不同但又不可割裂的分支。一个分支是对历史研究(historiography)进行哲学分析,即对历史学家所从事的工作进行逻辑的、概念的和认识论的概括;另一个分支是试图在事件的进程中,或在历史进程的一般性质中发现某些意义或重要性,它超出普通历史著作的可理解性之外。在当代文献中,