汉代墓室建筑装饰与随葬品的关系

汉代墓室建筑装饰,有着丰富的内容。但汉代人在使用这些题材内容时,是有选择的,与墓葬随葬品也有比较密切的关系。本分析了汉代人墓室建筑装饰题材内容的倾向性选择,认为墓室建筑装饰丰富了墓室的内容,同时也替代了部分随葬     

遣策的考古发现与文献诠释

近年来,考古工作在湖北、湖南、江苏、广西等地发现了较多的以记录随葬物品为主要内容的简牍。这些简牍记录的内容有的单纯,有的却很庞杂;有的与随葬实物基本相符,有的则不见有实物可以对照。对此．一般都称之为“遣策”,且普遍认为是“随葬物品的清单”。     

墓葬出土堆塑瓶(罐)类明器功用研究

本文以汉代至明代墓葬出土堆塑瓶(罐)类明器为研究对象,它们在制作技术与基本功用上的一致性是能够进行研究的基础。堆塑瓶(罐)类明器在墓葬中的基本功用为储存物品随葬,在此基础上逐渐显现出引魂升天、保佑后人、镇墓护魂等多元功用,并体现出与当时社会的丧葬习俗、民间信仰紧密结合的趋势。     

明代墓葬出土家具明器陈设浅探

家具明器是明代墓葬的随葬品内容之一,种类主要包括床、桌、椅、架、盆、桶、凳、几、案、箱、柜等,材质有陶、木、石、锡之分。这些墓葬主要分布于中原地区和江南地区,墓主人以宗室、品官及富裕平民为主。明代墓葬中家具明器的陈设主要仿照现实生活中的布局,组合起来象征卧室和书房这类日常居所中的两大功能区域。     

作为民间写经和礼忏仪式的维摩诘信仰

本文通过大量敦煌文物,从写经和礼忏仪式等方面,对民间的维摩诘信仰进行了考察,着重讨论了它不同于知识阶层的信仰特点。认为：维摩诘信仰在民间形成追求功德、广植福田的一般特征,迥异于当时士大夫阶层精密深微的义学佛教及僧伽阶层实践禅修的佛教。在民间,维摩诘一直被中国民众作为一位救苦菩萨来崇信的,其效验等同观音、药王等神祗,反映了中土庶民佛教信仰的多样性和渗透性。这一特征不仅表现在大量民间写经的题记中,亦表现在用于礼忏仪式的启请文、患文及维摩变相之中。     

中国近代的外交与外交礼仪

19世纪70年代,清廷各级外交人员出国后,认知、认同、接受了西方国家的外交观念及其礼仪惯例,并开始了逐渐与其接轨的近代化进程,但同时也出现一些礼仪对接中的错位现象.出于外交的需要,清廷初步确定了清国的国旗、国歌.这一时期清廷外交理念及外交活动的变化是巨大而深刻的,功不可没.但中国在政治上付出的代价也是巨大的,惨重的,其教训也同样是不可忘记的.     

清陵寝员役制度初探

本依据一些“一史馆”及“省档案馆”新发现的档案,对清陵寝员役制度作了剖析,并从员役数量的多寡、官员级别的差异及守陵人在不同时期的待遇等变化中,阐述了清陵寝员役制度的实质。     

Breaking Traditions: An Isotopic Study on the Changing Funerary Practices in the Dutch Iron Age (800–12 bc)

Urnfields in the Dutch river area were replaced by cemeteries with a mixture of cremation and inhumation graves around the sixth century bc . This study provides the first biogeochemical evidence that the Iron Age communities were heterogeneous in terms of geological origins. The high percentage of non‐locally born individuals (~48%) supports the hypothesis that the change in burial practice was the result of the influx of foreign people, who were being allowed to keep their own burial customs, whereas some of the local inhabitants adapted the burial rites of foreign cultures, leading to a heterogeneous burial rite for some centuries.     

礼乐制度与十国时期的南方文化

十国时期是传统礼乐制度全面进入南方社会的关键时期．也是整个南方社会礼乐文教意识水平普遍上升的时期。本文以十国时期南方政权中礼乐制度的建立和推行为线索,从礼乐制度与南方民间风俗习惯、宗教信仰、地域文化之间相互关系的角度,探讨传统礼乐制度的南移在南方社会文化崛起中的深远意义。     

洪武十年前后的祭礼改制初探--以郊、庙、社稷礼为中心

明太祖朱元璋在洪武十年(1377年)前后对郊、庙、社稷等国家祭礼进行了根本性的改革,呈现出由“分”到“合”,由“繁”变“简”的趋势。洪武改制除了有关郊、庙礼制的具体原因,还反映了太祖尚本重质、礼文从简的思想及垂宪后代的祖宗心态。     

明、蒙冲突与祭礼之变

明、蒙长期的民族冲突 ,使丧失军事优势的明朝产生了危机感 ,进而影响到明朝国家祭礼的变化。礼祀岳飞、宗泽等宋代将相 ,是为了唤起忠义 ,抗敌报国 ;恢复明初停祀的武成王旨在“武教有所兴起” ;罢祀历代帝王庙中的元世祖君臣和孔庙中元代名儒吴澄 ,是“华夷之辨”思潮下明人仇视蒙元风气的直接反应。     

The Latest Objects from Silchester,Hants

THIS paper brings together for the first time a selection of medieval glass and pottery distilling-vessels from British sites. A discussion on the technical aspects of distilling by F. Greenaway (Part I) is followed by a report on two important groups of glass and pottery distilling-apparatus from Selborne and Pontefract priories of the middle and late 15th century respectively (Part II). Part III discusses pottery distilling-vessels from other finds in Britain. Two types of pottery alembic are distinguished and their use in association with bases of either furnace or bowl type is suggested; industrial bottles connected with distilling are also briefly considered. The survey has brought much information to light but has also left many problems unanswered. Coordination of documentary research into techniques, archaeological recognition of vessels, and the chemical analysis of residues is necessary before firm decisions can be made about the uses of the vessels and the types of unit required for specific operations. It is hoped that this paper will stimulate further work in this field.