The Scale of Dissimilarity: Concepts, Measurement and an Application to Socio-Economic Variation Across England and Wales

The paper considers the scale – the measure, extent, and dimension – of uneven distributions in space for a wide range of census variables. While the traditional 'index of dissimilarity' is affected by random as well as social factors, a solution presented here allows the index to be calculated even for very small populations. Small areas across England and Wales tend to be fairly similar demographically but quite diverse on ethnic and socio-economic measures. Differences between areas become more noticeable as we move from districts, to wards, to enumeration districts, but the rate of differentiation depends heavily on the variables considered.     

黑龙江地域居处民俗的历史演变与交互影响

在与自然环境的长期适应过程中,黑龙江地区的世居民族和后期移民创造性地利用和改造了自然生存条件,形成了不同风格、独具特色、便利实用、交互影响的居住传统民俗。由原始的穴居、架居,一直发展到砖瓦结构的居室和院落建筑,反映出东北地区特有的居处民俗及其历史演变过程和发展规律。     

《美国历史评论》:第一份科学的美国历史杂志

《美国历史评论》是美国主流的核心历史刊物,更是“第一份科学的美国历史杂志”。它是19世纪末西方史学职业化的产物,也是美国史学科学化、职业化的标志。100多年来,它坚持严肃的专业态度,坚持和发展了自己的栏目内容和形式,主旨是为了繁荣和发展美国的历史学术。它最初不是美国历史协会的机关刊物和出版物,但由于业务发展的需要,《评论》最终成为美国历史协会的“旗舰”。有人批判《评论》内容方面的保守,但细心考察会发现它是美国史学发展的晴雨表,尤其反映了第二次世界大战前后美国史学发展的趋势和变化。     

A Context for Concealment: The Historical Archaeology of Folk Ritual and Superstition in Australia

Are there traditions of folk ritual practice in Australian historical contexts, and are they observable in the archaeological record? Studies from the US and UK have documented a range of practices suggesting the persistence of British and European traditions of folk magic well into the twentieth century and previous historical work has identified numerous examples of ritual concealments in Australian buildings. In examining over 4,500 Australian historical archaeological sources, however, we found very few examples of possible folk ritual practices. This raises the question of why such practices are not being captured by current archaeological recording methods. As counterpoint, a general model is constructed from US, UK and Australian work that raises intriguing possibilities for the situating of superstitious behavior in Australian historical archaeology, including the contexts in which people might be more prone to practise such behaviors and how they might be materially identifiable.