吾家有鹅初长成

<正>仲夏,碧波荡漾之中,我们再见那一个美丽的童话。或许你曾亲历;或许你曾幻想;或许你曾期待。那么如今我们就跟随摄影家的镜头,重温、重拾那一段美好的童年。看一看那丑小鸭如何在天鹅妈妈的亲手教学下,学会在那碧绿的湖面上划出那一个个美丽的水波。     

巴音布鲁克草原 美丽湿地天鹅湖

<正>巴音布鲁克草原,蒙古语意为"丰富的泉水",位于新疆巴音郭楞蒙古自治州和静县西北天山中部腹地,平均海拔约2500米,面积约2.3万平方公里。开都河蜿蜒流过大小尤鲁都斯山间草原盆地,形成了众多的湖泊和广袤的高原湿地,著名的天鹅湖九曲十八弯就坐落在草原上,也是国家AAAAA级景区,2013年6月,被联合国教科文组织授予天山系列世界自然遗产地称号。在巴音布鲁草原栖息的鸟儿有128种之多,隶属14目30科80余属,其中雀形目53     

The Material Roots of Rastafarian Marijuana Symbolism

This article explores the relationship between shifting modes of production and the evolution of marijuana symbolism among the early Rastafarians of Jamaica. During slavery, marijuana grew on the island but was probably not recognized. During the shift to indentured labour, black Jamaicans utilized marijuana as a palliative. During the transition to capitalism, marginalized urban Jamaicans sold marijuana and it became a powerful symbol of their peasant past. Finally, once the island had shifted to a predominantly capitalist mode of production and appropriated laws that reinforced capitalist ideology, marijuana became a “holy herb”. This work provides a framework to study the development of religious symbolism and presents an exercise in applying anthropological theory to history. Such an exploration is useful for anthropologists studying ideological systems and ethnobotanists seeking to analyse the dynamic relationships between plants and people based upon changes in material circumstances or shifts in mode of production.     

探秘“女儿国”的天鹅湖

新疆巴音郭楞蒙古自治州,是《西游记》中女儿国所在地,而横穿巴音布鲁克草原的开都河,就是传说中的子母河。闻名中外的"天鹅湖",就坐落在这片神秘的大草原上。这个面积1000平方公里的国家级保护区,是当今世界上天鹅最多、最集中的繁殖区。这里不仅风景如画、女孩漂亮迷人,天鹅的有趣生活更是令人大开眼界!     

Folklore and Symbolism of Green

Colour is not a quality of an object, but a perception. As such, it can symbolise anything we want it to symbolise. This paper reports the results of a survey of the use of colour in folklore and tradition supported by the Folklore Society and the Colour Group (GB). Drawing attention to the diversity of colour symbolism worldwide, it posits two basic principles, the Principle of Adaptation of Ideas and the Principle of Singularity, to account for apparently contradictory usages.     

Symbolism rehashed and symbolism rethought

Edmund R. Leach. Culture and Communication: The Logic by Which Symbols Are Connected. An Introduction to the Use of Structuralist Analysis in Social Anthropology. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 1976. 105 pp.

Dan Sperber. Rethinking Symbolism. Translator, Alice L. Morton. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 1975. xiii + 153 pp.     

The Cosmic Symbolism of the Cross and the Emperor in Ptochoprodromos,Poem IV.

Abstract

This article comments on the symbolic imagery concerning the Emperor Manuel I Komnenos in Ptochoprodomos, Poem IV and on the ideology on which that imagery is based, with references to the parallels provided by certain representations in Byzantine art.     

Colour Symbolism in the Folk Literature of the Caucasus

Colour associations are analysed indirectly by a study of oral traditions and legends, using methods developed in structural anthropology. Colours are considered not in isolation, but mainly in contrasting pairs or in sequences. It has been found that a specific colour could have different associations in different conditions, and that generally the associations are more abstract than concrete.     

桥的象征意义世界——读《境界与象征：桥和民俗》

文化象征体系一向是人类学和民俗学关注的重要主题之一。这两门学科都以人们的生活世界为研究对象,而在象征人类学或阐释人类学看来,生活世界是由意义构成的。一种文化的象征体系展现了该文化的宇宙观图式和价值体系,它渗透于人们“如何说、如何做、如何想”的各个层面。由于仪式和某些在人们生活中具有特殊地位的事象能浓缩地体现象征体系的结构或某些方面,它们往往成为进行象征意义讨论的关注点。     

法国早期象征派诗歌的生命意识

19世纪的法国象征派运动,给浪漫主义以来的欧洲诗坛带来一股清新的诗风。对于象征派诗歌的把握,有一个核心的精神,那就是寻求同万物生命的对话。从波德莱尔的“感应”,到兰波的“通灵”,再到马拉美的“无限”,法国象征派诗歌建立一种完全不同于人类中心论的全新的生命意识,对后世的后期象征主义文学甚至是生态文学都产生了深远的影响。     

紫禁城太和殿所供符板及其宗教思想研究

太和殿顶棚上东、西、南、北、中五个方向上分别供奉着五块符板,每块符板上镌刻了佛教常见的经咒(陀罗尼)、咒牌和宫宅神王尊名以及道教七十二镇宅灵符,反映出清代宫廷佛道合一、汉藏佛教交融现象的普遍存在。本文在对每块符板上各部分内容作详尽的分析之后发现,五块符板组成了一个完整的以祈寿、镇宅、护国佑民为主旨的供奉思想。     

Resistance,Symbolism and the Language of Stateness in Timor‐Leste

On gaining independence in 2002 after a protracted struggle against Indonesian occupation, the sovereign Timor‐Leste state began to assert its sovereignty in a range of discursive and expressive media. These assertions developed a distinct ‘language of stateness’ that is the focus of this article. This East Timorese expression of state sovereignty draws heavily on the legacy of the Timorese resistance struggle and on a variety of other sources of symbolic power such as flags, buildings, logos, and uniforms. Yet these efforts have been contested by a range of non‐state actors in Timor‐Leste and the shape that this language of stateness has taken now evokes complaints from martial arts groups (MAGs), ritual arts groups (RAGs), and veterans' organisations that seek to ‘become like the state’ themselves, and who also employ a ‘national language of stateness’ in the form of flags, graffiti, and official buildings. While not challenging the idea of an independent East Timorese state per se, these groups question the prerogative of the state to use and define the language of stateness. In this article I explore the way the state and its challengers use ‘languages of stateness’ and how this shapes their ambivalent stance vis‐à‐vis each other, with both sides often drawing upon a discourse of the fulfilment of the millenarian promises that have for a long time been tied to the achievement of independence.     

川东地区民间古床纹饰的象征性寓意

川东地区民间古床的纹饰不但题材丰富而且寓意深刻，它们在相当程度上体现了该地区人民的生活、思想与审美观念。其内容包括：吉祥物品纹，花卉、器具纹，果实、蔬菜纹，鸟兽、虫鱼纹，建筑、舟楫纹，人物、故事纹等等。通过对它们的研究，我们可以较为深入地了解该地区的人文历史、审美意识乃至社会观念，从而有利于对优秀传统文化的保护与传承。     

Congress and War Powers: Symbolism and Nondecisions in the Struggle for Influence

This article focuses on war powers issues during the Clinton presidency to test the theory of nondecision-making as developed by Bachrach and Baratz (1970) and Lukes (1974). The first section clarifies key theoretical concepts (mobilization of bias and barrier I and barrier II nondecisions) and argues that war powers issues constitute “key issues” in Bachrach and Baratz's terms, thus permitting the formulation of falsifiable nondecision hypotheses. The second section presents four in-depth case studies of troop deployment conflicts from the Clinton administration: Somalia, Haiti, Bosnia, and Kosovo. The third section analyzes the evidence from the four Clinton era cases, revealing a preponderance of nondecisions and essentially symbolic nonbinding resolutions (Edelman 1967; Hinckley 1994). The third section also identifies four mechanisms for deflecting challenges to the prevailing distribution of power (Bachrach and Baratz 1970, 44–48) and shows how all four were employed to deflect challenges to presidential primacy in the various Clinton cases. Following Oppenheimer (1974), the concluding section will offer an expanded vocabulary for classifying various forms of nondecision-making.